Venezuelan Army
National Army of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Ejército Nacional de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela | |
---|---|
Venezuelan Army Emblem | |
Active |
19 April 1810 – present (205 years, 1 month) |
Country | Venezuela |
Branch | Army of Venezuela |
Role | To protect and guaranty the permanent sovereignty of the nation against any external, or internal threats. |
Size | 120,000 (2010) |
Part of | Under the Ministry of the People's Power for Defense |
Patron | Our Lady of Mount Carmel |
Motto | "Forger of liberties" |
Colors | Blue, Red |
Anniversaries | June 24, Army Day and anniversary of the Battle of Carabobo |
Engagements | |
Commanders | |
Minister of the People's Power for Defense of the Republic of Venezuela and Commandant of the Operational Strategic Command of the National Armed Forces | General-in-Chief Vladimir Padrino López |
Commanding General, Venezuelan Army | Major General Gerardo Izquierdo Torres |
Inspector General, Venezuelan Army | Divisional General Luis Medina Fernandez |
Chief of Staff, Venezuelan Army | Divisional General Jesus Alberto Milano Mendoza |
Notable commanders | |
Insignia | |
Flag |
The National Army of Venezuela is one of the four professional branches of the Armed Forces of the Bolivian Republic of Venezuela It has the responsibility for land-based operations against external, or internal threats that may put the sovereignty of the nation at risk.
It is the largest military branch of Venezuela and the second in Latin America, which in 24 June 1821 won a huge military victory against the Empire of Spain, which led to the independence of the nation. It later contributed to the independence of the present-day countries of Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Bolivia.
Mission and vision
Its mission, as the ground forces of the National Armed Forces of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is to:
- Secure the ground defenses of the nation,
- Contribute to the establishment of democratic institutions and build up respect and full compliance to the laws of the Republic as mandated,
- Support national development and integration,
- And to participate in programs of international cooperation and peacekeeping.
Its vision statement is as follows:
We are the Army that supports freedom, today based on loyalty, discipline, skills, backed by a constant training routine, constant administration and the vigilance in our excellent operative skills. To achieve these ends we shall guarantee ourselves the fulfillment of our highest functions: National military defense and security.
Functions of the Army
In accordance with the Article 9 of the National Armed Forces Organic Law as amended, the functions of the Army are to
- Organize, train and equip units for ground forces operations
- Establish doctrines for the various operations it has to undertake
- Participate in military mobilization programs
- Maintain the national borders
- And actively achieve readiness to develop technologies and scientifically advances for the advancement of national defense
Official hymn
Spanish lyrics
Chorus
- Adelante marchemos, valientes, al combate y al rudo fragor
- por la patria muy altas las frentes, despleguemos pujanza y valor.
- Por la patria muy altas las frentes, despleguemos pujanza y valor.
- Nuestra sangre es la savia del pueblo y en el pueblo se plasma en canción
- es la rosa más pura del viento que en la historia da brillo a la acción,
- En las aguas, el aire y la tierra la victoria es el alba inmortal,
- si sublime es el triunfo en la guerra, preservemos la gloria y la paz.
Chorus
- Y si el brazo extranjero se atreve a infamar de este suelo el honor
- antes muerte mil veces nos llegue que rendirnos al torpe invasor,
- pues de todas las patrias que el cielo diera al hombre en morada de amor,
- es la nuestra el más hondo desvelo en el sueño de un mundo mejor.
Chorus
Organization
The Venezuelan Army is divided into 4 main commands and 6 army divisions as well as other independent units reporting to Headquarters, Venezuelan Army. The Army's Air Defense Artillery Brigades also report directly, as part of the Venezuelan Air Force Air Defense Forces Command, to the Operational Strategic Command for national defense purposes in air defense matters.
