Voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant
| Voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ʑ | |||
| IPA number | 183 | ||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) |
ʑ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+0291 | ||
| X-SAMPA |
z\ | ||
| Braille |
  | ||
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| Sound | |||
 source · help | |||
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The voiced alveolo-palatal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some oral languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʑ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is z\.
Features
alveolo-palatal fricative [ɕ, ʑ]
Features of the voiced alveolo-palatal fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is sibilant fricative, which means it is generally produced by channeling air flow along a groove in the back of the tongue up to the place of articulation, at which point it is focused against the sharp edge of the nearly clenched teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is alveolo-palatal. This means that:
- Its place of articulation is postalveolar, meaning that the tongue contacts the roof of the mouth in the area behind the alveolar ridge (the gum line).
- Its tongue shape is laminal, meaning that it is the tongue blade that contacts the roof of the mouth.
- It is heavily palatalized, meaning that the middle of the tongue is bowed and raised towards the hard palate.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhaz | ажьа | [aˈʑa] | 'hare' | See Abkhaz phonology | |
| Adyghe | жьау | [ʑaːw] | 'shadow' | ||
| Catalan | Eastern and Majorcan[1] | ajut | [əˈʑut] | 'help' (n.) | See Catalan phonology |
| Chinese | Southern Min | 今仔日 kin-á-ji̍t | [kɪn˧a˥ʑɪt˥] | 'today' | |
| Japanese | 火事 kaji | [kaʑi] | 'fire' | Found in free variation with [dʲʑ] between vowels. See Japanese phonology | |
| Kabardian | жьэ | [ʑa] | 'mouth' | ||
| Lower Sorbian | źasety | [ʑasɛtɨ] | 'tenth' | ||
| Pashto | Wazirwola dialect | ميږ | [miʑ] | 'we' | |
| Polish[2] | źrebię |  [ˈʑrɛbʲɛ̃] | 'foal' | Also denoted by the digraph ⟨zi⟩. See Polish phonology | |
| Portuguese[3] | Brazilian | magia | [mɐˈʑi.ɐ] | 'magic', 'sorcery' | Allophonic variation of /ʒ/. Contrasts with other sibilants only in onset. Argued both to be laminal [ʒ],[4] and generally produced "in the middle of the hard palate",[3] same of fellow alveolo-palatal [l̠ʲ] and [n̠ʲ],[5] and further palatalized than Italian post-alveolars.[6] Found in coda mainly before fricative, coronal and palatalized consonants in Brazil.[7][8] See Portuguese phonology |
| European (?) | rasgos dóem | [ˈʀaʑguʑ ˈdɔẽj] | '[these] rips hurt' | ||
| Carioca | |||||
| Many Brazilian dialects | eles, desde sempre | [ˈeɫiʑ ˈdeʑdʑi̥ ˈsẽpɾi̥] | 'they, since ever' | ||
| Some speakers | [ˈelɪz ˈdeɪ̯ʑːɪ ˈsẽpɾɪ] | ||||
| Romanian | Transylvanian dialects[9] | geană | [ʑanə] | 'eyelash' | Realized as [dʒ] in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology |
| Russian | езжу | [ˈjeʑːʊ] | 'I drive' | Most speakers. Usually written ⟨жж⟩ or ⟨зж⟩. See Russian phonology | |
| Serbo-Croatian | Croatian[10] | руж ħе / puž će | [pûːʑ t͡ɕe̞] | 'the snail will' | Allophone of /ʒ/ before /t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ/.[10] See Serbo-Croatian phonology |
| Uzbek[11] | |||||
| Yi | ꑳ yi | [ʑi˧] | 'tobacco' | ||
See also
References
- ↑ Recasens & Espinosa (2007:145, 167)
- ↑ Jassem (2003:103)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 seqüências de (sibilante + africada alveopalatal) no português falado em Belo Horizonte Page 18 (Portuguese)
- ↑ Análise acústica de sequências de fricativas seguidas de [i produzidas por japoneses aprendizes de português brasileiro] (Portuguese)
- ↑ Considerações sobre o status das palato-alveolares em português (Portuguese)
- ↑ Dialects of Brazil: the palatalization of the phonemes /t/ and /d/ Page 27 (Portuguese)
- ↑ Pará Federal University – The pronunciation of /s/ and its variations across Bragança municipality's Portuguese (Portuguese)
- ↑ Rio de Janeiro Federal University – The variation of post-vocallic /S/ in the speech of Petrópolis, Itaperuna and Paraty (Portuguese)
- ↑ Pop (1938), p. 30.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Landau et al. (1999:68)
- ↑ Sjoberg (1963:11)
Bibliography
- Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
- Landau, Ernestina; Lončarić, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69, ISBN 0-521-65236-7
- Pop, Sever (1938), Micul Atlas Linguistic Român, Muzeul Limbii Române Cluj
- Recasens, Daniel; Espinosa, Aina (2007), "An electropalatographic and acoustic study of affricates and fricatives in two Catalan dialects" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association 37 (2): 143–172, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002829
- Sjoberg, Andrée F. (1963), Uzbek Structural Grammar
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