Visa requirements for Australian citizens

Visa requirements for Australian citizens are visa requirements imposed by other states on entry by Australian citizens who wish to enter into their country using an Australian passport.

In 2014 holders of an Australian passport can visit 168 countries and territories visa-free or with visa on arrival, and Australia is currently ranked 7th in terms of travel freedom, ranked behind Greece (6th placing, 169 countries) but above Malaysia and Malta (8th placing, 166 countries) according to the Visa Restrictions Index.

Besides visa requirements, most countries specify other requirements which preclude the entry of Australian and other citizens into their country, for example a prospective entrant has a criminal history, or health issues, evidence of sufficient funds, evidence of ticket for exit, etc.

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements for Australian passport holders

Reciprocity issues

In 2014 Bulgaria, Cyprus and Romania notified the European Commission that they consider Australia requires a visa for their citizens.^[1] Implications are that if the notification is accepted the EU may suspend the visa exemption for certain categories of Australian nationals and at the latest six months after publication of the regulation, the Commission may decide to suspend the visa-free access to all Australian citizens.^[2]

Some countries regard the ETA as being equivalent to visa-free travel when deciding whether to grant the same to Australians wishing to enter their territory. The United States, for example, offers their Visa Waiver Program to Australian passport-holders,^[3] and one of the conditions for joining this scheme is that "Governments provide reciprocal visa-free travel for U.S. citizens for 90 days for tourism or business purposes".^[4] However, United States require from January 2009 similar ETA from citizens of Australia and some more countries. This system is not called visa, but Electronic System for Travel Authorization, therefore the USA still allows visa-free travel for Australians. As of December 1998, Japan has also granted visa-free access to Australians.^[5] Other ETA eligible countries and territories Canada,^[6] Hong Kong,^[7] Malaysia,^[8] Singapore,^[9] South Korea (90 days)^[10] and Taiwan (90 days)^[11] also grant visa-free access to Australians while Brunei grants Australians a 30-day visa on arrival.^[12]

In 2014, the Australian Government officially banned its citizens from travelling to some parts of Syria without a legitimate reason. Anyone attempting to enter those territories faces up to 10 years imprisonment.^[13]

Visa requirements

Each country has a multitude of visa types, each with its particular purpose and requirements. The basic tourist or visitor visas are as follows:

Africa

Country	Visa requirement	Notes (excluding departure fees)
Algeria	Visa required[14]
Angola	Visa required[15]
Benin	Visa required[16]
Botswana	Visa not required[17]	90 days per year
Burkina Faso	Visa on arrival[18]	1 month
Burundi	Visa required[19][20]
Cameroon	Visa required[21]
Cape Verde	Visa on arrival[22]	Not available at all entry points.[23]
Central African Republic	Visa required[24]
Chad	Visa required[25]
Comoros	Visa on arrival[26]
Republic of the Congo	Visa required[27]
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Visa required[28]
Cote d'Ivoire ! Côte d'Ivoire	eVisa[29]	3 months; eVisa holders must arrive via Port Bouet Airport.
Djibouti	Visa on arrival[30]	Not available at all entry points.[31]
Egypt	Visa on arrival[32]	30 days
Equatorial Guinea	Visa required[33]
Eritrea	Visa required[34]
Ethiopia	Visa on arrival[35]	Not available at all entry points.[36]
Gabon	Visa required[37]
Gambia	Visa not required[38]	90 days
Ghana	Visa required[39]
Guinea	Visa required[40]
Guinea-Bissau	Visa on arrival[41]	90 days
Kenya	Visa on arrival[42]	3 months
Lesotho	Visa not required[43]	14 days[44]
Liberia	Visa required[45]
Libya	Visa required[46]
Madagascar	Visa on arrival[47]	30 days free of charge
Malawi	Visa not required[48]	up to 90 days
Maldives	Visa on arrival[49]	30 days[44]
Mali	Visa required[50]
Mauritania	Visa on arrival[51]
Mauritius	Visa not required[52]	90 days
Morocco	Visa not required[53]	3 months
Mozambique	Visa on arrival[54]	30 days, conditions apply[55]
Namibia	Visa not required[56]	3 months
Niger	Visa required[57]
Nigeria	Visa required[58]
Rwanda	Visa on arrival[59]	30 days
São Tomé and Príncipe	eVisa[60]
Senegal	Visa on arrival[61]	3 months. Must hold an invitation letter. Visa available online.[62]
Seychelles	Visa on arrival !Visitor's Permit on arrival[63]	1 month[44]
Sierra Leone	Visa required[64]
Somalia	Visa on arrival[65]	30 days, provided an invitation letter issued by the sponsor has been submitted to the Airport Immigration Department at least 2 days before arrival.
South Africa	Visa not required[66]	90 days
South Sudan	Visa required[67]
Sudan	Visa required[68]
Swaziland	Visa not required[69]	30 days[44]
Tanzania	Visa on arrival[70]
Togo	Visa on arrival[71]	7 days
Tunisia	Visa not required[72][73]	3 months
Uganda	Visa on arrival[74]	Determined at the port of entry.
Zambia	Visa on arrival[75]	up to 90 days; also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zimbabwe.
Zimbabwe	Visa on arrival[76]	90 days for Tourism or 30 days for Business purposes; also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zambia.