Army major commands
Army General Command
- Army Headquarters
- Army HQ Escort and Security Battalion "Lieutenant General Daniel Florence O'Leary"
- Army General Staff
- Army Inspector General's Office
Army Logistics Command
- Command HQ
- Command HQ Company
- Inspectoriate General
- Adjutant General's Corps
- Acquisitions Office
- Army Ministers Reception Center
- Army Armaments Corps
- Army Intendancy
- Army Medical Department
- Army Transportation Corps
- Army Communications Corps
- Army Engineers Service
- 82nd Logistics Support Regiment
- 83rd Logistics Support Command
- 84th Logistics Support Command
Army Aviation Command
- Command HQ
- Command, Service and Logistics Company
- Helicopter Battalion
- Fixed Wing Air Battalion
- Special Reconnaissance Battalion
- Multipurpose Helicopter Battalion
- Army Aviation Maintenance Center
- Army Aviation School
- Army Aviation Center of Administration
- Army Aviation Flight Simulation and Instruction Center
Army divisions and corps
1st Infantry Division
- HQ Battalion
- 11th Armored Brigade[1]
- 12th Caribbean Ranger Brigade
- 13th Infantry Brigade
- 14th Mechanized Infantry Brigade
- 19th Western Air Defense Artillery Brigade
- 107th Special Operations Battalion "General in Chief Jose Gregorio Monagas"
2nd Infantry Division
- HQ Battalion
- 21st Motorized Infantry Brigade
- 22nd Mountain Infantry Brigade
- 23rd Development and Security Brigade
- 24th Light Infantry Brigade
- 25th Mechanized Infantry Brigade
- 29th Plains Air Defense Artillery Brigade
- 205th Divisional Combat Engineering Battalion
- Military Police Company
The 79th Andes Air Defense Artillery Brigade reports directly to the Operational Strategic Command, while being in the 2ID's territorial jurisdiction.
3rd Infantry Division
- HQ Battalion
- 31st Mechanized Infantry Brigade "Major General Lucas Carvajal"
- 32nd Caribbean Ranger Brigade "General-in-Chief José Antonio Páez"[2]
- 33rd Combat Communications Brigade
- 35th Military Police Brigade "General Jose de San Martin" [3]
- 39th Central Air Defense Artillery Brigade "Colonel Juan Perez Ovalles"
- 302nd Motorized Cavalry Group "Major General Juan Pablo Ayala"
- 305th Combat Engineers Battalion
4th Armored Division
- HQ Battalion
- 41st Armored Brigade
- 42nd Airborne Brigade
- 43rd Field Artillery Brigade "Grand Marshal of Ayacucho Antonio Jose de Sucre" [4][5][6]
- 44th Light Armored Brigade
- 49th Air Defense Artillery Brigade
- 402nd Anti-tank Artillery Battalion "Major General Ezequiel Zamora"
- 405th Combat Engineers Battalion
- 432nd Combat Training Center "Lieutenant General Gabriel Laurencio Silva"
5th Jungle Infantry Division
- HQ Battalion
- 5002th Maintenance and Services Coy.
- 51st Jungle Infantry Brigade
- 52nd Jungle Infantry Brigade
- 53rd Jungle Infantry Brigade
- 59th Air Defense Artillery Brigade
- 505th Combat Engineers Battalion
- 509th Special Operations Battalion (Jungle) "Colonel Domingo Montes"
- 508th Service Support Battalion
- 507th Communications Battalion
9th Cavalry Division
- Division HQ
- HQ Squadron
- 91st Cavalry Brigade "Major General Pedro Perez Delgado"
- 92nd Caribbean Ranger Brigade
- 93rd Caribbean Ranger Brigade (Mechanized)
6th Corps of Engineers
- Corps HQ
- HQ Battalion
- 60th Engineers Training Brigade
- 61st Construction and Maintenance Regiment
- 62nd Construction and Maintenance Regiment
- 63rd Construction and Maintenance Regiment
- 64th Railroad Engineering Brigade
Equipment
Infantry weapons
Assault Rifles | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Russia | Kalashnikov AK-103[7] | AK-103 | 100,000+[7] Purchased in 2006 with ammunition for $52 million. Two contracts signed in 2006 for $474.6 million to produce AK-103s.[7]Standard issue battle rifle. | ||||
