Vienna 1882 chess tournament

The winners of the tournament: Szymon Winawer and Wilhelm Steinitz.

The second international Vienna 1882 chess tournament was one of the longest and strongest chess tournaments ever played.^[1] According to the unofficial Chessmetrics ratings, the tournament was (as of March 2005) the strongest tournament in history, on the basis that nine of the ten top players in the world participated, including all of the top eight.^[2]

The Vienna Chess Society was formed in October 1857, and this tournament played from 10 May to 24 June 1882 was held on the occasion of its 25th anniversary. The main sponsors were Ignác Kolisch and the club's president Albert Salomon von Rothschild, who together donated 7500 francs to be split over the top six. Franz Joseph I of Austria was the patron of the event, who also donated a special prize of 2000 Austrian Gulden (Kaiserpreis). The time control was 15 moves per hour, with a 2 hour break after 4 hours. Games not completed after eight hours of play were adjourned to be finished on the rest day.^[3]^[4]

The tournament was played as a double round-robin tournament and suffered a number of withdrawals in the second tour. Noa withdrew after the first round of the second tour, Fleissig, Bird, Schwarz and Wittek also lost games by default.^[5] The event was won by Wilhelm Steinitz and Szymon Winawer, who decided to share the first prize after they each won a play-off game. The special prize was awarded to Zukertort for the best performance against the top three. On May 12, Steinitz drew a game with Mackenzie, thus ending the longest winning streak in chess history. Steinitz at the time had won 25 consecutive games, the last draw he conceded was nine years earlier, on August 3 in the Vienna 1873 tournament.^[3] After this Steinitz would lose three consecutive games to Zukertort, Hruby, and Ware.^[6]

Vienna 1882, *Second International Chess Tournament*
#	Player	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	Total
1	Wilhelm Steinitz (United Kingdom)/ Bohemia	**	1½	½½	0½	½1	10	½½	11	01	1½	01	10	11	11	11	01	11	11	24.0
2	Szymon Winawer (Russian Empire)/ Poland	0½	**	00	1½	0½	10	11	10	01	1½	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	01	24.0
3	James Mason (United Kingdom)/ Ireland	½½	11	**	0½	½1	½½	½½	11	11	10	01	11	½1	1½	0½	11	01	½1	23.0
4	Johannes Hermann Zukertort (German Empire)/ Poland	1½	0½	1½	**	½½	0½	0½	11	11	00	11	01	01	11	11	11	11	01	22.5
5	George Henry Mackenzie (United States)/ Scotland	½0	1½	½0	½½	**	10	½1	1½	½0	11	11	01	01	11	10	1½	11	11	22.5
6	Joseph Henry Blackburne (United Kingdom)/ England	01	01	½½	1½	01	**	½½	0½	10	01	10	11	1½	11	10	11	01	11	21.5
7	Berthold Englisch (Austria-Hungary)/ Czech Silesia	½½	00	½½	1½	½0	½½	**	11	½0	½½	½½	0½	½½	01	11	11	11	½1	19.5
8	Louis Paulsen (German Empire)/ Germany	00	01	00	00	0½	1½	00	**	½½	½1	½1	11	½1	½1	½1	11	½1	½1	18.5
9	Alexander Wittek (Austria-Hungary)/ Croatia	10	10	00	00	½1	01	½1	½½	**	½0	01	10	½½	½½	½1	1½	½1	11	18.0
10	Max Weiss (Austria-Hungary)/ Hungary	0½	0½	01	11	00	10	½½	½0	½1	**	0½	11	0½	0½	01	00	11	11	16.5
11	Vincenz Hruby (Austria-Hungary)/ Bohemia	10	00	10	00	00	01	½½	½0	10	1½	**	10	½½	11	01	10	01	11	16.0
12	Mikhail Chigorin (Russian Empire) Russia	01	00	00	10	10	00	1½	00	01	00	01	**	11	00	11	1½	01	01	14.0
13	Adolf Schwarz (Austria-Hungary)/ Hungary	00	00	½0	10	10	0½	½½	½0	½½	1½	½½	00	**	½0	11	½0	01	11	14.0
14	Philipp Meitner (Austria-Hungary)/ Austria	00	00	0½	00	00	00	10	½0	½½	1½	00	11	½1	**	01	01	01	11	13.0
15	Henry Edward Bird (United Kingdom)/ England	00	00	1½	00	01	01	00	½0	½0	10	10	00	00	10	**	11	½1	01	12.0
16	Preston Ware (United States)	10	00	00	00	0½	00	00	00	0½	11	01	0½	½1	10	00	**	01	11	11.0
17	Josef Noa (Austria-Hungary)/ Hungary	00	00	10	00	00	10	00	½0	½0	00	10	10	10	10	½0	10	**	½0	9.0
18	Bernhard Fleissig (Austria-Hungary)/ Hungary	00	10	½0	10	00	00	½0	½0	00	00	00	10	00	00	10	00	½1	**	7.0