Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate

Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate
t͡ɕ
t͜ɕ
IPA number 215
Encoding
Entity (decimal) ʨ
Unicode (hex) U+02A8
X-SAMPA ts\
Sound
source · help

The voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with ⟨t͡ɕ⟩ (formerly ⟨ʨ⟩). The voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate occurs in languages such as Mandarin Chinese and Serbo-Croatian.

Features

Features of the voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate:

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Adyghe Abadzekh чъыгы  [t͡ɕəɣə]  'tree'
Bzhedug
Shapsug
Cantonese 豬 zyu1 [tɕyː˥]'pig' Contrasts with aspirated form. Allophone of /t͡s/, usually in front of the front high vowels /iː/, /ɪ/, /yː/. See Cantonese phonology
Catalan[1] All dialects fletxa [ˈfɫet͡ɕə] 'arrow' See Catalan phonology
Valencian xec [ˈt͡ɕek] 'cheque'
Danish[2] tjener [ˈt͡ɕe̝ːnɐ] 'servant' Normal realization of the sequence /tj/.[2] See Danish phonology
Japanese 知人 chijin [t͡ɕid͡ʑĩɴ] 'acquaintance' See Japanese phonology
Korean 집 jip [t͡ɕip̚] 'house' See Korean phonology
Mandarin 北京 Běijīng  [peɪ˨˩ t͡ɕiŋ˥]  'Beijing' Contrasts with aspirated form. Pronounced by some speakers as a palatalized dental. In complementary distribution with the dental [t͡s, t͡sʰ], with the velar [k, kʰ], and the retroflex [ʈ͡ʂ, ʈ͡ʂʰ] series. See Standard Chinese phonology
Norwegian tjern [t͡ɕæɳ] 'pond' See Norwegian phonology
Polish[3] ćma  [t͡ɕmä]  'moth' See Polish phonology
Portuguese[4] Brazilian tcheco [ˈtɕɛku] 'Czech' Allophone of /t/ before /i, ĩ/ (including when [i, ĩ, j] is not actually produced) and other instances of [i] (e.g. epenthesis), marginal sound otherwise. Argued both to be laminal [tʃ],[5] and generally produced "in the middle of the hard palate",[4] same of fellow alveolo-palatal [l̠ʲ] and [n̠ʲ],[6] and further palatalized than Italian post-alveolars.[7] See Portuguese phonology
Mato-grossense cheio [ˈtɕej.jʊ] 'full'
Most Brazilian dialects petit-pois [pɪ̥̆ˈtɕi puˈa] 'green peas'
Carioca T-shirts [tsiˈɕɜxtɕɕ] 'T-shirts'
Some speakers distinto [dʑitɕˈɕĩtu̥] 'distinct'
Romanian Banat dialect[8] frate [frat͡ɕe] 'brother' One of the most distinct phonological features of the Banat dialect. Corresponds to [t] in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology
Russian чуть [t͡ɕʉtʲ] 'narrowly' See Russian phonology
Serbo-Croatian Ловћен / Lovćen [ɫǒ̞ʋt͡ɕe̞n] 'Lovćen' Merges with /t͡ʃ/ in most Croatian and some Bosnian accents. See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Swedish Finland kjol [t͡ɕuːl] 'skirt' See Swedish phonology
Thai[9] ฉัน [tɕʰǎn] 'I'
Uzbek[10]
Vietnamese cha [t͡ɕa] 'father' See Vietnamese phonology
Yi ꏢ ji [t͡ɕi˧] 'sour' Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms

See also

References

  1. ↑ Wheeler (2005:12)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Grønnum (2005:148)
  3. ↑ Jassem (2003:105)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 seqüências de (sibilante + africada alveopalatal) no português falado em Belo Horizonte Page 18 (Portuguese)
  5. ↑ Análise acústica de sequências de fricativas seguidas de [i produzidas por japoneses aprendizes de português brasileiro] (Portuguese)
  6. ↑ Considerações sobre o status das palato-alveolares em português (Portuguese)
  7. ↑ Dialects of Brazil: the palatalization of the phonemes /t/ and /d/ Page 27 (Portuguese)
  8. ↑ Pop (1938), p. 29.
  9. ↑ Tingsabadh & Abramson (1993:24)
  10. ↑ Sjoberg (1963:12)

Bibliography

  • Grønnum, Nina (2005), Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk (3rd ed.), Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, ISBN 87-500-3865-6
  • Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
  • Pop, Sever (1938), Micul Atlas Linguistic Român, Muzeul Limbii Române Cluj
  • Sjoberg, Andrée F. (1963), Uzbek Structural Grammar
  • Tingsabadh, M.R. Kalaya; Abramson, Arthur S. (1993), "Thai", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (1): 24–26, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004746
  • Wheeler, Max W. (2005), The Phonology of Catalan, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-925814-7