Russia | Kalashnikov AKM[7] | AKM | 100,000+[7] Purchased in 2005. Standard issue assault rifle | ||||
Belgium | FN FAL | FAL | 150,000- | ||||
Belgium | FN FNC | FNC | 15.000- | ||||
Machine Gun | |||||||
Belgium | FN MINIMI | MINIMI | Unknown number | ||||
Belgium | FN MAG | MAG | Unknown number | ||||
United States of America | M60 machine gun | M60 | Unknown number | ||||
Sub MachineGun | |||||||
Germany | H&K MP5 | MP5 | Unknown number | ||||
Israel | IMI UZI | UZI | Unknown number | ||||
Belgium | FN P90 | P90 | Unknown number | ||||
Pistol | |||||||
Austria | Glock 17 | Glock | Unknown number | ||||
Belgium | Browning Hi-Power | HP | Unknown number | ||||
DMRs and Sniper Rifles | |||||||
United States of America | M14 rifle | M14 | 15.000- | ||||
United States of America | M700 rifle | M700 | 15.000- | ||||
Russia | SVD | SVD | 15.000- | ||||
Portable Anti-Materiel Weapons | |||||||
Sweden | Bofors RBS-70 | RBS-70 | Unknown number | ||||
Russia | 9K338 Igla-S (SA-24 Grinch) | 9K338 Igla-S | Unknown number | ||||
Russia | RPG 7 | RPG 7 | Unknown number | ||||
Artillery
Air Defense Artillery | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Russia | S-300VM | Transportable anti-ballistic missile system | 1 in service with 11 on order | ||||
Russia | BUK-M2 | Medium range surface-to-air missile | 3 [8] | ||||
Russia | S-125 Pechora-2M | Strategic surface-to-air missile | 11 mobile missile systems | ||||
Russia | Tor M-1 | Tracked surface-to-air missile system | 12 already in service[9] with 12 to be delivered [10] for a total of 24[11] | ||||
Russia | ZU-23-2 | Twin 23mm AA | 300[12] units on order from Russia. Zom 1-4 version.[13] Automatic target tracking (mechanism + control electronics), laser rangefinder and optical radar + infrared radar.[14] | ||||
Field Artillery - Multiple Rocket Launchers | |||||||
Russia | BM-21 Grad | Multiple rocket launcher | 52[15] | ||||
Russia | BM-30 Smerch | Multiple rocket launcher | 12 | ||||
France | AMX-13/LAR-160 160mm | Multiple rocket launcher | 25 units in storage | ||||
Field Artillery - Field Guns and Mortars | |||||||
France | Thomson Brandt MO-120 | 120mm mortar | Unknown number, also used by the National Militia | ||||
Russia | 2S12 Sani | 120mm mortar | Unknown number | ||||
Russia | 2S23 | 120mm self-propelled mortar | 13 units | ||||
USA | M114 155 mm howitzer | 155 mm howitzer | 24 units | ||||
USA | M101A1 105mm howitzer | 105mm howitzer | 40 units | ||||
Italy | OTO Melara M-56 105mm howitzer | 105mm howitzer | 50 units | ||||
Russia | 2S19 Msta-S | 152mm self propelled howitzer | 47 units | ||||
France | AMX-13/Mle F.3155mm | 155mm self propelled howitzer | 10 units, Being phased out by the 2S19 Msta-S, one already modernized | ||||
Vehicles
MWV | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Venezuela |
Tiuna | Light utility vehicle | Unknown number | ||||
Austria | Pinzgauer High Mobility All-Terrain Vehicle | multipurpose military vehicle | 244 Units | ||||
Japan | Toyota Land Cruiser (J70) | multipurpose military vehicle | Unknown number (produced locally and imported) | ||||
Trucks | |||||||
USA Switzerland |
M35 Fenix | 6x6 cargo truck | Unknown number | ||||
USA | M-35/A2 Reo | 6x6 cargo truck | Unknown number | ||||
USA | Chevrolet Kodiak 7A15 | Kodiak 7A15 | Unknown number | ||||
Germany | MAN 20.280D | MAN 20.280D 6x6 cargo truck | Unknown number | ||||
Russia | Ural-4320 | 6x6 cargo truck | Unknown number | ||||
Russia | Ural-375D | 6x6 cargo truck | Unknown number | ||||
