Van Tuyl

Van Tuyl is the surname of the Dutch family from which many North American Van Tuyls, Van Tuyles, Van Tyls and Van Tyles are descended. The family name derives from the ancient village of Tuil (Tuÿl), in the central Netherlands. The family's earliest proven ancestor is the 14th-century knight Heer Ghijsbrecht van Tuyl of Gelre.[1] This family is distinct from the Van Tuyll van Serooskerken family.

Wapen [Coat of Arms] for the Gelderse Noble family Van Tuyl, as it appeared in the Church of Tuil, 1993. Though it may well predate him, the earliest known user of this Wapen [1368] was Heer Ghijsbrecht van Tuyl, patriarch of the family van Tuyl.

History

Netherlands

1300-1549

Fourteenth century records document seven Van Tuyls—all vassals of the Duke of Gelre—living in manor houses near the River Linge and River Waal. Several lived at or near the village of Tuil, several others are associated with the villages of Enspijk, Deil, Tricht, and Est. One of this latter group, Heer Ghijsbrecht van Tuyl, was a knight in service to Edward, Duke of Gelre. Ghijsbrecht had at least six sons, but the only documented line of descent leading to today's Van Tuyls runs from Ghijsbrecht through his son Arnt, as shown:

Ancestor Dates Home[s] Title[s]
Heer Ghijsbrecht van Tuyl [2] Before 1345 – 1376/83 Deil; Tricht Knight, Vassal of the Duke of Gelre
Arnt van Tuyl [3] Before 1383 – after 1442 Castle Oyen; Veluwe Servant to the Duke of Gelre
Reyner van Tuyl [4] Before 1436 – 1465/70 Est Squire, Local Heer
Sander van Tuyl [5] Before 1444 – ca. 1527 Brakel Schout of Brakel
Reyner van Tuyl [6] Before 1496 – after 1539 Brakel Schout of Brakel
Sander van Tuyl [7] Before 1539 – 1564 Brakel Alderman, High Bench of Zuilichem
Jan Sandersz van Tuyl [8] Before 1564 – 1617 Brakel; Gameren Alderman, High Bench of Zuilichem [9]

As the feudal system started to unwind in the 15th century, the Van Tuyls gradually descended to the ranks of the common people. Sander van Tuyl moved south of the River Waal in mid-century, to the village of Brakel (Gelderland), where he and his descendants operated family farms and assumed positions of civic leadership for four generations. At the end of this period, in 1586, Jan Sandersz van Tuyl married and moved to the village of Gameren, where his nominal descendants today comprise a significant portion of the populace.

1550-1899

Philip II of Spain, the Catholic Emperor, took control of the Low Countries in 1555, just as the Protestant Reformation gained momentum. In the early years of the Eighty Years War, Zaltbommel, the strategic city near Gameren, was twice besieged by the Spanish. During this period of military and religious strife, the Van Tuyls converted from Catholicism to Calvinist Protestantism, the faith embraced by the House of Orange. In 1600, when Prince Maurits of Orange drove the Spanish from the area, the Van Tuyls and their Gameren neighbors had suffered the ravages of war and occupation for over 25 years.

The official end of the Eighty Years War in 1648 ushered in the Dutch Golden Age. But an agricultural depression, coupled with flooding in 1651, 1658, and 1662 had driven the Gameren Van Tuyls into bankruptcy. It fell to two of Jan Sandersz van Tuyl's grandsons, Geerlof Otten and Jan Aertszen, to rebuild the family and its fortunes, which they and their descendants did throughout the 18th century, despite multiple floods and French invasions in 1672 and 1796. All in all, the 18th century was good to the Van Tuyls for two main reasons: long periods without war and successful farming of the potato.

While the Netherlands got caught up in the 19th century's industrial revolution, and Americans moved west to cultivate more and more land, the Van Tuyls and their neighbors were forced to subdivide their farms in order to support inheritance claims. And when the potato blight of the 1840s hit, agriculture was devastated, driving many Dutch to emigrate to America. But the Van Tuyls stayed put, many of them reverting to subsistence agriculture, day labor, and brick factory jobs for the rest of the 19th century. As they entered the 20th century, Gameren's Van Tuyls were much worse off than their American cousins.