Americas

Country	Visa requirement	Notes (excluding departure fees)
Antigua and Barbuda	Visa not required[77]	1 month
Argentina	Visa on arrival !Reciprocity fee in advance[78]	90 days. Reciprocity fee must be paid online in advance (valid for 1).[79]
Bahamas	Visa not required[80]	3 months
Barbados	Visa not required[81]	6 months
Belize	Visa not required[82]	1 month[44]
Bolivia	Visa not required[83]	90 days
Brazil	Visa required[84]
Canada	Visa not required[85]	6 months
Chile	Visa on arrival !Reciprocity fee on arrival[86]	90 days
Colombia	Visa not required[87]	up to 180 days
Costa Rica	Visa not required[88]	90 days
Cuba	Visa required !Tourist Card required[89]
Dominica	Visa not required[90]	6 months
Dominican Republic	Visa not required[91]	90 days (10 USD Tourist Card valid for 30 days must be purchased upon arrival)
Ecuador	Visa not required[92]	90 days[44]
El Salvador	Visa not required[93]	3 months
Grenada	Visa not required[94]	3 months[44]
Guatemala	Visa not required[95]	90 days
Guyana	Visa not required[96]	3 months
Haiti	Visa not required[97]	3 months
Honduras	Visa not required[98]	3 months
Jamaica	Visa not required[99]
Mexico	Visa not required[100]	180 days
Nicaragua	Visa not required[101]	90 days
Panama	Visa not required[102]	180 days
Paraguay	Visa on arrival[103]	90 days
Peru	Visa not required[104]	up to 183 days
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Visa not required[105]	3 months
Saint Lucia	Visa not required[106]	6 weeks
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Visa not required[107]	1 month
Suriname	Visa required[108]
Trinidad and Tobago	Visa on arrival[109]	30 days
United States	Visa not required !Visa Waiver Program[110]	90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years, ESTA required if arriving by air or cruise ship.[111]
Uruguay	Visa not required[112]	3 months
Venezuela	Visa not required[113]	90 days

Asia

Country	Visa requirement	Notes (excluding departure fees)
Afghanistan	Visa required[114]
Armenia	Visa on arrival[115]	120 days. Obtainable on arrival at Zvartnots International Airport or prior to travel online.[116]
Azerbaijan	Visa required[117]
Bahrain	Visa on arrival[118]	14 days
Bangladesh	Visa on arrival[119]	30 days. Not available at all entry points.[120]
Bhutan	Visa required[121]
Brunei	Visa on arrival[122]	30 days
Cambodia	Visa on arrival[123]	30 days. Visa is also obtainable online.[124]
China	Visa required[125]	72-hours visa free visit when in transit at Beijing, Chengdu, Chongqing, Dalian, Guangzhou, Guilin, Shanghai, Shenyang, Xi'an and Wuhan.
Georgia	Visa not required[126]	90 days within 180 days
India	e-Tourist Visa[127]	30 days
Indonesia	Visa on arrival[128]	30 days
Iran	Visa on arrival[129]	15 days
Iraq	Visa required[130]	As of 2015, due to safety concerns, the Australian government strongly advises its citizens not to travel to Iraq.[131]
Israel	Visa not required[132]	3 months
Japan	Visa not required[133]	90 days
Jordan	Visa on arrival[134]	Conditions apply.[135] Not available at all entry points.[136]
Kazakhstan	Visa required[137]
North Korea	Visa required[138]
South Korea	Visa not required[139]	90 days
Kuwait	Visa on arrival[140]	3 months
Kyrgyzstan	Visa not required[141]	60 days
Laos	Visa on arrival[142]	30 days.[44] Not available at all entry points.[143]
Lebanon	Visa on arrival[144]	3 months. Not available at all entry points.[145]
Malaysia	Visa not required[146]	90 days
Mongolia	Visa required[147]
Myanmar	eVisa[148]	28 days, eVisa holders must arrive via Yangon, Nay Pyi Taw or Mandalay airports.
Nepal	Visa on arrival[149]	90 days
Oman	Visa on arrival[150]	30 days[44]
Pakistan	Visa required[151]	Visa on arrival when travelling on business valid for 30 days. Conditions apply.[152]
Philippines	Visa not required[153]	30 days
Qatar	Visa on arrival[154]	1 month. Not available at all entry points.[155]
Saudi Arabia	Visa required[156]
Singapore	Visa not required[157]	90 days
Sri Lanka	Electronic Travel Authorization[158]	30 days tourism visa via ETA, 30 day business visas available on arrival
Syria	Visa required[159]	As of 2015, due to safety concerns, the Australian government strongly advises its citizens not to travel to Syria.[160]
Tajikistan	Visa on arrival[161]	45 days
Thailand	Visa not required[162]	30 days by air, 15 days by land
Timor-Leste	Visa on arrival[163]	30 days. Not available at all entry points.[164]
Turkey	eVisa[165]	3 months.[166] Cruise ship passengers do not require a visa for up to 72 hours.[167]
Turkmenistan	Visa required[168]
United Arab Emirates	Visa on arrival[169]	30 days
Uzbekistan	Visa required[170]
Vietnam	Visa required[171]	Pre-arranged visa obtained online through travel agencies available at Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City Phu Quoc or Da Nang airports. Phú Quốc without a visa for up to 30 days.[172][173]
Yemen	Visa required[174]