Italy | IVECO/Fiat 90PM16 | 8x8 cargo truck | Unknown number | ||||
Armoured Vehicles | |||||||
Russia | T-72B1V[7] | Main battle tank | 192+[7] 92 T-72B1V MBTs delivered as of March 2012 from Moscow.Equipment to Venezuela acquired from $2.2 billion loan secured by Chavez' government in 2010. 100 more purchased in 2012. | ||||
France | AMX-30 | Main battle tank | 84 units. The AMX-30s and AMX-13C.90s are being phased out by the T-72s, but an upgrading program for them is underway.[16] | ||||
France | AMX-13C.90 | Light tank | 36 units | ||||
UK | Scorpion 90FV-101 | Light tank | 78 units | ||||
Russia | BMP-3[7] | Infantry fighting vehicles | 130 BMP-3M, 10 BREM-L and some BMP-K ordered, first deliveries in 2011,[17] | ||||
Russia | BTR-80A[7] | Armored personnel carrier | 114 BTR-80A ordered in 2009.<[17] | ||||
France | AMX-13 Rafaga | Light tank | Unknown number | ||||
France | AMX-13 VTT-VCI | Light tank and armored personnel carrier | 75 units (derivatives are used for ambulance, vehicle recovery, artillery designation and command post roles) (25 VTT/VCI, 10 VTT/LT, 20 VTT/PM, 12 VTT/PC, 8 VTT/TB) | ||||
France | Panhard AML S 530 | Armored scout car | 10[17] | ||||
USA | Dragoon 300 LFV2 | Armored car | 42 units (derivatives are used for ambulance, vehicle recovery, artillery designation and command post roles), to be modernized[18] | ||||
USA | Dragoon AFV | Armored car | 59 units in storage (25 APC, 21 PM, 11 P, 2 R) | ||||
USA | V-100/V-150 Commando | Armored personnel carrier | 80 units in storage (50 LAV-100, 30 LAV-150) | ||||
Germany | TPz Fuchs | Armored personnel carrier | 10 units | ||||
Aircraft
Helicopters
Aircraft | Origin | Type | Versions | In service[19] | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mil Mi-35 | Russia | Attack helicopter | Mil Mi-35M2 Caribe | 10 | |
Mil Mi-17 | Russia | Transport helicopter | Kazan Mi-17V-5 Panare | 18 | Two losses in accidents |
Mil Mi-26 | Russia | Heavy lift transport helicopter | Mil Mi-26T2 Pemon | 3 | |
Bell 205 | USA | Transport helicopter | Bell 205A-1/UH-1H Huey | 10 | being phased out (six UH-1H; four 205A-1) |
Bell 206 | USA | Transport/training helicopter | Bell 206B Jet Ranger | 4 | 2 transport, 2 training |
Bell 412 | USA | Transport helicopter | Bell 412HP/SP | 10 | Two B412SP; eight B412HP |
Sikorsky S-61 | USA | Transport helicopter | Agusta-Sikorsky AS-61SD Sea King | 3 | being modernized |
Fixed wing
Aircraft | Origin | Type | Versions | In service[19] | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IAI Arava | Israel | Light utility transport | 4 | ||
Beechcraft Super King Air | USA | Transport | 2 | ||
PZL M28 | Poland | Light transport | 11 | ENBV0063 crashed in 2010 | |
According to the handbook Military Balance (formally - iiss.org), which is publishes an annual report on all weapons systems in all countries, the Army Air Defense Artillery units already receieved 18 Pechora 2M, 200 ZU 23-2ZOM1-4 and 12 (Air Force) Tor-M1.
Commanding Generals of the Army
Commanding Generals of the Venezuelan Army | |||
Commanding General | Term in office | ||
---|---|---|---|
MGEN Francisco Rodríguez del Toro | April 1810- July 1811 | ||
Generalissimo Francisco de Miranda | Jul 1811 - Aug. 1812 | ||
Office of Commanding General of the Army was vacant from 1812 to January 1813. | |||
GEN Santiago Mariño | Jan. 1813 - Jun. 1813 | ||
GEN Simón Bolívar (first term) | May 1813 - Dec 1814 | ||
Office of Commanding General of the Army was vacant from December 1814 to May 1815. | |||
General in Chief José Tadeo Monagas | May 1815 | ||
Office of Commanding General of the Army was vacant from May 1815 to May 1816. | |||
