VCAM-1

Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1

PDB rendering based on 1ij9.
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
Identifiers
SymbolsVCAM1 ; CD106; INCAM-100
External IDsOMIM: 192225 MGI: 98926 HomoloGene: 838 ChEMBL: 3735 GeneCards: VCAM1 Gene
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez741222329
EnsemblENSG00000162692ENSMUSG00000027962
UniProtP19320P29533
RefSeq (mRNA)NM_001078NM_011693
RefSeq (protein)NP_001069NP_035823
Location (UCSC)Chr 1:
101.19 – 101.2 Mb		Chr 3:
116.11 – 116.13 Mb
PubMed search

Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 also known as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) or cluster of differentiation 106 (CD106) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VCAM1 gene.[1] VCAM-1 functions as a cell adhesion molecule.

Structure

The VCAM-1 gene contains six or seven immunoglobulin domains, and is expressed on both large and small blood vessels only after the endothelial cells are stimulated by cytokines. It is alternatively spliced into two known RNA transcripts that encode different isoforms in humans.[2] The gene product is a cell surface sialoglycoprotein, a type I membrane protein that is a member of the Ig superfamily.

Function

The VCAM-1 protein mediates the adhesion of lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils to vascular endothelium. It also functions in leukocyte-endothelial cell signal transduction, and it may play a role in the development of atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Upregulation of VCAM-1 in endothelial cells by cytokines occurs as a result of increased gene transcription (e.g., in response to Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1 (IL-1)) and through stabilization of Messenger RNA (mRNA) (e.g., Interleukin-4 (IL-4)). The promoter region of the VCAM-1 gene contains functional tandem NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B) sites. The sustained expression of VCAM-1 lasts over 24 hours.

Primarily, the VCAM-1 protein is an endothelial ligand for VLA-4 (Very Late Antigen-4 or integrin α4β1) of the β1 subfamily of integrins. VCAM-1 expression has also been observed in other cell types (e.g., smooth muscle cells). It has also been shown to interact with EZR[3] and Moesin.[3]

Pharmacology

Certain melanoma cells can use VCAM-1 to adhere to the endothelium,[4] and VCAM-1 may participate in monocyte recruitment to atherosclerotic sites. As a result, VCAM-1 is a potential drug target.

References

  1. ↑ Cybulsky M, Fries JW, Williams AJ, Sultan P, Eddy RL, Byers MG et al. (1991). "The human VCAM1 gene is assigned to chromosome 1p31-p32". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 58: 1852. doi:10.1159/000133735.
  2. ↑ "Entrez Gene: VCAM1 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1".
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Barreiro O, Yanez-Mo M, Serrador JM, Montoya MC, Vicente-Manzanares M, Tejedor R et al. (Jun 2002). "Dynamic interaction of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 with moesin and ezrin in a novel endothelial docking structure for adherent leukocytes". J. Cell Biol. 157 (7): 1233–45. doi:10.1083/jcb.200112126. PMC 2173557. PMID 12082081.
  4. ↑ Eibl RH and Benoit M (2004). "Molecular resolution of cell adhesion forces.". IEE Proc Nanobiotechnol. 151 (3): 128-32. doi:10.1049/ip-nbt:20040707. PMID 16475855.

Further reading

External links