Europe

Country	Visa requirement	Notes (excluding departure fees)
Albania	Visa not required[175]	90 days
Andorra	Visa not required[176]
Austria	Visa not required[177]	90 days within 180 days in the Schengen area
Belarus	Visa required[178]	Visas are issued on arrival at the Minsk International Airport if the support documents were submitted not later than 3 business days before expected date of arrival.[179]
Belgium	Visa not required[180]	90 days within 180 days in the Schengen area
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Visa not required[181]	90 days within 180 days
Bulgaria	Visa not required[182]	90 days within 180 days
Croatia	Visa not required[183]	90 days within 180 days
Cyprus	Visa not required[184]	90 days within 180 days
Czech Republic	Visa not required[185]	90 days within 180 days in the Schengen area
Denmark and territories	Visa not required[186]	90 days every six months, regardless of whether they have stayed in another Schengen area country (except the other Nordic countries) prior to entry into Denmark.[187] If visitors from Australia spend any amount of time in Denmark and/or the other Nordic countries in the first 90 days of their visa exempt period according to the Schengen agreement, they cannot claim the following 90 days visa exempt period for Denmark and the Nordic countries.[188]
Estonia	Visa not required[189]	90 days within 180 days in the Schengen area
Finland	Visa not required[190]	90 days within 180 days in the Schengen area
France and territories	Visa not required[191]	90 days within 180 days in the Schengen area (in Regions of France)
Germany	Visa not required[192]	90 days outright, in order to re-enter for another 90 days visitors have to depart Germany for any other country and can come back even the same day, visitors need to be able to document how many days they have spent in Germany if they have entered through another Schengen country so it is recommended to enter and depart from a German airport in order to obtain the official entry and departure passport stamps. In addition 90 days within 180 days in the Schengen area[193]
Greece	Visa not required[194]	90 days within 180 days in the Schengen area
Hungary	Visa not required[195]	90 days within 180 days in the Schengen area
Iceland	Visa not required[196]	90 days within 180 days in the Schengen area
Ireland	Visa not required[197]	3 months
Italy	Visa not required[198]	90 days within 180 days in the Schengen area
Latvia	Visa not required[199]	90 days within 180 days in the Schengen area
Liechtenstein	Visa not required[200]	90 days within 180 days in the Schengen area
Lithuania	Visa not required[201]	90 days within 180 days in the Schengen area
Luxembourg	Visa not required[202]	90 days within 180 days in the Schengen area
Macedonia	Visa not required[203]	90 days within 180 days
Malta	Visa not required[204]	90 days within 180 days
Moldova	Visa not required[205]	90 days within 180 days
Monaco	Visa not required[206]
Montenegro	Visa not required[207]	90 days within 180 days
Netherlands and territories	Visa not required[208]	90 days within 180 days in the Schengen area (European Netherlands)
Norway	Visa not required[209]	90 days within 180 days in the Schengen area
Poland	Visa not required[210]	90 days within 180 days in the Schengen area
Portugal	Visa not required[211]	90 days within 180 days in the Schengen area
Romania	Visa not required[212]	90 days within 180 days
Russia	Visa required[213]	Cruise ship passengers do not require a visa for up to 72 hours.[214]
San Marino	Visa not required[215]
Serbia	Visa not required[216]	90 days within 180 days
Slovakia	Visa not required[217]	90 days within 180 days in the Schengen area
Slovenia	Visa not required[218]	90 days within 180 days in the Schengen area
Spain	Visa not required[219]	90 days within 180 days in the Schengen area
Sweden	Visa not required[220]	90 days within 180 days in the Schengen area
Switzerland	Visa not required[221]	90 days within 180 days in the Schengen area
Ukraine	Visa required[222]	Invitation letter is not required for Australian citizens.[223]
United Kingdom excluding some Overseas territories	Visa not required[224]	6 months
Vatican City	Visa not required[225]