GEN Simón Bolívar (second term) | May 1816 - Aug. 1821 | ||
GEN Carlos Soublette | Ago. 1821 - Dic. 1822 | ||
GEN José Antonio Páez | Dec. 1822 - Jan 1847 | ||
General in Chief José Tadeo Monagas (2nd term) | May 1847 - May 1858 | ||
GEN Santiago Mariño (acting) | Jun 1848 - August 1848 | ||
GEN Julián Castro | March 1858 - August 1859 (acting till May 1858) | ||
GEN Pedro E. Ramos | Aug 1859 - Dec 1859 | ||
GEN León de Febres Cordero | Dec 1859 - May 1861 | ||
GEN José Antonio Páez (2nd term) | May 1861 - Jul 1863 | ||
GEN Juan Crisóstomo Falcón | Jul. 1863 - April 1868 | ||
GEN León Colina (acting) | 1864 | ||
GEN Antonio Guzmán Blanco (acting) | 1866 | ||
GEN Manuel Ezequiel Bruzual | April 1868 - Jul. 1868 | ||
GEN José Tadeo Monagas (3rd term) | Jul. 1868 - Nov. 1868 | ||
GEN Juan Antonio Sotillo | Nov. 1868 - May 1869 | ||
GEN José Ruperto Monagas | May 1869 - April 1870 | ||
GEN Antonio Guzmán Blanco (2nd term) | April 1870 - Feb. 1877 | ||
GEN Francisco Linares Alcántara | Feb. 1877 - Feb. 1879 | ||
GEN José Gregorio Valera | Nov. 1878 - Feb. 1879 (acting till early February of 1879) | ||
GEN José Gregorio Cedeño | Feb. 1879 (acting, served 12 days) | ||
GEN Antonio Guzmán Blanco (3rd term) | Feb. 1879 - May 1884 | ||
GEN Joaquín Crespo | May 1884 - April 1886 | ||
GEN Antonio Guzmán Blanco (4th term) | April 1886 - August 1887 | ||
GEN Hermógenes López | August 1887 - June 1888 | ||
Doctor Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl | Jul. 1888 - Mar. 1890 | ||
Doctor Raimundo Andueza Palacio | Mar. 1890 - Oct. 1892 | ||
GEN Joaquín Crespo (2nd term) | Oct. 1892 - Feb. 1898 | ||
LTGEN Ignacio Andrade | Feb. 1898 - Oct. 1899 | ||
LTGEN Cipriano Castro | Oct. 1899 - Nov. 1908 | ||
LTGEN Juan Vicente Gómez | Nov. 1908 - Dec. 1935 | ||
LTGEN Eleazar López Contreras | Dec. 1935 - May 1941 | ||
MGEN Isaías Medina Angarita | May 1941 - Oct 1945 | ||
LTCOL Carlos Delgado Chalbaud | Oct. 1945 - Nov. 1948 | ||
LTCOL (later COL, BRIG and MGEN) Marcos Pérez Jiménez | Nov. 1948 - Aug 1954 | ||
BRIG Hugo Fuentes | Aug 1954 - Dec. 1957 | ||
BRIG Rafael Virgilio Vivas | Dec. 1957 - Jan. 1958 | ||
Office of Commanding General of the Army was vacant from January 1958 to January 1959. | |||
BRIG Marco A. Moros A. | Jan 1959 - Feb. 1960 | ||
MGEN Pedro J. Quevedo D. | Feb. 1960 - Jul. 1964 | ||
BRIG Pablo A. Flores A. | Jul. 1964 - Ene. 1968 | ||
MGEN Roberto Morean Soto | Ene. 1968 - Feb. 1970 | ||
MGEN Víctor M. Maldonado | Feb. 1970 - Sep. 1971 | ||
MGEN Homero I. Leal T. | Sep. 1971 - Feb. 1973 | ||
BRIG Juan Manuel Sucre Figarella | Feb. 1973 - April 1974 | ||
MGEN Manuel I. Bereciartu P. | Apr. 1974 - Oct. 1975 | ||
MGEN Víctor M. Molino V. | Oct. 1975 - Jun. 1977 | ||
MGEN Ernesto Brandt T. | Jun. 1977 -Jun. 1978 | ||
MGEN Arnaldo Castro | Jun. 1978 - May 1979 | ||
MGENÁngel V. Berrio Brito | May 1979 - Jun. 1979 | ||
MGEN Tomás Abreu R. | Jun. 1979 - Jan. 1980 | ||
MGen Rafael G. Marín. G. | Jan. 1980 - Jun. 1981 | ||
MGEN Vicente L. Narváez O. | Jun. 1981 - Jun. 1982 | ||
MGEN Luis Octavio Romero | Jun. 1982 - Jun. 1983 | ||
MGEN Luís J. Silva Tirado | Jun. 1983 - Jun. 1984 | ||
MGEN José A. Olavarría | Jun. 1984 - Jun. 1985 | ||
MGEN José Humberto Vivas | Jun. 1985 - Jun. 1986 | ||
MGEN Elidoro A. Guerrero | Jun. 1986 - Jun. 1987 | ||
MGEN Italo del Valle Alliegro | Jun. 1987 - Jun. 1988 | ||
MGEN José María Troconis Peraza | Jun. 1988 - Jun. 1989 | ||
MGEN Carlos J. Peñaloza Z. | Jun. 1989 - Jun. 1991 | ||
MGEN Pedro. R. Rangel R. | Jun. 1991 - Jun. 1993 | ||
MGEN Jorge I. Tagliaferro De Lima | Jun. 1993 - Jan 1994 | ||
MGENMoisés A. Orozco Graterol | Feb 1994 - Dec 1994 | ||
