Viktor Zemskov
| Viktor Nikolaevich Zemskov | |
|---|---|
| Born | Soviet Union |
| Residence | Moscow |
| Citizenship |
 Russia |
| Nationality | Russian |
| Fields | History |
| Institutions | the Institute of Russian History |
| Known for | his studies on political repression in the USSR |
Viktor Nikolaevich Zemskov (Russian: Ви́ктор Никола́евич Земско́в) is a Russian historian, doctor (habil.) of historical sciences (2005), research associate of the Institute of Russian History.[1] He is a specialist on the Gulag.[2] Zemskov has revealed in detail the secret-police statistics about the Gulag, resolving many disputes among western historians about the number of people affected by political repression in the Soviet Union.[3]
In 1981, he defended his candidate’s (Ph.D.) thesis “Contribution by working class to strengthening the material-technical base of agriculture in the USSR in the 1960s.”[1] In 1989, he joined the commission of the History Department of the USSR Academy of Sciences led by its corresponding member Yuri Polyakov to determine population losses and received access to statistical reports made by the OGPU-NKVD-MGB-MVD and kept in the Central State Archive of the October Revolution (CSAOR) renamed the State Archive of the Russian Federation.[4][5] According to Leonid Lopatnikov, Zemskov was the only historian admitted to the archives for the reports, and later the archives were again "closed."[6]
Between 1990 and 1992, he published the first precise statistical data on the Gulag which were based on the Gulag archives.[7]
However, his papers were criticized by Sergei Maksudov. In Maksudov's opinion, Lev Razgon and his followers including Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn did not envisage the total number of the camps very well and markedly exaggerated their size. At the same time, from their experience, they knew something extraordinarily important about the Archipelago, its diabolical anti-human nature. On the other hand, Viktor Zemskov, who published many documents by the NKVD and KGB, is very far from understanding of the Gulag essence and the nature of socio-political processes in the country. Without distinguishing the degree of accuracy and reliability of certain figures, without making a critical analysis of sources, without comparing new data with already known information, Zemskov absolutizes the published materials by presenting them as the ultimate truth. As a result, his attempts to make generalized statements with reference to a particular document, as a rule, do not hold water.[8]
In response, Zemskov wrote that the charge that Zemskov allegedly did not compare new data with already known information could not be called fair. In his words, the trouble with most western writers is that they do not benefit from such comparisons. Zemskov added that when he tried not to overuse the juxtaposition of new information with “old” one, it was only because of a sense of delicacy, not to once again psychologically traumatize the researchers whose works used incorrect figures, as it turned out after the publication of the statistics by the OGPU-NKVD-MGB-MVD.[4]
In 2005, Zemskov defended his doctoral thesis “Special settlers in the USSR. 1930–1960.”[1]
Publications
- ГУЛАГ (историко-социологический аспект) // Социологические исследования. 1991. № 7. С. 3–16.
- ГУЛАГ (историко-социологический аспект) // Социологические исследования. 1991. № 6. С. 10–27.
- Демография заключенных, спецпоселенцев и ссыльных (30-е — 50-е годы) // Мир России. 1999. Т. VIII. № 4. С. 114–124.
- К вопросу о масштабах репрессий в СССР // Социологические исследования. 1995. № 9. С. 118–127.
- Об учете спецконтингента НКВД во всесоюзных переписях населения 1937 и 1939 гг. // Социологические исследования. 1991. № 2. С. 74–75.
- Репатриация советских граждан и их дальнейшая судьба (1944—1956 гг.) // Социологические исследования. 1995. № 6. С. 3–13.
- Репатриация советских граждан и их дальнейшая судьба (1944—1956 гг.) // Социологические исследования. May 1995. № 5. С. 3–13.
- Рождение «Второй эмиграции» (1944—1952) // Социологические исследования. 1991. № 4. С. 3–24.
- Спецпоселенцы (по документам НКВД-МВД СССР) // Социологические исследования. 1990. № 11. С. 3–17.
- Судьба «кулацкой ссылки» в послевоенное время // Социологические исследования. 1992. № 8. С. 18–37.
- «Кулацкая ссылка» накануне и в годы Великой отечественной войны // Социологические исследования. 1992. № 2. С. 3–26.
- Политические репрессии в СССР (1917–1990 гг.). // Россия ХХI, 1994, № 1–2. С. 107–124.
Books
- Спецпоселенцы в СССР, 1930–1960. — Москва: Наука, 2005, 306 страниц, ISBN 5-02-010315-2
- Сталин и народ. Почему не было восстания. — Москва: Алгоритм, 2014. — 239 страниц, ISBN 978-5-4438-0677-8
Video
- Video containing an interview with Viktor Zemskov about statistics of political repression in the USSR (in English) on YouTube
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Viktor Zemskov on the website of the Institute of Russian History
- ↑ Klimkova, Oxana (Winter 2007). "Special Settlements in Soviet Russia in the 1930s-50s". Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 8 (1): 105–139. doi:10.1353/kri.2007.0009. ISSN 1538-5000.
- ↑ "A History of Twentieth-Century Russia. Critical Compassion to the Russian Revolution". The Economist 346: 85. 1998.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Земсков, Виктор (1995). "К вопросу о масштабах репрессий в СССР". Социологические исследования (№ 9): 118–127. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
- ↑ Земсков, Виктор (1994). "Политические репрессии в СССР (1917–1990 гг.).". Россия XXI (№ 1–2): 107–124. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
- ↑ Лопатников, Леонид (2009). "К дискуссиям о статистике "Большого террора"". Вестник Европы (№ 26–27). Retrieved 12 January 2014.
- ↑ Rousso, Henry; Golsan, Richard (2004). Stalinism and nazism: history and memory compared. U of Nebraska Press. p. 92. ISBN 0-8032-9000-4.
- ↑ Максудов, Сергей (1995). "О публикациях в журнале "Социс"". Социологические исследования (№ 9): 114–118. Retrieved 17 August 2011.