Oceania

Country	Visa requirement	Notes (excluding departure fees)
Fiji	Visa not required[226]	4 months
Kiribati	Visa not required[227]	30 days
Marshall Islands	Visa on arrival[228]	90 days
Micronesia	Visa not required[229]	30 days
Nauru	Visa on arrival[230]
New Zealand	Freedom of movement[231]	Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement
Palau	Visa on arrival[232]	30 days
Papua New Guinea	Visa required[233][234]
Samoa	Visa on arrival !Entry Permit on arrival[235]	60 days
Solomon Islands	Visa on arrival !Visitor's permit on arrival[236]	3 months
Tonga	Visa on arrival[237]	31 days
Tuvalu	Visa on arrival[238]	1 month[44]
Vanuatu	Visa not required[239]	30 days[44]

Territories

Visa requirements for Australian citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Europe
Visitor to	Visa requirement	Notes (excluding departure fees)
Abkhazia	Visa required[240]
Mount Athos	Special permit required	Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[241][242]
Crimea	Visa required	Visa issued by Russia is required.[243]
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus	Visa not required	3 months[244][245]
UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus	Access Permit required[246]	Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
Faroe Islands	Visa not required[247]
Gibraltar	Visa not required[248]
Guernsey	Visa not required[249]
Isle of Man	Visa not required[250]
Jan Mayen	Permit required	Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[251] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[252]
Jersey	Visa not required[253]
Kosovo	Visa not required	90 days[254]
Nagorno-Karabakh Republic	Visa required[255][256]	Travellers with Nagorno-Karabakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Nagorno-Karabakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[257]
Novorossiya	Restricted area	Crossing from Ukraine requires visit purpose to be explained to Ukrainian passport control on exit and those who entered from Russia are not allowed to proceed further into Ukraine.[258][259]
Russia	Special authorization required	Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[260]
South Ossetia	Visa not required	Multiple entry visa to Russia and three day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[261][262]
Transnistria	Visa not required	Registration required after 24h.[263][264]
Africa
Visitor to	Visa requirement	Notes (excluding departure fees)
British Indian Ocean Territory	Special permit required	Special permit required.[265]
Eritrea outside Asmara	Travel permit required	To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[266]
Ascension Island	Entry Permit required	Entry Permit must be obtained minimum 28 days in advance (3 months for 20/30 pounds sterling, single/double entry).[267]
Saint Helena	Visitor's Pass required	Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.[268]
Tristan da Cunha	Permission required	Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[269]
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic		Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
Somaliland	Visa on arrival	30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[270][271]
Sudan	Travel permit required	All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
Darfur	Travel permit required	Separate travel permit is required.[272]
Asia
Visitor to	Visa requirement	Notes (excluding departure fees)
Hainan	Visa not required	15 days[273]
Hong Kong	Visa not required	3 months[274]
India PAP/RAP	PAP/RAP required	Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[275][276][277][278][279][280]
Iraqi Kurdistan	Visa on arrival	Visa on arrival for 15 days is available at Erbil and Sulaymaniyah airports.[130]
Kazakhstan	Special permission required	Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[281]
Kish Island	Visa not required	Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[282]
Macao	Visa not required	30 days[283]
Sabah and Sarawak	Visa not required	These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.[284]
Maldives	Permission required	With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[285]
Palestine	Visa not required[286]	Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[287]
Taiwan	Visa not required	90 days - effective from January 1, 2015 for one year.[288]
Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province	OIVR permit required	OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[289][290][291]
Tibet Autonomous Region	TTP required	Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).[292][293][294]
Korean Demilitarized Zone	Restricted zone.
UNDOF Zone and Ghajar	Restricted zone.
Phú Quốc	Visa not required	30 days[295]
Yemen	Special permission required	Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[296]
Caribbean and North Atlantic
Visitor to	Visa requirement	Notes (excluding departure fees)
Anguilla	Visa not required	3 months[297]
Aruba	Visa not required	30 days, extendable to 180 days[298][299]
Bermuda	Visa not required	Up to 6 months, decided on arrival.[300]
Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba	Visa not required	3 months[301][302]
British Virgin Islands	Visa not required	30 days, extensions possible[303]
Cayman Islands	Visa not required	6 months[304]
Curacao	Visa not required	3 months[305]
French Guiana	Visa not required	3 months[306]
French West Indies	Visa not required	3 months (French West Indies refers to Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy)[307]
Greenland	Visa not required[247]
Margarita Island	Visa not required	All visitors are fingerprinted.[308]
Montserrat	Visa not required	6 months[309][310]
Sint Maarten	Visa not required	30 days, extendable to 180 days[311][312]
Turks and Caicos Islands	Visa not required	30 days[313]
U.S. Virgin Islands	Visa not required	Under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.[314]
Oceania
Visitor to	Visa requirement	Notes (excluding departure fees)
American Samoa	Entry permit required	Entry permit is required.[315]
Ashmore and Cartier Islands	Special authorisation required	Special authorisation required.[316]
Clipperton Island	Special permit required	Special permit required.[317]
Cook Islands	Visa not required	31 days[318]
Guam	Visa not required	Under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.[319]
Lau Province	Special permission required	Special permission required.[320]
French Polynesia	Visa not required	90 days within 180 days[321]
Niue	Visa on arrival	30 days[322]
Northern Mariana Islands	Visa not required[323]	Visa not required under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.
Pitcairn Islands	Visa not required	14 days visa free and landing fee 35 USD or tax of 5 USD if not going ashore.[324][325][326]
Puerto Rico	Visa not required	Under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.[327]
United States Minor Outlying Islands	Special permits required	Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[328][329][330][331][332][333][334]
South America
Visitor to	Visa requirement	Notes (excluding departure fees)
Galápagos	Pre-registration required	Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[335]
South Atlantic and Antarctica
Visitor to	Visa requirement	Notes (excluding departure fees)
Falkland Islands	Visa not required	Visa is not required.[336]
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	Permit required	Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[337][338]
Antarctica		Special permits required for  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land, Ross Dependency.[339][340][341][342][343][344][345][346][347][348][349][350]

