Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate
| Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| d͡ʑ | |||
| d͜ʑ | |||
| IPA number | 216 | ||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) |
ʥ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+02A5 | ||
| X-SAMPA |
dz\ | ||
| |||
| Sound | |||
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The voiced alveolo-palatal affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with ⟨d͡ʑ⟩ (formerly ⟨ʥ⟩).
Features
Features of the voiced alveolo-palatal affricate:
- Its manner of articulation is sibilant affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the air flow entirely, then directing it with the tongue to the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is alveolo-palatal. This means that:
- Its place of articulation is postalveolar, meaning that the tongue contacts the roof of the mouth in the area behind the alveolar ridge (the gum line).
- Its tongue shape is laminal, meaning that it is the tongue blade that contacts the roof of the mouth.
- It is heavily palatalized, meaning that the middle of the tongue is bowed and raised towards the hard palate.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Catalan[1] | All dialects | metge | [ˈmedd͡ʑə] | 'doctor' | See Catalan phonology |
| Valencian | joc | [ˈd͡ʑɔk] | 'game' | ||
| Japanese | 知人 chijin | [t͡ɕid͡ʑĩɴ] | 'acquaintance' | See Japanese phonology | |
| Korean | 감자 gamja | [kɐmd͡ʑɐ] | 'potato' | See Korean phonology | |
| Polish[2] | dźwięk |  [d͡ʑvʲɛŋk] | 'sound' | See Polish phonology | |
| Portuguese[3] | Brazilian | tadjique | [tɐˈdʑikʲi̥] | 'Tajik' | Allophone of /d/ before /i, ĩ/ (including when [i, ĩ, j] is not actually produced) and other instances of [i] (e.g. epenthesis), marginal sound otherwise. Argued both to be laminal [dʒ],[4] and generally produced "in the middle of the hard palate",[3] same of fellow alveolo-palatal [l̠ʲ] and [n̠ʲ],[5] and further palatalized than Italian post-alveolars.[6] See Portuguese phonology |
| Mato-grossense | jeitos | [ˈdʑejtʊ̥̆s] | 'manners', 'ways' | ||
| Most Brazilian dialects | windsurf | [ˈwĩdʑi ˈsɐχfɪ̥] | 'windsurf' | ||
| Carioca | DJs | [dziˈdʑejɕ] | 'DJs' | ||
| Some speakers | faz-de-conta | [ˈfadʑ ʑi ˈkõ̞tə] | 'make-believe' | ||
| Romanian | Banat dialect[7] | des | [d͡ʑes] | 'frequent' | Corresponds to [d] in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology |
| Russian | дочь бы | [ˈd̪o̞d͡ʑ bɨ] | 'daughter would' | Allophone of /t͡ɕ/ before voiced consonants. See Russian phonology | |
| Serbo-Croatian | ђаво / đavo | [d͡ʑâ̠ʋo̞ː] | 'devil' | Merges with /d͡ʒ/ in most Croatian and some Bosnian accents. See Serbo-Croatian phonology | |
| Taiwanese | 日 ji̍t | [d͡ʑit̚˧ʔ] | 'sun' | ||
| Uzbek[8] | |||||
| Yi | ꐚ jji | [d͡ʑi˧] | 'bee' | ||
See also
References
- ↑ Wheeler (2005:12)
- ↑ Jassem (2003:105)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 seqüências de (sibilante + africada alveopalatal) no português falado em Belo Horizonte Page 18 (Portuguese)
- ↑ Análise acústica de sequências de fricativas seguidas de [i produzidas por japoneses aprendizes de português brasileiro] (Portuguese)
- ↑ Considerações sobre o status das palato-alveolares em português (Portuguese)
- ↑ Dialects of Brazil: the palatalization of the phonemes /t/ and /d/ Page 27 (Portuguese)
- ↑ Pop (1938), p. 29.
- ↑ Sjoberg (1963:12)
Bibliography
- Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
- Pop, Sever (1938), Micul Atlas Linguistic Român, Muzeul Limbii Române Cluj
- Sjoberg, Andrée F. (1963), Uzbek Structural Grammar
- Wheeler, Max W (2005), The Phonology Of Catalan, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-925814-7
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