Video denoising

Video denoising is the process of removing noise from a video signal. Video denoising methods can be divided into:

Spatial video denoising methods, where image noise reduction is applied to each frame individually.
Temporal video denoising methods, where noise between frames is reduced. Motion compensation may be used to avoid ghosting artifacts when blending together pixels from several frames.
Spatial-Temporal video denoising methods use a combination of spatial and temporal denoising. This is often referred to as 3D denoising.^[1]

Video denoising methods are designed and tuned for specific types of noise. Typical video noise types are following:

Analog noise
- Radio channel artifacts
  - High frequency interference (dots, short horizontal color lines, etc.)
  - Brightness and color channel interference (problems with antenna)
  - Video reduplication – false contouring appearance
- VHS artifacts
  - Color-specific degradation
  - Brightness and color channel interference (specific type for VHS)
  - Chaotic line shift at the end of frame (lines resync signal misalignment)
  - Wide horizontal noise strips (old VHS or obstruction of magnetic heads)
- Film artifacts (see also Film preservation)
  - Dust, dirt, spray
  - Scratches
  - Curling (emulsion exfoliation)
  - Fingerprints
Digital noise
- Blocking – low bitrate artifacts
- Ringing – low and medium bitrates artifact especially on animated cartoons
- Blocks (slices) damage in case of losses in digital transmission channel or disk injury (scratches on DVD)

Different suppression methods are used to remove all these artifacts from video.

References