Additional rules

Visa exemptions for Schengen states

A stay in the Schengen Area as a whole of more than three months (but no more than three months in any individual member state)

The Australian Government has signed bilateral visa waiver agreements with a number of the individual countries who are Schengen signatories, which allow Australian citizens to spend up to three months in the relevant country, without reference to time spent in other Schengen signatory states. Since these agreements continue to remain valid despite the implementation of the Schengen agreement, the European Commission has confirmed that in practice if Australians visit Schengen countries which have signed these types of bilateral agreements with Australia, then the terms of these agreements override the conditions normally imposed as a result of the Schengen visa exemption agreement.

Australia has individual bilateral visa waiver agreements with the following Schengen signatories:

•  Denmark^[351]
•  Germany^[352]

Consequently, Australian citizens can visit the above Schengen member states visa-free for periods of up to three months in each country. If, however, an Australian citizen then visits another Schengen state not included in the list above, the restriction of no more than three months out of a six-month period in the Schengen area as a whole applies. Therefore, if an Australian citizen has already spent three months in one or more of the above Schengen countries, any visits to another Schengen country without a bilateral visa waiver agreement with Australia may lead to difficulties with local law enforcement agencies (e.g. being accused of having overstayed upon leaving a Schengen country which is not in the list above).

A stay in the Schengen Area as a whole of up to three months

Australian citizens are classified as 'Annex II' foreign nationals, and so are permitted to stay visa-free in the 26 member states of the Schengen Area as a whole — rather than each country individually — for a period not exceeding 3 months every 6 months.

During the visa exemption period, Australian citizens are permitted to work in Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovenia and Sweden.^[353] In addition, Australian citizens intending to stay and work in Estonia for up to 90 days can do so without a visa as long as the employer has completed a 'registration of short-term employment'.^[354]

A stay in the Schengen Area as a whole of more than 3 months (and more than 3 months in an individual member state)

In general, any person who is not a European Union, European Economic Area or Swiss citizen and who wishes to stay in a Schengen member state for more than 3 months is required to obtain a national long-stay 'D' visa and/or a residence permit. Australian citizens aged 18–30 (or 18-35 in some cases) are able to obtain a national long-stay 'D' visa and/or a residence permit from some Schengen member states on the basis of a working holiday (see below). Schengen member states also issue national long-stay 'D' visas and residence permits for other reasons to those fulfilling criteria laid out in their national immigration policies (e.g. skilled workers, students, au pair).

In general, the national long-stay 'D' visa/residence permit needs to be obtained in advance through the member state's embassy/consulate. However, some Schengen member states offer exceptions for Australian citizens.

