United Episcopal Church of North America
| United Episcopal Church of North America | |
|---|---|
|
The UECNA crest. | |
| Classification | Continuing Anglican |
| Orientation | Broad Church; some Low Church congregations. |
| Polity | Episcopal (with apostolic succession) |
| Leader | Peter D. Robinson |
| Associations | Intercommunion with Anglican Catholic Church, and the Anglican Province of Christ the King |
| Region | North America |
| Founder | Charles D.D. Doren 1915-2014 |
| Origin |
1981 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |
| Separated from | Anglican Catholic Church |
| Congregations | 25 parishes, missions and affiliated congregations [1] |
| http://www.unitedepiscopalchurch.org/ | |
.svg)
The United Episcopal Church of North America (UECNA) is a traditional Anglican Christian church that is part of the Continuing Anglican movement. It is not part of the Anglican Communion.
The UECNA describes itself as "embracing the broad base of ceremonial practice inherent in the Historic Anglican Communion"[2] though historically the UECNA has tended to be Broad or Low Church in its ceremonial practice. The UECNA uses the 1928 Book of Common Prayer, in the USA, and the 1962 edition of the Canadian Prayer Book north of the border. Occasional use of the 1662 and 1789 editions of the Book of Common Prayer is permitted.
The changes in the mainline denominations that it and other continuing churches object to include the acceptance of lax policies on the authority of Scripture, divorce, abortion, the ordination of women, and changes to the theology of the Book of Common Prayer. They also object to more recent innovations such as the ordination of openly homosexual clergy, but these were not at issue when they broke with the Episcopal Church.
History
Founding of the UECNA
The origins of the United Episcopal Church of North America lie with the Congress of St. Louis in September 1977, and with Charles D. D. Doren, the first Bishop consecrated for the Anglican Church of North America (Episcopal) - later called the Anglican Catholic Church. Doren had been elected Bishop of the Diocese of the Midwest immediately following the St Louis meeting, and was consecrated on 28th January 1978 by Bishops Albert A. Chambers, Acting Bishop of the ACNA(E), and Francisco Pagtakhan, letters of consent having being received from Bishop Mark Pae of Taejon, Korea, and Charles Boynton, formerly Assistant Bishop of New York. He was translated to the Diocese of the Mid-Atlantic states in 1979, but he soon backed away from active participation in the Anglican Catholic Church. He was alienated by the numerous Constitution and Canonical revisions undertaken in 1978-1981, and by the 'stained glass ceiling' which kept Broad Churchmen out of the Episcopate. He finally resigning his diocese in the Fall of 1980.
Parallel to Bishop Doren's departure from active Episcopal ministry in the ACC, three parishes left the Anglican Catholic Church, and set about the task of forming a body that would be more hospitable to Low Churchmen. This led to the creation of the United Episcopal Church of North America, at a meeting in Pittsburgh, PA, in October 1981. The standing committee of the new jurisdiction invited Bishop Doren to be its first bishop and, subsequently, the first archbishop. In more recent years, the church has described itself as representing the Broad and Low Church traditions, but it also has one or two parishes from the Anglo-Catholic tradition. The church's constitution and canons are modeled on the PECUSA's 1958 code with some amendments, including provisions for the erection of dioceses in Canada, and more specific direction is given as to the circumstances in which the jurisdiction will consecrate bishops for overseas. The last significant revision of the UECNA Canons was made in 1992/1996 with minor amendments being made in 2011 and 2014.
Under the leadership of Archbishop Doren (1981–1987) and Bishop Knight (1989–1992), the UECNA grew to over forty congregations. In 1988-90 these were divided between the Diocese of the Ohio Valley and at least three missionary districts - West, South and East. So far this has represented the high-water mark of the church's prosperity. The UECNA underwent a protracted decline during the early 1990s due to the illness and increasing incapacity of the then presiding bishop, John Cyrus Gramley (South 1985-96; Presiding Bishop 1992–96), who was diagnosed with cancer shortly after taking office. When the summons to General Convention was issued in 1996 only seven parishes responded. The Fifth General Convention then proceeded to place the missionary districts into suspension and the church was administered as a single diocese from then until April 2010. The Rev. Stephen C. Reber, Sr., was elected as bishop-coadjutor and consecrated in September 1996 by Bishops Robert C. Harvey, assisted by Bishops Miller, Hamers, Gramley, and Caudill. Bishop Gramley died shortly thereafter.
