Voiced retroflex stop
Voiced retroflex stop |
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ɖ |
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IPA number |
106 |
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Encoding |
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Entity (decimal) |
ɖ |
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Unicode (hex) |
U+0256 |
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X-SAMPA |
d` |
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Kirshenbaum |
d. |
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Braille |
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Sound |
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The voiced retroflex stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɖ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is d`. Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of a dee (the letter used for the corresponding alveolar consonant). Many Indian languages, such as Urdu, have a two-way contrast between plain and murmured (breathy voice) [ɖ].
Features
Features of the voiced retroflex stop:
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
Occurrence
See also
References
Bibliography
- Keane, Elinor (2004), "Tamil", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1): 111–116, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001549
- Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.), Blackwell
- Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996), The Sounds of the World's Languages, Oxford: Blackwell, ISBN 0-631-19814-8
- Lunsford, Wayne A. (2001), "An overview of linguistic structures in Torwali, a language of Northern Pakistan" (PDF), M.A. thesis, University of Texas at Arlington
- Masica, Colin P. (1991), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29944-6
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— Where symbols appear in pairs, left–right represent the voiceless–voiced consonants. |
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— Symbols marked with an asterisk (*) are not defined in the IPA. |
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