 Austria allows Australian citizens to enter the country without a visa and to apply for a temporary residence permit or a 'Red-White-Red Card' (issued to permanent immigrants) after arrival, rather than in advance through an Austrian embassy/consulate.^[355][356]

The  Czech Republic allows Australian citizens to apply for a work visa under a special scheme known as a 'Green Card' (rather than a 'Blue Card' or work permit which is required by most non-EU citizens). The application for a Green Card can be lodged at any Czech embassy/consulate (or, in some circumstances, within the Czech Republic if the applicant is already resident there) and is usually processed within 60 days.^[357]

 Germany permits Australian citizens intending to stay in the country for over 3 months to enter without a visa and to apply for a residence permit after arrival (whilst for many other non-EEA and Swiss citizens, a residence permit and visa for a stay over 3 months must be applied for in advance at a German foreign mission).^[358][359]

 Estonia permits Australian citizens to stay and work in Estonia for more than 90 days but less than 6 months as long as they obtain a category 'D' long-stay visa at a cost of €80 in advance at an Estonian foreign mission after the employer has completed a 'registration of short-term employment'.^[360] Australian citizens intending to stay and work in Estonia for more than 6 months can apply for a temporary residence permit for employment after arrival in the country.^[361]

 Hungary allows Australian citizens who wish to stay for more than 90 days in the country to apply for a residence card from the regional directorate of the Office of Immigration and Nationality within 90 days of arrival and do not need to obtain a residence permit prior to arrival in Hungary (unlike most other non-EEA and Swiss foreign nationals).^[362]

 Latvia permits Australian citizens intending to stay in the country for over 3 months as self-employed persons or as businesspersons to enter Latvia without a visa and to apply for a residence permit after arrival (whilst for many non-EEA and Swiss citizens, an application for a residence permit must be lodged in advance at a Latvian foreign mission).^[363]

 Netherlands exempts Australian citizens from the requirement to obtain a Schengen category "D" visa (the visa issued for long term stays in The Netherlands of over 90 days, known in Dutch as the "MVV" visa) - an exemption which goes beyond the visa waiver afforded to most other non-EEA and non-Swiss foreign nationals who are usually only given a visa waiver of up to 90 days in a 180-day period.^[364]

 Norway permits Australian citizens who have qualifications as a skilled worker to stay in the country without a visa for up to 6 months to seek employment as a skilled worker or a specialist (except as a religious leader/teacher or an ethnic cook), as long as they register with the police within 3 months of arriving in Norway.^[365]

Visa exemptions and requirements for the United Kingdom

Australian citizens are able to visit the United Kingdom for up to 6 months (or 3 months if they enter from the Republic of Ireland) without the need to apply for a visa as long as they fulfil all of the following criteria:

• they do not work during their stay in the UK
• they must not register a marriage or register a civil partnership during their stay in the UK
• they can present evidence of sufficient money to fund their stay in the UK (if requested by the border inspection officer)
• they intend to leave the UK at the end of their visit and can meet the cost of the return/onward journey
• they have completed a landing card and submitted it at passport control unless in direct transit to a destination outside the Common Travel Area^[366]
• if under the age of 18, they can demonstrate evidence of suitable care arrangements and parental (or guardian's) consent for their stay in the UK^[367]

However, even though, strictly speaking, he or she is not required to apply for a visa if he or she satisfies all of the above criteria, an Australian citizen who falls into any of the following categories is strongly advised by the UK Border Agency to apply for a visa prior to travelling to the UK:

• he/she has any unspent criminal convictions in any country
• he/she has previously been refused or breached the terms of any entry to the UK, or been deported or otherwise removed from the UK
• he/she has previously applied for a visa and been refused one
• he/she has been warned by a UK official that he/she should obtain a visa before travelling to the UK

Australian citizens who were born before 1983 and qualify for the right of abode are able to live and work in the United Kingdom indefinitely.

Australian citizens with a grandparent born either in the United Kingdom, Channel Islands or Isle of Man at any time or in the Republic of Ireland on or before 31 March 1922 can apply for UK Ancestry Entry Clearance, which enables them to work in the UK for five years, after which they can apply to settle indefinitely.

Australian citizens aged 18 to 30 can apply for a Youth Mobility Scheme visa which allows them to pursue a working holiday in the UK for two years.

