VR Class Hr11

VR Class Hr11
Hr11 number 1953 at Helsinki railway station in 1965.
Type and origin
Power type	Diesel-hydraulic
Builder	Valmet Oy
Build date	1955
Total produced	5
Specifications
AAR wheel arr.	B-B
UIC classification	B′B′
Gauge	1,524 mm (5 ft)
Wheel diameter	960 mm (3 ft 2 in)
Length	15.4 m (50 ft 6 in)
Locomotive weight	66.5 tonnes (65.4 long tons; 73.3 short tons)
Transmission	Mekydro hydraulic-mechanical
Performance figures
Maximum speed	120 km/h (75 mph)
Power output	2 × 600 hp (450 kW)
Career
Operator(s)	VR
First run	1955
Withdrawn	1972
Disposition	No 1950 preserved at the Finnish Railway Museum, others scrapped

The VR Class Hr11 was the first class of diesel locomotives used by Valtionrautatiet (Finnish State Railways). Only five units were built, all delivered by Valmet in 1955. The Maybach diesel engines used in the locomotives proved highly unreliable, resulting in a complete overhaul of the engine-transmission system in 1956–58, but this did not solve all of the reliability problems. The Hr11 series was withdrawn from service in 1972.

History

VR (Finnish Railways) started a modernization project in the early fifties. VR had a small amount of diesel and gasoline-powered railcars since the 1920s, but in 1952 VR had only steam locomotives.

Modern aluminum-carriage diesel powered express multiple units (Dm3 and Dm4) were introduced in 1952. Related to these orders, VR ordered in 1952 five passenger train diesel locomotives with hydraulic transmission from Valmet Oy, Tampere. The locomotives were delivered in 1955.^[1]

Technology

The locomotives had originally two six-cylinder Maybach MD320 diesel engines driving each their own Maybach Mekydro K64B hydraulic-mechanical gearbox. The engines and transmission were placed in the bogies. The engine-transmission units proved to be very unreliable, and in 1956–58 a complete overhaul was done. Among other improvements, the engines were fitted with turbochargers, which increased the power from 450 hp to 600 hp, but simultaneously lowered the RPM from 1700 to 1500 r/min. The new engine designation was Maybach MD325. The gearboxes were changed to another type, Mekydro KL64. After the upgrade, the engines were reasonably reliable, but the reliability of the Maybach Mekydros did not improve significantly.^[1]

Operation

The locomotives carried a gray livery, with wine-red broad stripes. The gray color and sleek looks earned it the nickname Lentävä susi (Flying Wolf). They pulled mainly passenger trains between Tampere, Helsinki and Turku. All units were abandoned in 1972.