U.S. Route 11 in Louisiana

U.S. Highway 11
Route information
Maintained by Louisiana DOTD
Length:	31.2 mi[1] (50.2 km)
Existed:	1939 – present
Major junctions
South end:	US 90 in New Orleans, LA
	I‑10 in New Orleans US 190 in Slidell I‑12 in Slidell I‑59 in Pearl River
North end:	I-59 / US 11 south of Nicholson, MS
Location
Parishes:	Orleans, St. Tammany
Highway system
United States Numbered Highways List Bannered Divided Replaced Louisiana Highway System Interstate US State ← LA 10 I‑12 →

U.S. Highway 11 in Louisiana (US 11) runs 31.2 miles (50.2 km) from the national southern terminus at US 90 in New Orleans to the Mississippi state line south of Picayune.^[1] The route parallels Interstate 10 (I-10) across Lake Pontchartrain and into Slidell, serving as that city's major north–south arterial. After crossing I-12, it parallels I-59 to Pearl River, at which point the two highways proceed concurrently across the state line.

The portion of US 11 between Slidell and Pearl River was once part of the Old Spanish Trail, an early auto trail that largely became the route of US 90 when the numbered U.S. Highway System was implemented in 1926.^[2] US 11 originally terminated in Mississippi just northwest of what is now the John C. Stennis Space Center.^[1][2] In 1937, US 90 was relocated onto a new route bypassing Slidell and Pearl River, significantly reducing the distance between New Orleans and the Mississippi Gulf Coast.^[3] US 11 was extended into Louisiana two years later over the former alignment of US 90, and the two routes proceeded concurrently into Downtown New Orleans.^[3] In 1951, US 11 was cut back to its current southern terminus at US 90 in Eastern New Orleans.^[4][5]

Until the construction of the Interstate Highway System in the area during the late 1950s to mid-1960s, US 11 was one of two major routes eastward out of New Orleans, the other being US 90. Both still serve as important alternate routes to I-10 when hurricanes threaten the area, as was perhaps most evident when, in August 2005, Hurricane Katrina heavily damaged the nearby I-10 Twin Span Bridge over Lake Pontchartrain, rendering the crossing completely impassable for over six weeks.^[6] (The US 11 Bridge, constructed in 1928, had sustained only minor damage.) North of Pearl River, US 11 does not serve a similar function, however, since it was moved onto I-59 in 1965 and no longer retains a separate crossing over the west and east branches of the Pearl River.^[7][8]

Route description

From the south, US 11 begins at an intersection with US 90 (Chef Menteur Highway) in Eastern New Orleans between Michoud and Venetian Isles. It proceeds north as an undivided, two-lane highway for 5.5 miles (8.9 km) through an area known as Irish Bayou to Point Aux Herbes, where it passes through an interchange with I-10 at Exit 254. US 11 immediately continues northeast onto the Maestri Bridge, a 4.8 mile (7.7 km)-long span across Lake Pontchartrain that parallels the I-10 Twin Span Bridge.^[1][9][10]

About midway across the lake, US 11 crosses from Orleans Parish (coextensive with the city of New Orleans) into St. Tammany Parish and begins to closely follow along the east side of the Norfolk Southern Railway (NS) trestle. Making landfall in North Shore, US 11 becomes known as Pontchartrain Drive and passes through the community of Eden Isle. US 11 gains a center turning lane at Oak Harbor Boulevard, and immediately afterward, the highway enters the city of Slidell and widens to accommodate a second lane in either direction.^[1][8][11]

In Slidell, US 11 curves to the northwest and intersects LA 433 (Old Spanish Trail). The center lane disappears, and the two highways become concurrent for a short distance until an intersection with Front Street. Here, US 11 turns back to the northeast alongside the Norfolk Southern Railway tracks while LA 433 continues straight ahead across the rail line. US 11 follows Front Street through Slidell's historic district and intersects US 190 Business at Fremaux Avenue, beginning a brief concurrency for several blocks to an intersection with mainline US 190 at Gause Boulevard. Here US 190 Business reaches its western terminus, and US 11 continues northward along Front Street, narrowing again to an undivided, two-lane highway. Just beyond Indiana Avenue, a local street, US 11 crosses to the west side of the Norfolk Southern tracks via an overpass. Proceeding north for 1.0 mile (1.6 km), US 11 reaches the northern limit of Slidell and enters a partial cloverleaf interchange with I-12 at Exit 83, briefly widening to a divided, four-lane highway. I-12 heads west toward Mandeville and Covington and east to a major interchange with I-10 and I-59.^[1][8][11]