Visa exemption for New Zealand

By virtue of the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement, Australian citizens are exempt from the requirement to hold a permit on arrival in New Zealand and may reside or work for an indefinite period as long as:^[368]

• they present a valid Australian passport OR hold a foreign passport showing their Australian Citizen Endorsement or Australian Citizen Declaratory Visa (either with a label or a confirmation letter) as evidence of their Australian citizenship
• they have no criminal convictions
• they have no untreated tuberculosis
• they have not been deported, excluded or removed from any country

Vaccination

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Zambia require all incoming passengers to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination for Yellow Fever. Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area.^[369]

Passport validity

Many countries require passport validity of no less than 6 months and one or two blank pages.^[370]

Countries requiring passport validity of at least 6 months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Bhutan, Botswana, Brunei, Cambodia, Comoros, Côte d'Ivoire, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Guyana, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq (except when arriving at Basra - 3 months and Erbil or Sulaimaniyah - on arrival), Israel, Kenya, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Namibia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Taiwan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, countries requiring passport validity of at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia, Zambia, countries requiring passport validity of at least 3 months on arrival include European Union countries (except Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom), Georgia, Honduras, Iceland, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Moldova, Nauru, Panama, Switzerland, United Arab Emirates and countries requiring passport validity of at least 1 month on arrival include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Macao, South Africa.^[371] Other countries require either a passport valid on arrival or passport valid throughout the period of intended stay.

Israeli stamps

Visitors with passport stamp of Israel are not allowed to enter a number of countries because of the Arab League boycott of Israel. Israel have since stopped the usage of stamps on passports in general and is now using electronic ticketing system.

Fingerprinting

Several countries including Argentina, Cambodia, Japan, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, United States, South Korea demand all passengers to be fingerprinted on arrival.^{[372][373][374][375][376][377][378]}

Furthermore, the UAE conducts retina scanning on visitors, however, that is normally for those who have to apply for a visa.^[379]

See also

• Visa policy of Australia

References

Visa policy by country Visa Passport Travel document Africa Central Angola Cameroon Central African Republic Chad DR Congo R Congo Equatorial Guinea Gabon Sao Tome and Principe Eastern Burundi Comoros Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Kenya Madagascar Malawi Mauritius Mozambique Rwanda Seychelles Somalia South Sudan Tanzania Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Northern Algeria Egypt8 Libya Morocco Sudan Tunisia Southern Botswana Lesotho Namibia Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha1 South Africa Swaziland Western Benin Burkina Faso Cape Verde Cote d'Ivoire Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Liberia Mali Mauritania Niger Nigeria Senegal Sierra Leone Togo Americas Caribbean Dutch Caribbean Aruba Caribbean Netherlands Curaçao Sint Maarten Anguilla1 Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados British Virgin Islands1 Cayman Islands1 Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Grenada Haiti Jamaica Montserrat1 St. Kitts and Nevis St. Lucia St. Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands1 Central Belize Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua Panama North Bermuda1 Canada Mexico United States South Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Falkland Islands1 Guyana Paraguay Peru South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands1 Suriname Uruguay Venezuela Asia Central & North Afghanistan Kazakhstan6 Kyrgyzstan Russia3 Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan East China Hong Kong Macau Japan North Korea South Korea Mongolia Taiwan10 South Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Southeast Brunei Cambodia East Timor Indonesia Laos Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam Western Abkhazia510 Akrotiri and Dhekelia1 7 Armenia7 Azerbaijan5 Bahrain Cyprus7 Egypt8 Georgia5 Iran Iraq Israel Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Nagorno-Karabakh7 10 Northern Cyprus7 10 Oman Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia South Ossetia5 Syria Turkey4 United Arab Emirates Yemen Europe European Union/EFTA Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Cyprus7 Denmark Estonia Finland France Overseas Germany Gibraltar1 Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Overseas Other Europe Abkhazia5 10 Akrotiri and Dhekelia1 7 Albania Andorra Armenia7 Azerbaijan5 Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Georgia5 Kazakhstan6 Kosovo10 Macedonia Moldova Monaco 2 Montenegro Nagorno-Karabakh7 10 Northern Cyprus7 10 Russia3 San Marino 2 Serbia South Ossetia5 10 Transnistria10 Turkey4 Ukraine Vatican City 2 Oceania Australia Cook Islands9 Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands Micronesia Nauru New Zealand Niue9 Palau Papua New Guinea Pitcairn Islands1 Samoa Solomon Islands Tokelau9 Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu 1 British Overseas Territories. 2 Open border with Schengen Area. 3 Russia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. The vast majority of its population (80%) lives in European Russia, therefore Russia as a whole is included as a European country here. 4 Turkey is a transcontinental country in the Middle East and Southeast Europe. Has a small part of its territory (3%) in Southeast Europe called Turkish Thrace. 5 Azerbaijan and Georgia (Abkhazia; South Ossetia) are transcontinental countries. Both have a small part of their territories in the European part of the Caucasus. 6 Kazakhstan is a transcontinental country. Has a small part of its territories located west of the Urals in Eastern Europe. 7 Armenia (Nagorno-Karabakh) and Cyprus (Northern Cyprus; Akrotiri and Dhekelia) are entirely in Southwest Asia but having socio-political connections with Europe. 8 Egypt is a transcontinental country in North Africa and the Middle East. Has a small part of its territory in the Middle East called Sinai peninsula. 9 Part of the Realm of New Zealand. 10 Partially recognized.