During the late 1990s, Bishop Reber traveled many thousands of miles reactivating old UECNA parishes and receiving new congregations into the jurisdiction. He continued Bishop Gramley's policy of relaxing the rather aggressively Low Church stance of the jurisdiction allowing the range of churchmanship within the United Episcopal Church to broaden. However, unlike the ACC and APCK, the UECNA still requires that, in addition to the Scriptures and the Book of Common Prayer, candidates for the ministry to assent to the Thirty-nine Articles. In 1999 the UECNA entered into a short-lived intercommunion agreement with the Anglican Province of America, causing the ACC to suspend its intercommunion agreement with the UECNA. However, that action was not mirrored by the Anglican Province of Christ the King. The UECNA subsequently suspended its intercommunion agreement with the Anglican Province in America in 2002 when the latter entered into a relationship with the Reformed Episcopal Church.
In 2007, intercommunion with the ACC was restored after a lapse of eight years, so that the UECNA now has cordial relations with both the ACC and the APCK.[3] From 2007 to 2011, the ACC and the UECNA explored opportunities for greater cooperation and the possibility of achieving organic unity. Bishop Presley Hutchens of the ACC addressed delegates to the UECNA convention of 2008 and discussed the possibility of uniting the ACC and UECNA.[4] Although well received at the time, there was a feeling among many of the delegates that the matter was being rushed, and that no proper consideration were being given to the theological, constitutional and canonical consideration thrown up by the move. Moves towards unity with the Anglican Catholic Church were referred for further discussion, and subsequently stalled.
At the 2008 General Convention, the delegates elected three suffragan bishops with the intention that they would serve the UECNA and also assist the ACC and APCK when requested. Two of them subsequently departed the UECNA for the Reformed Episcopal Church, leaving the Right Rev. Peter D. Robinson as the sole suffragan bishop in UECNA until his appointment as Bishop of the Missionary District of the West in November 2009. Bishop Robinson was named 'Archbishop Coadjutor' in April 2010 by the National Council, succeeded the Most Rev. Stephen C. Reber on September 6, 2010. He was elected as Presiding Bishop by the 10th General Convention, held in Heber Springs, AR, on 12 May 2011. As Presiding Bishop, Robinson has returned the UECNA to a 'Classical Anglican' position emphasizing its continuity with the old Protestant Episcopal Church and the English Reformation.
In July, 2014, a small continuing Anglican jurisdiction, the Diocese of the Great Lakes, under Bishop David Hustwick, joined the UECNA as its diocese for the Great Lakes states and eastern Canada. In January, 2015, a petition was received from Bishop George Conner of the Anglican Episcopal Church at the behest of that jurisdiction's standing committee asking for admission as a non-geographical diocese of the UECNA. This was granted on February 11, 2015.
By early 2015, there were 25 UECNA congregations in 13 states, including Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Florida, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, Virginia, and Wisconsin. The UECNA also has clergy in Canada.
Episcopate
The UECNA traces its apostolic succession from the Church of England as follows:
- John Moore, Archbishop of Canterbury, who, assisted by the Archbishop of York and the Bishop of Bath and Wells, did consecrate on 7 February 1787
- William White, as first Bishop of Pennsylvania, and 1st and 4th Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church, who in 1832 consecrated
- John Henry Hopkins, as second Bishop of Vermont and subsequently Presiding Bishop, who in 1867 did consecrate
- Daniel S. Tuttle, as first Missionary Bishop of Montana, who in 1911, as Presiding Bishop did consecrate
- James DeWolf Perry, as seventh Bishop of Rhode Island, who in 1930, as 18th Presiding Bishop did consecrate
- Henry Knox Sherrill, as eighth Bishop of Massachusetts, who in 1950, as 20th Presiding Bishop did consecrate
- Arthur C. Lichtenberger, as ninth Bishop of Missouri, who whilst 21st Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church, and assisted by Horace Donegan, Bishop of New York and Reginald Mallet, Bishop of Northern Indiana, consecrated (1962)
- Albert A. Chambers, as Bishop of Springfield, who in 1978, as acting Primate of the Anglican Church of North America (Episcopal), and assisted by Francisco Pagtakhan, and Charles D. D. Doren (later Abp. I of the UECNA) consecrated [5]
- James Orin Mote, as first Bishop of the Diocese of the Holy Trinity, who assisted by Bishops Burns, Lewis, and Rutherfoord, consecrated (1980)[6]
- Robert Condit Harvey, as first Bishop of the Southwest in the Anglican Catholic Church, who in 1996, assisted by Bishops Ogden Miller, Edwin Caudill, John Hamers, and John Gramley (PB III UECNA), did consecrate,[7]
- Stephen C. Reber Bishop-coadjutor of the UECNA, and subsequently IV Presiding Bishop of UECNA, who assisted by William Wiygul, Bishop of the Southeastern States (APCK) and D. Presley Hutchens, Bishop of New Orleans (ACC), on 10 January 2009 consecrated,[8]
- Peter D. Robinson, as a suffragan bishop in the UECNA, who subsequently became II Bishop of the Missionary District of the West, and V PB of the UECNA.
