Typhoon Vicente (2012)

Typhoon Vicente (Ferdie)
Typhoon (JMA scale)
Category 4 (Saffir–Simpson scale)

Typhoon Vicente making landfall over Guangdong, China at peak intensity on July 23
Formed July 18, 2012
Dissipated July 25, 2012
Highest winds 10-minute sustained: 150 km/h (90 mph)
1-minute sustained: 215 km/h (130 mph)
Lowest pressure 950 mbar (hPa); 28.05 inHg
Fatalities 15 total
Damage $329 million (2012 USD)
Areas affected Philippines, Hong Kong, Macau, China, Vietnam, Laos
Part of the 2012 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Vicente, known in the Philippines as Tropical Depression Ferdie, was regarded as the most powerful storm to strike southern China in recent years, as it made landfall as a powerful category 4 equivalent-typhoon. Vicente was also a powerful tropical cyclone that struck Macau and nearly impacted Hong Kong, as well as Guangdong and Guangxi provinces in China. Vicente, the eighth named storm and third typhoon in the 2012 Pacific typhoon season, began life as a tropical depression on July 18, 2012 north east of the Philippines. Vincente soon steadily moved into the South China Sea, and began to intensify above warm sea waters, and began explosive intensification early on July 23, and started to charge toward the Guangdong region prompting the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) to issue the Hurricane Signal, No. 10, the first since York in 1999.[1] Late on the same day, Vicente made landfall over Taishan in Guangdong, China.[2]

Meteorological history

Map plotting the track and intensity of the storm according to the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale

After Khanun became a tropical storm on July 16, its large area of convection associated with a tropical wave in the south began to split, and it was transformed into a tropical disturbance on July 17.[3]Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) upgraded the system to a tropical depression on July 18.[4] On July 20, the tropical depression became more organized; however, due to moderate vertical wind shear, and dry air coming from the north of the system, the low level circulation center became exposed, as it developed three multiple circulation centers. Later that day, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on the system;[5] soon, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) upgraded it to a tropical depression and named it Ferdie.[6] The JTWC also upgraded the system to a tropical depression late on the same day.[7]

After the system moved into the South China Sea on July 21, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and named it Vicente,[8] while the storm moved out of the Philippine Area of Responsibility.[9] As the system’s convection began wrapping around the circulation center, the JTWC upgraded Vicente to a tropical storm late on July 21.[10] On July 22, Vicente slowed down and looped, for the subtropical ridge northeast to the storm suddenly weakened. Late on the same day, the JMA upgraded Vicente to a severe tropical storm.[11] On July 23, because of weak vertical wind shear and high sea surface temperature, Vicente’s structure became better organized, and it started to form an eye when it moved towards Guangdong, China, prompting the JTWC upgrading Vicente to a category 1 typhoon.[12] As system continued to strengthen, it developed a few Hot towers, reaching 9.3 miles (15 km) high.Soon after, Vicente began a phase of explosive intensification near the Pearl River Delta, leading the JTWC to amend their advisory at 12Z from a 70-knot (80.5 mph/129.6 kmh) category 1 typhoon to a 120-knot(138 mph/222 kmh) category 4 typhoon in six hours, and the JMA upgraded Vicente to a typhoon around the same time.[13] When Vicente was located about 100 kilometres south-southwest of Hong Kong at 16:45 UTC on July 23, the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) issued the Hurricane Signal, No. 10, the first since York in 1999 and the farthest from Hong Kong on record.[1][14] Then, Typhoon Vicente made landfall over Taishan in Guangdong, China at 20:15 UTC, 111 kilometers west of Hong Kong, as a category 4 typhoon with winds of 213 km/h.[2] On July 24, Vicente was still holding typhoon strength, even over land, as a category 3 typhoon, with winds of 185 kmh, and the JMA downgraded Vicente to a severe tropical storm.[15][16] Later, the JMA downgraded Vicente to a tropical storm and even downgraded it to a tropical depression late on the same day.[17][18]

Preparations and impact

Philippines

The depression caused widespread rains and gusty winds in Luzon and Visayas region due to the enhancement of southwest monsoon. On July 20, classes were suspended from pre-school to high school level due to heavy rain and severe flooding. Some were stranded to their offices and residents were advised to seek in higher ground.[19] About eleven provinces in Luzon were hoisted the signal warnings as the depression crossed extreme northern Luzon.[20] Rainfall exceeding 40 mm/h was recorded under the 400 diameter of the depression. On the same time, Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration released a red warning throughout Metro Manila and nearby provinces as the depression is expected to pour down a 3 - 4pm equivalent rainfall of Typhoon Ketsana of 2009. Classes in tertiary level were cancelled. Airports and seaports were advised to not engage with the weather as zero visibility in air and sea was expected. Gale warnings were also released.[21] At least 2 people died and 6 others were officially missing.[22]