Returning to two-lane capacity, US 11 continues north through a sparsely-developed area known as Alton and intersects LA 1091 (Robert Boulevard). 1.0 mile (1.6 km) later, US 11 enters the town of Pearl River and intersects LA 41 (Watts Road), which heads north toward Bogalusa. From this intersection, LA 3081 continues north along Main Street while US 11 turns southeast onto Concord Boulevard. Shortly afterward, US 11 enters an interchange with I-59 at Exit 3, which also marks the northern terminus of LA 1090 (Military Road). US 11 turns north to follow the on-ramp to I-59 and utilizes the interstate's alignment for the remainder of the distance in Louisiana.^[1][8][11]

After 1.5 miles (2.4 km), I-59/US 11 reaches Exit 5A, which forms the northern terminus of LA 3081 and provides another connection to Pearl River. Immediately following this interchange, the highway crosses the northern town limit and proceeds onto a bridge over the West Pearl River. Just north of the bridge is Exit 5B, an interchange with a local road known as Old US 11, part of the pre-interstate alignment that now serves the Pearl River Wildlife Management Area. I-59/US 11 proceeds northward through the Honey Island Swamp and, after 5.3 miles (8.5 km), reaches its final interchange, Exit 11 (Pearl River Turnaround). It then crosses the main branch of the Pearl River into Mississippi at a point 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south of Picayune.^[1][8][11]

History

Mississippi termini

As originally designated in November 1926, the southern terminus of US 11 was located in Santa Rosa, Mississippi^{[lower-alpha 1]} at a junction with US 90, the present intersection of Mississippi Highway 607 (MS 607) and Old US 11.^[2][3] At that time, US 90 followed the general route of US 11 through Slidell and Pearl River. After crossing the state line into Mississippi, US 90 intersected US 11 then curved back to the south, bypassing Pearlington on the way to Bay St. Louis.^[2] This route duplicated that of the Old Spanish Trail, an auto trail designated in 1916,^{[lower-alpha 2]} pre-dating the numbered U.S. Highway System. Since 1921, the Louisiana portion had also carried the designation of State Route 2, as did all of US 90 throughout the state.^{[lower-alpha 3][2][12]}

In December 1935, the current route of US 90 running directly between the Rigolets Bridge and Pearlington was opened, shortening the distance from New Orleans to the Mississippi Gulf Coast by 22 miles (35 km).^[13] Once US 90 was officially shifted onto the cutoff in June 1937,^{[lower-alpha 4][3]} US 11 was extended south to meet it at the present intersection of MS 604 and MS 607.^[14] The following year, a second cutoff was opened, placing US 90 on its current alignment between Pearlington and MS 607 west of Waveland.^[15][16] US 11 was again extended to intersect US 90, following MS 604 southward into Pearlington.^[16]

Extension into Louisiana

In June 1939, the Louisiana Highway Commission successfully petitioned the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO) to have US 11 moved onto the former route of US 90 through Pearl River and Slidell and joined with US 90 to the intersection of Canal and North Broad Streets in New Orleans.^[3] From the original southern terminus at Santa Rosa, US 11 then followed what is known as Old US 11, now a largely abandoned local road, to the state line where it crossed a now-demolished bridge over the Pearl River. It then continued onto Old US 11 in Louisiana, locally maintained today as part of the Pearl River State Wildlife Management Area, to the site of the interchange with I-59 and the current route of US 11. Continuing southwest, US 11 crossed a second demolished bridge over the West Pearl River, entering the town of Pearl River. It then followed Main Street through town, state-maintained today as part of LA 3081 and LA 3081 Spur, and rejoined the present alignment at LA 41 (Watts Road).^[17][18] Maps from 1939 indicate that US 11 briefly continued along the former route of US 90, turning southeast onto LA 433 to an intersection with current US 90 at the Rigolets Bridge.^[17] Including the concurrency with US 90 into Downtown New Orleans, this routing would have represented the longest expanse of US 11 in Louisiana, totaling 51.8 miles (83.4 km).^[18]

The permanent re-routing of US 11 as approved by AASHO became effective on January 1, 1940.^[19] At this time, US 11 assumed its present routing across Lake Pontchartrain via the Maestri Bridge. Originally known as the Pontchartrain Bridge (or Watson-Williams Bridge, after its backers), the nearly 5 mile (8 km)-long span was opened on February 18, 1928 and initially operated as a toll bridge.^[20] The bridge was the subject of much controversy and was a hot issue in several political campaigns during the 1920s.^[21] Louisiana Governor Oramel H. Simpson successfully advocated for free bridges to be constructed for US 90 across Chef Menteur Pass and the Rigolets, and though the route was 7.0 miles (11.3 km) longer, the completion of the free spans in 1929 and 1930 led to the financial ruin of the toll bridge.^[21] In December 1938, the state of Louisiana purchased the Pontchartrain Bridge at auction,^{[lower-alpha 5]} eliminated the tolls, and re-named it after New Orleans' mayor, Robert S. Maestri.^{[lower-alpha 6][22]} Once US 11 was routed onto the Maestri Bridge, it continued south through Irish Bayou to its present southern terminus at US 90 and continued into town co-signed with US 90. The contemporary route of US 90 followed the current route from US 11 to Michoud; Old Gentilly Road to a point formerly known as Lee Station, where it rejoined Chef Menteur Highway; Chef Menteur Highway across the Industrial Canal and onto Gentilly Boulevard; Gentilly Boulevard to Paris Avenue; then south onto Paris and St. Bernard Avenues to North Broad Street; and finally, southwest onto North Broad Street to Canal Street.^[17][23] This routing of US 11 in Louisiana totaled 44.7 miles (71.9 km).^[24]