United States

Emigration to America

In 1662, young farmer Jan Otten van Tuyl, a grandson of Jan Sandersz van Tuyl, killed a man in a tavern knife fight and subsequently fled, taking his wife Geertruyd and baby son Otto with him.[10] He was convicted in absentia by the High Bench of Zuilichem and sentenced to death.[11] About December, 1662 he and his family set sail from Amsterdam for America, arriving in New Amsterdam on April 16, 1663.[12] They eventually settled in the poorer part of town—Wall Street—and proceeded to raise the first generation of American Van Tuyls.[13]

The Children of Jan Otten and Geertruyd van Tuyl:[14]

New-York City in 1671, eight years after the Van Tuyl family arrived
Name Dates Married Children
Otto 1661–1705 Margaret Dircks 5
Neeltje 1664 – after 1704 Aert Teunissen Lannen Van Pelt 9
Elizabeth 1667 – after 1705 William Pell 7
Antje 1672 – after 1720 Cornelius Vandeventer 4
Aert 1675 – after 1714 Malagasy woman or women More than 2
Alexander 1677 – died young
Abraham (twin) 1681 – after 1735 Femmentje Denys 7
Isaac (twin) 1681 – before 1728 Sarah Lakerman 6

By the beginning of the 18th century, Jan Otten van Tuyl was dead, but he and his wife Geertruyd had raised seven children, six of whom had produced thirty-eight grandchildren for the second generation in America. Most of today's Van Tuyls and Van Tyles are descended from the two youngest boys, twins Abraham and Isaac, both of whom became farmers on Staten Island.

New York Pirates

In 1695, brothers Otto and Aert van Tuyl, ship carpenters by trade, landed berths aboard the pirate ship John and Rebecca, bound from New York to the Indian Ocean: Otto as the ship's doctor and Aert the ship's carpenter (for more information about this trip, see Abraham Samuel). After taking one major prize ship, they sailed to St. Maries Island off northeast Madagascar to refit and to sell their stolen goods. Shortly after their arrival in 1697 the local natives revolted, killing a number of resident pirates. Otto and Aert survived, apparently by allying themselves with a rival native faction on the mainland of Madagascar. The following year captains William Kidd and Robert Culliford arrived at St. Maries. Otto and a number of Kidd's men joined Culliford for what turned out to be a brutal but lucrative cruise to the Malabar Coast of India.[15] Aert Van Tuyl chose to stay with the natives on Madagascar, marrying one or more of their women and fathering multiple children.[16] He was last heard of in 1714. The newly enriched Otto returned to St. Maries in 1698 where he booked passage home on a merchant ship, arriving at New York in June, 1699. Arrested by New York authorities, Otto evaded justice through good connections and bribery.[17]

In 1705, after fathering four children, Otto once again set sail—this time legally—as captain of the private ship of war Castel del Rey. Leaving New York in icy weather, he ran aground in the lower bay, where he and most of his crew perished in an ice storm before rescuers could board the castaway ship.[18]

1706-1899

Throughout the 18th century, until after the American Revolution, the American branch of the Van Tuyl family spread to rural areas of New York and New Jersey, participating in the Indian Wars of the mid-century in rural New York, where their home—called "Fort Van Tyle"—still stands.[19] No records have yet been found for the descendants of pirate Otto Van Tuyl, but some lines of descent may originate with him. The family of Abraham Van Tuyl, resident in North Staten Island and in New York City, ran family farms and operated ferry services in New York Bay—including the first Staten Island Ferry.[20] They sided with the British during the American Revolution, and as a result, some were forced to flee to Canada after the war. The family of Isaac Van Tuyl left Staten Island for rural New Jersey in the first half of the 18th century, settling on the Second Watchung Mountain where they farmed and ranched.[21] This branch of the family were revolutionaries, serving in the New Jersey Militia throughout the war.[22]

The 19th century saw the Van Tuyls move westward to Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, Kansas, Texas and Oklahoma in search of farming and business opportunities. Some of the westward settlers entered the medical profession, patented inventions, or followed the carpentry trade. The New York City Van Tuyls pursued business ventures (some successful, some not), followed trades, and held government jobs. At least one family member served in the War of 1812. Records of the American Civil War show that Van Tuyls fought on both the Union and Confederate sides.