Hong Kong

A taxi drives through a flooded road in Hong Kong, caused by Typhoon Vicente's heavy rain

On July 21 at 15:40 Hong Kong Time (HKT) (07:40 UTC) after Tropical Depression 09W had come to within 800 km (500 mi) of Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Observatory, issued the Standby Signal Number 1 for the Special Administrative Region.[23] The Standby Signal Number 1 was kept in force for the next 37 hours, before as Vicente started to move towards the Southern China coast, it was replaced with the Strong Wind Signal Number 3 at 05:20 HKT on July 23 (21:20 UTC, July 22).[24] During that day, as the system moved closer to the Chinese territory local winds gradually strengthened and reached gale force offshore and on high ground, before the HKO issued the Northeast Gale or Storm Signal Number 8 at 17:40 HKT (09:40 UTC).[24][25] Local winds continued to strengthen after the Northeast Gale or Storm Signal No. 8 was issued with gales recorded generally in Hong Kong and were reaching storm force over waters in southern Hong Kong.[25] The Increasing Gale or Storm Signal No. 9 was subsequently hoisted at 23:20 HKT (15:20 UTC), when Vicente was located about 110 km (70 mi) to the south-southwest of Hong Kong, and had just intensified abruptly into a severe typhoon.[24][25]

Fallen tree branches and debris in Sha Tin Park, near Sha Tin Centre, Hong Kong.

During that night after Signal No. 9 had been issued, Vicente continued to move closer to Hong Kong and its eyewall came close to the south-western part of Hong Kong during the early hours.[25] Local winds also turned and became southeasterly with storm force winds over many places of the Special Administrative Region, reaching hurricane force in the southwestern part of Hong Kong and on high ground.[24][25] As a result for the first time since Typhoon York in 1999, the HKO issued its highest TC warning signal: the Hurricane Signal Number 10 at 00:45 HKT (16:45 UTC).[24][26] Typhoon Vicente's centre subsequently passed about 100 km (60 mi) to the southwest of the Hong Kong Observatory Headquarters between 01:00 – 02:00 HKT (17:00 – 18:00 UTC), which marked a direct hit and signifies that Vicente is the farthest TC that necessitated the issuance of Signal No. 10.[24][25] The 10-minute wind speed of Cheung Chau automatic weather station peaked at 1:25AM with a maximum of 140 km/h, proving that the highest TC warning signal was necessary. As Vicente moved away and local winds gradually subsided, the Southeast Gale or Storm Signal Number 8 was issued at 03:35 HKT (19:35 UTC) to replace Signal No. 10.[24][25] The Southeast Gale or Storm Signal Number 8 was then replaced by the Strong Wind Signal No. 3 at 10:10 HKT (02:10 UTC), which allowed business and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange to reopen and trade again.[24][27] The Signal No. 3 was replaced by Standby Signal No. 1 subsequently at 14:40 HKT (06:40 UTC). Vicente moved further away during the rest of the day and after its circulation was no longer affecting Hong Kong, all tropical cyclone warning signals were cancelled at 23:15 HKT (15:15 UTC).[24][25] However, a monsoon trough continued to bring strong winds to Hong Kong, thus requiring the issuance of Strong Monsoon Signal immediately afterwards, until 5:20AM on the next day. The weather in Hong Kong remained bad for 3 more days because of Vicente's outer rain bands and the monsoon trough. The Observatory had to issue Amber Rainstorm Warning Signal for many times, until the weather becomes fine on 28th July.

A Fallen Leucaena leucocephala tree in Hong Kong, after being battered by Typhoon Vicente.