In May 1942, the opening of the Michoud Cutoff on Chef Menteur Highway bypassed the portion of Old Gentilly Road between Lee Station and Michoud, straightening the route of US 11-90 and eliminating two grade crossings.^[25][26] In 1951, the Louisiana Department of Highways eliminated several U.S. Highway concurrencies. US 51 and US 65 were removed from their concurrencies with US 61 into New Orleans, and US 11 was truncated to its present southern terminus near Irish Bayou. The number of U.S. Highway designations intersecting at Canal and North Broad Streets was thus reduced from five to two (US 61 and US 90).^[4][5][27]

Interstate 59

In July 1963, construction of I-59 was completed from Pearl River northward across the Mississippi state line with the opening of the I-59 West Pearl River Bridge.^[28] The US 11 West Pearl River Bridge, originally opened in 1926,^[29] was closed due to safety reasons in 1964 and slated for demolition.^[30] US 11 traffic was detoured onto I-59 via Exit 3 at LA 1090 (Military Road). This detour became permanent the following year with US 11 assuming its current routing co-signed with I-59 between Pearl River and Nicholson, Mississippi.^[31] The move was unpopular with the St. Tammany Parish police jury and with residents of Pearl River who would now have to travel several miles out of their way to reach Picayune, Mississippi.^[32] In response, the Louisiana Department of Highways reopened the bridge to local traffic only to declare it unsafe again in 1968.^[33] After further protests, the state made temporary repairs to the bridge to serve local traffic until an additional interchange was constructed to better connect the town with northbound I-59.^[34] Exit 5A on I-59/US 11 was opened in 1971 as part of LA 41 Spur (now LA 3081), and the old US 11 bridge was demolished.^[8][35]

Major intersections

Note: Exit numbers reflect I-59 mileage only.

Parish	Location	mi[1]	km	Exit	Destinations	Notes
Orleans	New Orleans	0.0	0.0		US 90 (Chef Menteur Highway) – New Orleans, Gulfport	Southern terminus; at Irish Bayou
		5.2– 5.8	8.4– 9.3		I‑10 – New Orleans, Slidell	Exit 254 on I-10; at Point Aux Herbes
Orleans–St. Tammany line		5.9– 10.6	9.5– 17.1	Maestri Bridge over Lake Pontchartrain
St. Tammany	Slidell	14.8	23.8		LA 433 east (Old Spanish Trail) to I‑10	South end of LA 433 concurrency
		15.1	24.3		LA 433 west (Bayou Liberty Road)	North end of LA 433 concurrency
		15.8	25.4		US 190 Bus. east (Fremaux Avenue) to I‑10	South end of US 190 Business concurrency
		16.4	26.4		US 190 west (Gause Boulevard West) – Covington US 190 east (Gause Boulevard) to I‑10 – Bay St. Louis	North end of US 190 Business concurrency
		18.2	29.3		I‑12 – Hammond, Bay St. Louis	Exit 83 on I-12
		20.7	33.3		LA 1091 south (Robert Boulevard)	Northern terminus of LA 1091
	Pearl River	21.8	35.1		LA 41 north (Watts Road) – Bogalusa LA 3081 north (Main Street)	Southern terminus of LA 41 and LA 3081
		22.4– 23.2	36.0– 37.3	3	I‑59 south – New Orleans LA 1090 south (Military Road)	South end of I-59 concurrency; northern terminus of LA 1090
	Pearl River	24.4– 24.6	39.3– 39.6	5A	LA 3081 south – Pearl River	Northern terminus of LA 3081
		24.9– 25.4	40.1– 40.9	Bridge over West Pearl River
		25.5– 25.8	41.0– 41.5	5B	Honey Island Swamp	Via Old US 11 (local road)
		31.0	49.9	11	Pearl River Turnaround	Connects to Honey Island Swamp Road (local road)
		31.1	50.1	Bridge over Pearl River
		31.2	50.2		I-59 / US 11 north – Hattiesburg	Continuation in Mississippi
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi       Concurrency terminus

Notes

References

External links

Route map: Bing

• La DOTD State, District, and Parish Maps

U.S. Route 11
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