1900-Present

Van Tuyl family history in the 20th century mirrors the national histories of the United States, Canada, and the Netherlands. During the first half of the 20th century, families moved from farming into business, trades and education. The economic depression of the 1930s caused hardship on both sides of the Atlantic. But it was the Dutch branch of the family that suffered the most during World War II, with the village of Gameren enduring German occupation, Allied air strikes, and the wanton destruction of the village church and windmill by Germans fleeing at war's end.[23]

The post WWII years saw the Van Tuyl family lifted to unprecedented levels of prosperity in the Netherlands and North America. Marshall Plan aid jumpstarted the rebuilding and social reform of the Netherlands, now one of Europe's most prosperous nations. The Van Tuyl families of Gameren parlayed their agricultural expertise into international businesses providing fruits, vegetables and flowers to the world, many of them grown in climate-controlled greenhouses. Gameren became an entrepôt for frozen potato products, thanks to the system of international highways and Van Tuyl entrepreneurship. Publisher Jan van Tuyl fought for—and won—the right for Dutch booksellers to mass market their products in non-traditional channels. Van Tuyls entered the professions, business, the arts and the academy in record numbers. And for the first time in 300 years, a few Van Tuyls emigrated from the Netherlands to North America. Entering the 21st century, the Dutch descendants of Heer Ghijsbrecht van Tuyl are enjoying the benefits of a land no longer ravaged by war and flood.

The Van Tuyls in the United States have also enjoyed an upward trend of societal well-being following World War II (in which many of them served, both in and out of uniform). Like their Dutch cousins, Van Tuyls have been successful in agriculture and businesses both large and small. Following in the early 20th century footsteps of George Van Tuyl (Business Mathematics), Francis M. Van Tuyl (Oil Geology), and Marian Van Tuyl (Dance Choreography), Van Tuyls now pursue many of the same professions as their Dutch relatives: science, engineering, medicine, education, religion, authorship, academics and the arts.

References

  1. ↑ Groenendijk, J. and Van Tuijl, R. D., 1996
  2. ↑ Drossaers, S. W.A., “Het Archief van de Nassausche Domeinraad” Den Haag, 1955, deel 2, regest nr. 322, 02-12-1364.
  3. ↑ Stadarchief Arnhem, Oud Archief Arnhem, regest 566, 03-05-1418.
  4. ↑ Streekarchief Bommelerwaard, Oud Archief Zaltbommel, 1141, fol. 77v-83, 30-06-1459.
  5. ↑ Rijksarchief Gelderland, Archief familie Van Dam van Brakel 849, fol. 16, 18, 19, 36, 47, 49.
  6. ↑ Rijksarchief Gelderland, Archief familie Van Dam van Brakel 849, fol. 52, 53v, 55.
  7. ↑ Rijksarchief Gelderland, Rechterlijkarchief Zuilichem 1, fol. 6 and fol. 27, 31-11-1564.
  8. ↑ Rijksarchief Gelderland, Rechterlijkarchief Zuilichem 1, fol. 27, 13-04-1564
  9. ↑ Rijksarchief Gelderland, Rechterlijkarchief Zuilichem 671, fol. 16v, 68v, 84v, 107v, 121v, 142v, 178v, 194v, 248v, 258, 306v, 240v, 258v.
  10. ↑ Groenendijk, J. N. A., “Hebt Ghij Een Mes, Ick Hebbe Oock Een,” in Tussen de Voorn en Loevestein, no. 76, March 1992, pp. 28-29.
  11. ↑ Rijksarchief Gelderland, Rechterlijkarchief Zuilichem 10, fol. 284/284v.
  12. ↑ Passenger Lists, Holland Society Yearbook for 1902, pg. 24.
  13. ↑ City of New York, “Tax Lists of the City of New York, December 1695 – July 15th 1699.”
  14. ↑ Cramer, Alma H., “Notes on the Van Tuyl Family,” 1959. Library of congress catalogue number CS71.V2796 1959.
  15. ↑ “Copy of ye Examination of Otto Van Toyle one of Hoar’s men…” in 1699 Colonial correspondence, Public Records Office, Kew, Richmond, Surrey. CO5 1042, pg. 299 H22.
  16. ↑ “A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the most notorious Pyrates – by Capt. Charles Johnson,” Manuel Schonhorn Ed., U. of South Carolina Press, 1972, pg. 492.
  17. ↑ “Earl of Bellomont to the Lords of Trade,” in Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York, ed. by E. B. O’Callaghan, Albany, 1853-1887, vol. IV, pg. 551.
  18. ↑ The Boston News-Letter, Published by Authority, From Monday December 31, to Monday January 7, 1705, 6.”
  19. ↑ Fort Van Tyle Rd., Port Jervis, NY.
  20. ↑ Stillwell, J. E., “Historical and Genealogical Miscellany,” New York, 1903, pg. 48.
  21. ↑ “Plan of Somerset County in the Province of New Jersey,” copied from the original map based on the 1766 survey of Benjamin Morgan, Clements Library, University of Michigan.
  22. ↑ U. S. Pension Application W22483, John Van Tuyl, National Archives and Records Office, Washington, DC.
  23. ↑ Verkuil, G., Brabants Dagblad, 18-01-1994.