From the Scottish Episcopal Church the line is as follows:
- On November 14th 1784 Bishops Robert Kilgour, Arthur Petrie, and John Skinner (bishop) did consecrate
- Samuel Seabury as first Bishop of Connecticut, who in 1792 was one of the consecrators of
- Thomas John Claggett, first Bishop of Maryland, who in 1796 was one of the consecrators for
- Edward Bass, first bishop of Massachusetts, who in 1797 was one of the consecrators of
- Abraham Jarvis, second Bishop of Connecticut, who in 1811 was one of the co-consecrators of
- Alexander Viets Griswold as Bishop of the Eastern Diocese, who in 1836 was one of the co-consecrators of John Henry Hopkins, first Bishop of Vermont.
Intercommunion agreements
See: Anglicanism
The UECNA has effected intercommunion agreements with a number of other Continuing Anglican churches. Those presently in effect are with:
- Anglican Catholic Church,[9]
- Anglican Province of Christ the King
- The UECNA formerly had an intercommunion agreement with the Diocese of the Great Lakes but the DGL voted to become a Diocese of the UECNA on July 19, 2014.
Governance
Dioceses and missionary districts
The United Episcopal Church is divided into the Diocese of the Great Lakes, the Anglican Episcopal Church (a non-geographical diocese), and three missionary districts/dioceses -- the West, consisting of churches in Arizona and California; the South and Ozarks, consisting of churches in Missouri, Arkansas, western Kentucky, and Alabama; and the East, consisting of churches in Florida, eastern Kentucky, Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. These are governed on a day-to-day basis by missionary bishops appointed by the National Council who act in concert with the Council of Advice (standing committee) and the Diocesan Convention or Convocation.
Convocations consist of every cleric in good standing and canonically resident within the missionary district, plus lay delegates from each congregation. District convocations are unicameral, and are responsible for general policy within each district, including the allocation of funds received from the National Council.
General Convention
The General Convention meets every third year, and consists of two houses. The larger is the House of Deputies which currently consists of one cleric and up to four lay representatives from each parish and mission of the UECNA. However, once a fourth diocese is established, the canons require that the representation be changed to a diocesan basis and that four clergy and four lay deputies be elected for each diocese by its convention. This would reduce the size of the House of Deputies 32 members, plus alternates against the current maximum of over one hundred. The House of Deputies has a president, who is usually a priest. The present holder of this office is the Very Rev. Richard Desroches, Priest-in-Charge of Christ the King, Lexington, North Carolina. The House of Deputies is the lower house of the General Convention. The lower house elects the president, treasurer, and secretary of the General Convention who continue in office until the commencement of the next convention.
House of Bishops
The upper house of General Convention is the House of Bishops which consists of all UECNA bishops in good standing. It meets under the chairmanship of the Presiding Bishop, and has the power to nominate bishops for missionary dioceses, to take order for the administration of vacant dioceses and missionary districts, and to set policy with regard to ordination and other related matters. Unlike the House of Deputies it customarily meets annually on the second Thursday of May to discuss matters of mutual concern between meetings of the General Convention.
At present its membership consists of:
- The Most Rev. Peter D. Robinson, Presiding Bishop of the UECNA and Missionary Bishop of the West; Rector of St. Paul's Anglican Church, Prescott, AZ
- The Right Rev. George Conner, Bishop of the Anglican Episcopal Church, formerly Rector of St. Bede's Anglican Church, Tucson, AZ.