During July 23 and 24, Typhoon Vicente's rainbands brought heavy squally showers to Hong Kong, during which over 200 millimetres (7.9 in) of rainfall was recorded over many parts of the territory, while a maximum storm surge of about 1.51 metres (5.0 ft) was recorded at Tsim Bei Tsui.[25] In Hong Kong, at least 138 people were injured during the passage of Vicente.[25] The number of fallen trees amounted to about 8 800.[25] There were two reports of landslip and 7 reports of flooding.[25] Dangerous signboards or fallen scaffoldings were reported in many parts of the territory, resulting in closure of some roads and damage to many vehicles.[25] A wooden board was blown up by strong winds in Connaught Road Central, hitting a number of passers-by and knocking one of them unconscious.[25] During the storm, the East Rail line of the Mass Transit Railway had to halt service because of damage of overhead cables by toppling trees.[25] As a result, hundreds of commuters were forced to spend the night in trains or at the MTR stations. Crops were damaged by flood waters in some farmlands in Sheung Shui.[25] A small craft ran aground in Deep Water Bay and was damaged.[25] Seven containers fell overboard from a freighter in waters nearby and about 150 tons of plastic pellets drifted over the sea towards Macao or were washed ashore.[25] At the Hong Kong International Airport, at least 90 flights were cancelled, over 446 flights delayed and 50 flights were diverted because of Typhoon Vicente on July 23 - 24.[25]

8800 trees were destroyed (which set a new record) and much debris crashed into downtown streets as people made their way home from work, being told to take shelter. Ferry, bus and train services were suspended or ran at reduced capacity. The ports and schools were closed, and at least 60 passenger flights were cancelled, while more than 270 flights were delayed. The stock exchange was also closed in the morning. Almost 140 injured people sought medical treatment and 268 people took refuge in storm shelters in Hong Kong. Hong Kong local media also reported that more than 100 people stayed in the Tai Wai train station overnight, unable to get home after services were suspended. There were no deaths.[1][28][29][30]

Macao

On July 21 at 18:00 Macao Standard Time (MST) (10:00 UTC) after Vicente had come to within 800 km (495 mi) of Macau, the Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau, issued the Standby Signal Number One for the Special Administrative Region.[31]

China

Striking Guangdong Province as a powerful typhoon, Vicente caused considerable damage in the region. Strong winds from the storm destroyed 500 homes and damaged 13,600 hectares (33,600 acres) of crops. Approximately 500,000 people were affected by the storm, of which 75,000 were evacuated and in need of assistance.[32] In Shenzhen, high winds from the typhoon damaged about 115,000 trees, of which 30,000 were downed. Many of these fell on buildings and cars, causing additional damage. According to post-storm surveys, at least 2,770 cars were damaged or destroyed in the city, with losses amounting to 13.2 million yuan (US$2.1 million). Eight hundred properties reported storm-related damage with total losses exceeding 50 million yuan (US$7.9 million).[33] Throughout the province, three people were killed and economic losses reached 180 million yuan (US$28.2 million).[32]

Although the storm had weakened considerably by the time it moved into Guangxi Province, heavy rains associated with it triggered damaging floods. A total of 1,886 homes were destroyed and 18,690 hectares (46,100 acres) of crops were damaged. Losses throughout the province reached 92.1 million yuan (US$14.4 million). In neighboring Guizhou Province heavy rains exacerbated ongoing floods and resulted in four fatalities. More than 400 homes were destroyed, 17,800 hectares (44,000 acres) of crops were damaged, and economic losses reached 130 million yuan (US$20.4 million).[34]

Vietnam

The remnants of Typhoon Vicente moved into the northeastern Vietnam and caused heavy rain within the area, with various areas recording storm rainfall totals off between 20–363 mm (0.79–14.29 in).[35] This resulted in landslides and significant flash floods within the Red and Thai Binh rivers and landslides.Throughout the country, ten people were killed and one other was listed as missing. A total of 479 homes and 2,492 hectares (6,157 acres) were damaged.[36] About 20 families were evacuated in Son La province. Damage was estimated at 1 billion dong ($48,000 USD) in Dien Bien province, located west of the capital city of Hanoi.[37]

Retirement

To avoid confusion in the Western North Pacific and Easter North Pacific name for "Vincent", the name was retired and replaced with Lan .