Visa requirements Visa Passport Travel document Africa Central Angolan Cameroonian Central African Republic Chadian DR Congo R Congo Equatorial Guinean Gabonese Santomean Eastern Burundian Comorian Djibouti Eritrean Ethiopian Kenyan Malagasy Malawian Mauritian Mozambican Rwandan Seychellois Somali South Sudanese Tanzanian Ugandan Zambian Zimbabwean Northern Algerian Egyptian8 Libyan Moroccan Sudanese Tunisian Southern Botswana Lesotho Namibian Saint Helena1 South African Swazi Western Beninese Burkina Faso Cape Verdean Gambian Ghanaian Guinean Guinea-Bissauan Ivorian Liberian Malian Mauritanian Nigerian Nigerien Senegalese Sierra Leonean Togolese Americas Caribbean Anguillan1 Antigua and Barbuda Bahamian Barbadian British Virgin Islands1 Caymanian1 Cuban Dominica Dominican Republic Grenadian Haitian Jamaican Montserratian1 Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucian Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands1 Central Belizean Costa Rican El Salvador Guatemalan Honduran Nicaraguan Panamanian North Bermudian1 Canadian Mexican United States South Argentine Bolivian Brazilian Chilean Colombian Ecuadorian Guyanese Paraguayan Peruvian Surinamese Uruguayan Venezuelan Asia Central & North Afghan Kazakhstani6 Kyrgyzstani Russian3 Tajik Turkmen Uzbekistani East Chinese Hong Konger Macanese Japanese North Korean South Korean Mongolian Taiwanese9 South Bangladeshi Bhutanese Indian Maldivian Nepalese Pakistani Sri Lankan Southeast Bruneian Cambodian East Timorese Filipino Indonesian Laotian Malaysian Myanmar Singaporean Thai Vietnamese Western Abkhaz5 9 Armenian7 Azerbaijani5 Bahraini Cypriot7 Egyptian8 Georgian5 Emirati Iranian Iraqi Israeli Jordanian Kuwaiti Lebanese Nagorno-Karabakh7 9 Northern Cypriot7 9 Omani Palestinian5 Qatari Saudi South Ossetian5 9 Syrian Turkish4 Yemeni Europe European Union Austrian Belgian British (BOTC · BN(O) · BOC) Bulgarian Croatian Cypriot7 Czech Danish Dutch Estonian (Non-citizens) Finnish French German Greek Hungarian Irish Italian Latvian (Non-citizens) Lithuanian Luxembourg Maltese Polish Portuguese Romanian Slovak Slovenian Spanish Swedish Other Europe Abkhaz5 9 Albanian Andorran2 Armenian7 Azerbaijani5 Belarusian Bosnian and Herzegovinian Georgian5 Gibraltar1 Icelandic2 Kazakhstani6 Kosovan9 Liechtenstein2 Macedonia Moldovan Monégasque2 Montenegrin Nagorno-Karabakh7 9 Northern Cypriot7 9 Norwegian2 Russian3 San Marino2 Serbian South Ossetian5 9 Sovereign Military Order of Malta Swiss Transnistrian9 Turkish4 Ukrainian Vatican City2 Oceania Australian Fijian Kiribati Marshallese Micronesian Nauruan New Zealand Palauan Papua New Guinean Pitcairn Islands1 Samoan Solomon Islands Tongan Tuvaluan Vanuatuan 1 British Overseas Territories. 2 Open border with Schengen Area. 3 Russia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. The vast majority of its population (80%) lives in European Russia, therefore Russia as a whole is included as a European country here. 4 Turkey is a transcontinental country in the Middle East and Southeast Europe. Has a small part of its territory (3%) in Southeast Europe called Turkish Thrace. 5 Azerbaijan and Georgia (Abkhazia; South Ossetia) are transcontinental countries. Both have a small part of their territories in the European part of the Caucasus. 6 Kazakhstan is a transcontinental country. Has a small part of its territories located west of the Urals in Eastern Europe. 7 Armenia (Nagorno-Karabakh) and Cyprus (Northern Cyprus) are entirely in Southwest Asia but having socio-political connections with Europe. 8 Egypt is a transcontinental country in North Africa and the Middle East. Has a small part of its territory in the Middle East called Sinai peninsula. 9 Partially recognized. Immigration law