United States Naval Station Tutuila
| United States Naval Station Tutuila | |
|---|---|
| Tutuila, American Samoa | |
|
Naval Base Tutuila, c.1920 | |
  U.S. Naval Station Tutuila | |
| Coordinates | 14°16′55″S 170°41′06″W / 14.282°S 170.685°W |
| Type | Naval Base |
| Site information | |
| Controlled by |
 United States |
| Site history | |
| In use | 1872–1951 |
| Garrison information | |
| Garrison | United States Navy |
United States Naval Station Tutuila was a naval station in Pago Pago Harbor on the island of Tutuila, part of American Samoa, built in 1899 and in operation until 1951. During the United States Navy rule of American Samoa, from 1900 to 1951, it was customary for the commandant of the station to also serve as Military Governor of the territory. Benjamin Franklin Tilley was the first commandant and the first officer responsible for the naval station's construction.
History
Located in the South Pacific, midway between Hawaii and New Zealand, the site was chosen in 1872 by Commander Richard Worsam Meade, who negotiated facilities for a coaling station for the United States Navy from the Samoan high chief Mauga Manuma.[1]
Initially used by Pacific and Asiatic Squadrons,[2] by 1940 Tutuila was a minor naval station. However, with the looming threat of a Pacific War, plans were drawn up for the development of its capabilities. In November 1940 expansion of the naval station began. After the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941 naval activity at Tutuila increased. Ship arrivals jumped from three in December 1941 to 56 in December 1942. Shipping activity was intensive throughout 1943. In March 1943, 121 vessels passed through Pago Pago harbor.[3] However, as the war moved north and west, Tutuila became a strategic backwater.[2] Shipping arrivals declined after February 1944, from fifty per month to less than twenty.[3]
On January 11, 1942, a Japanese submarine surfaced off the coast of Tutuila and fired fifteen shells from its deck gun at the Naval Station in about ten minutes. Most landed harmlessly in the bay,[4] but Commander Edwin Robinson was wounded in the knee by shrapnel and a member of the Fita Fita Guard (Samoan Marine Reserve) received minor injuries. Ironically, the only building damaged by the submarine's shell fire was a store owned by a Japanese expatriate, Frank Shimasaki. The fire was not returned in the only Japanese attack on Samoa during World War II.[5]
Post-war Tutuila's military importance continued to decline, and in 1951, control of American Samoa was transferred from the Navy to the Department of the Interior.[2] Naval Station Tutuila was closed, and the last scheduled naval transport, the General R. L. Howze, sailed on 25 June 1951.[3] The harbor has since returned to commercial use.
Fourteen buildings in the former Naval Station are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, two of which—Government House and the World War II Blunts Point Gun Emplacement—have received the official designation of National Historic Landmark.[6]
See also
- USS Tutuila (PR-4)
- List of governors of American Samoa
- National Register of Historic Places listings in American Samoa
References
- ↑ "Pago Pago (American Samoa)". Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Annexation of Samoa". globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Franco, Robert W. "Samoans, World War II, and Military Work" (PDF). scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
- ↑ Enright, John (March 15, 2011). "Tutuila in WWII: In the Cross-hairs of History – Part 1". Samoa News. Retrieved November 27, 2014.
- ↑ "The World at War : Samoa 1898-1951". schudak.de. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
- ↑ "American Samoa Historic Preservation Office". ashpo.org. Retrieved 21 August 2010.