- The Right Rev. Glen Hartley, Missionary Bishop of the South and Ozarks, and Rector of St Francis Anglican Church, Ava, MO
- The Right Rev. David Hustwick, Bishop of the Diocese of the Great Lakes, and Rector of St Andrew and St Matthias, Hastings, MI
- The Right Rev. Steven Murrell, Assistant Bishop, Missionary Diocese of the East (former Presiding Bishop of the Primitive Episcopal Church)
- The Right Rev. John Pafford, Suffragan Bishop of the Diocese of the Great Lakes
- The Right Rev. Joseph Hamlin Dobson, IV, Bishop Emeritus of the Missionary District of the East
- The Most Rev. Stephen C. Reber, Presiding Bishop Emeritus of the UECNA
- The Right Rev. Jackson Worsham, Jr., Bishop Emeritus of the Diocese of the Great Lakes
Bishops of the Anglican Catholic Church and the Anglican Province of Christ the King may sit in the UECNA House of Bishops and have voice but not vote.
Business may be originated in either house of General Convention, though the budget customarily commences in the House of Deputies, and canon changes in the House of Bishops. After a first reading it passes to the other house of the General Convention for review and approval. If amendments are made it must be approved and returned to the originating house and be approved as amended before going to the Presiding Bishop for signature.
National Council
The National Council is composed of the Presiding Bishop, two other bishops, three priests, six laypersons, and two representative of UECW. The bishops are elected by the House of Bishops, the clergy and lay members are elected members by the House of Deputies, and the two representatives of UECW by their triennial meeting. The National Council meets regularly each year, usually in mid-May, and at the end of General Convention when it meets. The Archbishop has the authority to convene special meetings should circumstances so require. The canons describe the functions of the National Council as being to coordinate the church's social work, missions, and publicity, but over time it has become a sounding board for the House of Bishops assisting them in their administration of the church between general conventions. The present Archbishop has suggested that it may be time to expand the role of the National Council, and rename it the "Administrative or Executive Council" and formalize its expanded purpose.
Doctrine
The doctrinal position of the United Episcopal Church is defined by the Declaration of Conformity contained in Article VIII of the UECNA Constitution which grounds the doctrine of the Church in the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, the Book of Common Prayer (1928) and the Thirty-nine Articles of Religion (1571/1801) stressing the jurisdiction's continuity with the English Reformation and the old Protestant Episcopal Church. This is intended to center the Church's doctrine firmly in the 'Classical Anglicanism' tradition as contained in the historic formularies of the Church; the Thirty-nine Articles and the Book of Common Prayer. These, in turn, refer back to the inerrant Holy Scriptures and the Ancient Fathers and Councils of the Church, as well as to the "New Learning" of the Reformation era. The UECNA also wary of nineteenth and early twentieth century movements, such as Fundamentalism and Dispensationalism, which are at odds with historic Christian theology.
The UECNA considers the Affirmation of St. Louis to be one of its founding documents but places less stress upon it than do the Anglican Catholic Church and the Anglican Province of Christ the King, because of possible conflicts with older doctrinal statements such as the Articles of Religion, and the danger of creating a dual standard in both doctrine and worship. The UECNA accepts the Affirmation of St Louis as a response to the theological and moral crisis in the Episcopal Church in the early 1970s, and as a call to action on the part of orthodox Episcopalians to preserve the traditional teaching and worship of the Church. However, it is not regarded as being a replacement for the Reformation era Anglican formularies. The United Episcopal Church most often references the Affirmation of St Louis in connection with moral and organisational issues.
In ceremonial matters, the present Presiding Bishop, the Most Rev. Peter D. Robinson, points outs that the UECNA has a greater diversity of churchmanship and ceremonial practice than it did in the 1980s. However, the church is very insistent that ceremonial use conform to traditional Anglican or Episcopalian customs. Historically, the minimum of vestments required for services in parish churches is surplice and tippet (rochet, chimere and tippet for bishops.) At the other extreme, the 1559 Ornaments Rubric represents the maximum of vesture and ornament contemplated by the compilers of the BCP. Most parishes are Broad Church.
Ordination and lay leadership
See: Episcopal polity
The UECNA's leadership is divided among lay leaders and ordained ministers as follows:
Ministry
Lay ministry
- Lay reader - a layman licensed by the bishop of the diocese to read Morning and Evening Prayer, the Litany, and the Penitential Office, as well as the Burial Office. He is expected to have a good knowledge of Holy Scripture, and some knowledge of theology, so as to be able to answer questions from lay members of the church, and lead Bible studies.