Office of Commanding General of the Army was vacant from December of 1994 to January the following year. | |||
MGEN Pedro N. Valencia V. | Jan. 1995 - Jul. 1996 | ||
MGEN Pedro Hernández G. | Jul. 1996 - Jul. 1997 | ||
MGEN Wilfredo J. Guerrero Z. | Jun. 1997 - Jul. 1998 | ||
MGEN Rubén M. Rojas Pérez | Jul. 1998 - Feb. 1999 | ||
MGEN Noel E. Martínez Ochoa | Feb. 1999 - Aug. 1999 | ||
MGEN Lucas Rincón Romero* | Aug. 1999 - Jun. 2001 | ||
MGEN Víctor A. Cruz Weffer | Jun. 2001 - Dec 2001 | ||
BRIG (later MGEN) Efraín Vásquez Velasco | Dec. 2001 - Apr. 2002 | ||
MGEN Julio J. García Montoya | April 2002 - Jan. 2003 | ||
MGEN Jorge Luis García Carneiro* | Jan. 2003 - Jan. 2004 | ||
MGENRaúl Isaías Baduel* | Jan. 2004 - Jul. 2006 | ||
MGEN Pedro Azuaje Apitz | Jul. 2006 - Jul. 2007 | ||
LTGEN Carlos José Mata Figueroa* | Jul. 2007 - Mar. 2009 | ||
LTGEN Juan Vicente Paredes Torrealba | Mar. 2009 - Jul. 2010 | ||
LTGEN Euclides Campos Aponte | Jul. 2010 - Jul. 2012 | ||
LTGEN Carlos Alcalá Cordones | Jul. 2012 - Jul. 2013 | ||
LTGEN Alexis Ascension López Ramírez | Jul. 2012 - Jul. 2014 | ||
LTGEN Gerardo Izquierdo Torres | Jul. 2014 - Present |
(*): Marks promotion to the rank of full General (and appointment as Minister of Defense) after serving term as Commanding General of the Army
References
- ↑ http://www.venezueladefensa.com/2010/08/el-ejercito-de-venezuela-dispondra-de.html
- ↑ http://www.eloriental.com.ve/site/noticias.asp?seccion=sucesos&fecha=20110901¶metro=20110901223311
- ↑ http://diariovea.com.ve/politica/asume-funciones-nuevo-comandante-de-la-3a-division-de-infanteria-del-ejercito
- ↑ http://www.infodefensa.com/?noticia=la-43%C2%AA-brigada-de-artilleria-del-ejercito-venezolano-se-potencia-con-nuevas-unidades-y-material-ruso
- ↑ http://www.venezueladefensa.com/2011/03/bm-30-smerch-en-el-marco-de-su-plan-de.html
- ↑ http://www.venezueladefensa.com/2010/08/el-ejercito-de-venezuela-dispondra-de.html
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 "Ejército Bolivariano / Ejército de Venezuela Ground Forces or Army Fuerzas Terrestres or Ejercito". Global Security. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
- ↑ "Trade Registers". Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ↑ "Hugo Chávez agradece a Rusia por suministrar a Venezuela “el armamento más moderno del mundo”". Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ↑ "Венесуэла не хочет судьбы Ливии". Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ↑ "/". Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ↑ http://vpk.name/news/93214_venesuelskii_oreshek.html
- ↑ http://vpk.name/news/57131_vs_venesuelyi_sformirovali_eshe_odnu_gruppu_zenitnoi_artillerii_osnashennuyu_zu23zom14.html
- ↑ http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/mainnews/2011/0719/10088911/detail.shtml
- ↑ "The Russian BM-21 Grad MLRS". TankNutDave. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
- ↑ http://www.fav-club.com/el-ejercito-de-venezuela-va-a-repotenciar-sus-tanques-amx-30v/
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade
- ↑ http://www.fav-club.com/el-ejercito-de-venezuela-moderniza-sus-vehiculos-blindados-dragoon/
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 World Air Forces 2013 - Flightglobal.com, pg 30, December 11, 2012
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Army of Venezuela. |
- (Spanish) Sitio oficial del Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Defensa de Venezuela
- (Spanish) Sitio oficial del Ejército Libertador (Venezuela)
- (Spanish) Sitio oficial de la Aviación del Ejército del Venezuela
- Latin American Light Weapons National Inventories
- AtenLoco