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "強颱風韋森特超勁 天文台改發10號波". Sharp Daily. July 23, 2012. Retrieved July 24, 2012.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 ""韦森特"24日4时15分前后登陆广东台山沿海". Sina News. July 23, 2012. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
  3. ↑ http://www.eosnap.com/?s=92wThe
  4. ↑ "WWJP25 RJTD 181200". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 18, 2012. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
  5. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. July 20, 2012. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
  6. ↑ "Severe Weather Bulletin Number ONE". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. July 20, 2012. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
  7. ↑ "Tropical Depression 09W Advisory One". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. July 20, 2012. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
  8. ↑ "Tropical Storm Vicente Tropical Cyclone Advisory 211200". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 21, 2012. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
  9. ↑ "Severe Weather Bulletin Number SIX". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. July 21, 2012. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
  10. ↑ "Tropical Storm 09W (Vicente) Advisory Five". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. July 21, 2012. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
  11. ↑ "Severe Tropical Storm Vicente Tropical Cyclone Advisory 221800". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 22, 2012. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
  12. ↑ "Typhoon 09W (Vicente) Advisory Eleven". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. July 23, 2012. Retrieved July 28, 2012.
  13. ↑ "Typhoon Vicente Tropical Cyclone Advisory 231200". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 23, 2012. Retrieved July 28, 2012.
  14. ↑ "Severe Typhoon Vicente (with photos)". Hong Kong Observatory. July 26, 2012. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
  15. ↑ "Severe Tropical Storm Vicente Tropical Cyclone Advisory 240000". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 24, 2012. Retrieved July 28, 2012.
  16. ↑ "Typhoon 09W (Vicente) Advisory Fourteen". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. July 24, 2012. Retrieved July 28, 2012.
  17. ↑ "Tropical Storm Vicente Tropical Cyclone Advisory 241200". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 24, 2012. Retrieved July 28, 2012.
  18. ↑ "Tropical Depression Vicente Tropical Cyclone Advisory 241800". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 24, 2012. Retrieved July 28, 2012.
  19. ↑ Kids welcome class suspension, play in the rain, GMA News
  20. ↑ http://www.interaksyon.com/article/38069/tropical-depression-ferdie-pummels-luzon-storm-signal-up-in-11-areas
  21. ↑ Tropical Depression Ferdie Soaks Luzon Stays in PH till Monday
  22. ↑ 2 killed, 6 missing as floods hit Manila
  23. ↑ Hong Kong Observatory (July 21, 2012). "Number 119 – Tropical Cyclone Bulletin (Signal No. 1)" (Press Weather Report). Hong Kong Government. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 24.5 24.6 24.7 24.8 "Tropical Cyclone Warning Signals: Vicente". HKO Warnings and Signals Database. Hong Kong Observatory. Archived from the original on June 2, 2013. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.6 25.7 25.8 25.9 25.10 25.11 25.12 25.13 25.14 25.15 25.16 25.17 25.18 Severe Typhoon Vicente (1208) (Tropical Cyclone Report). Tropical Cyclones Affecting Hong Kong in 2012. Hong Kong Observatory. December 21, 2012.
  26. ↑ "Severe Typhoon Vicente" (Press release). Hong Kong Observatory. December 21, 2012.
  27. ↑ Chen Te-ping (July 23, 2012). "Typhoon Vicente Slams Hong Kong". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 3, 2013.
  28. ↑ "Hong Kong lashed by strong typhoon". BBC News. 24 July 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
  29. ↑ Lai, Alexis (24 July 2012). "Hong Kong cleans up in aftermath of Typhoon Vicente". CNN International. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
  30. ↑ "Hong Kong hit by strong typhoon". The Guardian. 24 July 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
  31. ↑ Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau. Member Report of Macao, China. 7th Integrated Workshop: November 26 – 29, 2012. Nanjing, China: The ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. pp. 4–5. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 2, 2013. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Lu Hui (July 24, 2012). "Three dead, six missing as Typhoon Vicente lands in S China". Xinhua General News. Relief Web. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
  33. ↑ "Shenzhen cleans up in aftermath of Typhoon Vicente". Shenzhen Daily. July 26, 2012. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
  34. ↑ Lu Hui (July 26, 2012). "400,000 affected by Typhoon Vicente in Guangxi". Xinhua General News. Relief Web. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
  35. ↑ National Center for Hydro-Megeorological Forecasting of Vietnam. Member Report of The Socialist Republic of Vietnam. 7th Integrated Workshop: November 26 – 29, 2012. Nanjing, China: The ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 2, 2013. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
  36. ↑ United Nations Country Team in Vietnam (July 30, 2012). "Tropical storm Vicente (No.4) Situation Report No. 3 July 30, 2012". Relief Web. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
  37. ↑ "5 killed, 3 missing in flash floods, landslides triggered by Typhoon Vicente in Vietnam". Xinhua. 2012-07-27. Retrieved 2012-07-28.

External links

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