- Diocesan reader - a layman who has already served as a lay reader, has completed a formal course of theology and is licensed to preach sermons of his own composition.
- Deaconess - the canons of the UECNA make provision for deaconesses to be "set aside" but not ordained. The order is open to women over the age of 25 who meet the same criteria as men entering the diaconate. Their training is similar to that of deacons, but with less emphasis on liturgy, and a particular focus on pastoral and educational work.
Clerical state
- Postulants are students for holy orders but not yet ordained. However, under canon law, they are regarded as having entered the clerical state, and may not be vestrymen or churchwardens. They are usually expected to serve as lay readers and diocesan readers whilst in training. A postulant must complete not less than one year of study consisting of Church history, pastoral work, liturgics, doctrine and holy scripture before being admitted as a candidate for holy orders. He assists the local parish as a layreader in the offices of the church as called upon and allowed by the canons of the church.
- Candidates for holy orders are those students who are sufficiently advanced in their studies that their ordination to the diaconate is expected within the next year. They are expected to function as diocesan readers during the period of their candidacy, preaching under supervision, and assisting the clergy in the conduct of divine worship.
- Deacons - a deacon may be either permanent or transitional, though the UECNA makes no formal distinction between the two. Permanent deacons are those deacons who have decided not to study for the presbyterate, and therefore remain as deacons. Transitional deacons are training for priesthood. Before ordination to the priesthood, a deacon should serve for not less than one year and complete a course of study.
- Priests - priests or presbyters are ministers of word and sacrament who are authorized to undertake all ministerial functions except ordination and confirmation. In the UECNA only priests and bishops are allowed to be parish ministers.
- Bishops - bishops are "assigned a diocese consisting of a given number of parishes, and will provide regular oversight, counsel and guidance to those parishes. An Episcopal visit to each parish will be made not less than once in three years and attendance at national councils and meetings as called."
Lay leadership positions
In addition to Lay Readers and Diocesan Readers, the following lay ministries exist in the United Episcopal Church
- Vestryman - every parish has an elected council consisting of between five and thirteen members of the laity. Vestrymen are expected to be communicant members of the church, over the age of 18. Their function is to maintain and administer the physical plant of the local parish, and to advise the rector concerning mission, and parish affairs. Although the traditional term 'vestryman' is used the position is open to both men and women.
- Senior (Rector's) and Junior (Peoples') Wardens take leadership in the vestry and are responsible for relations between the Rector (Minister) and congregation in the case of the Senior Warden, and the maintenance of the parish buildings and plant in the case of the Junior Warden.
- Each parish is free to create such lay ministries as it may require provided that it has the approval of the bishop for so doing. These ministries may include District Visitors who are appointed by the Rector and Vestry to oversee communicant members of the church; Sunday school teachers and superintendents who undertake to train the children of the parish in Holy Scripture and the teachings of the Church.
United Episcopal Church Women
The UECW is an official organization of women who serve the church. Their particular focus is to raise funds for the missionary work of the Church. The work of UECW is coordinated by an Executive Council which is elected at the UECW Triennial Meeting which occurs during the General Convention week.
Religious orders
The Order of St Benedict (Anglican) - a religious society living under an adaption of the Benedictine Rule.
The Order of St Stephen the Protomartyr - a Society of the Common Life living under the Augustinian Rule.
Publications
- Glad Tidings. The Quarterly Magazine and Journal of the UECNA.
See also
- Anglicanism
- Church of England
- History of the Church of England
- Continuing Anglican
References
- ↑ UECNA website.
- ↑ The United Episcopal Church - An Introduction (UECNA 1990, rev. 2013)
- ↑ Excerpts from the website of the UECNA
- ↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ViHz7oPK60&NR=1 Youtube video of the Convention
- ↑ http://www.anglicancatholic.org - Chambers Succession
- ↑ ACC Website; Chambers Succession
- ↑ The UECNA records preserve the program for Bishop Reber's consecration, which names Bishop Harvey as the principal consecrator.
- ↑ UECNA records
- ↑ http://www.anglicancatholic.org/acc-uec.html
- ↑ UECNA ordination guide on-line