Tyntchtykbek Tchoroev

Tyntchtykbek Tchoroev (Chorotegin)
Born 28 March 1959
On-Archa village, Naryn district, Kyrgyzstan
Residence Prague, the Czech Republic
Citizenship Kyrgyzstan
Nationality Kyrgyzstani
Fields History, Oriental studies, Turkic studies, Journalism
Institutions Kyrgyz National University, (in 1980-2006 with intervals)
Alma mater

Kyrgyz National University, Bishkek

Oriental Institute of Uzbekistan’s Academy of Sciences, Tashkent
Doctoral advisor Academician Bori Akhmedov
Other academic advisors Academician Bori Akhmedov
Notable students Dr. Arslan Kapay uulu Koichiev, Prof. Oljobay Karataev, Dr. Akylbek Kylychev
]
Notable awards The Glory Medal of Kyrgyzstan

Tyntchtykbek Kadyrmambetovich Tchoroev (Chorotegin) (in Kyrgyz - Тынчтыкбек Чороев (Чоротегин), a Kyrgyz historian, publicist and journalist. President of the Kyrgyz History Society (elected on 11 February 2012), Doctor of History (1998), Professor of the Kyrgyz State National University (2002). Dr. Tchoroev is currently an independent researcher. Recently, he has worked as a broadcaster of Radio Azattyk, i.e. Kyrgyz Service of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (he was Director of the Kyrgyz Service between 1 January 2003 and 30 September 2010).

A short biography

He was born in the village of Echki-Bashy in the On-Archa village government in Naryn district of Naryn region in Northern Kyrgyzstan on 28 March 1959. His grand father Choro (Choro-Hajji) Aity uulu was a wealthy person who made a pilgrimage to Mecca.

Choro-Hajji died a little bit earlier than the launch of the extradition campaign for the rich Kyrgyz people by the Stalinist regime in the last years of the 1920s. Choro Hajji's mausoleum built in the 1927-28, still exists near the village of Echki-Bashy. Choro-Hajji's older son, Bekbolot, died during the Stalinist purge, due to his connection with a wealthy family.

Choro-Hajji's wife, Suyumkan Malay kyzy, was a daughter of a wealthy person from a neighboring Ming-Bulak village. She was educated before the Soviet regime, that is why she could read Koran in Arabic.

Kadyrmambet Tchoroev (or Choroev), the older son of Choro and Suyumkan, was married to his cousin, Aliya Kydyraaly kyzy, the daughter of Kydyraaly and Seidana Malay kyzy. Seidana was also a well educated woman, who could read Koran and write in Arabic script.

However, the Arabic script was officially banned in Kyrgyzstan since 1928-29, when the Soviet Kyrgyz were transferred to the Latin script (until 1939-40), and, due to that, the grand mothers of Tyntchtykbek were officially recognized as "uneducated" women.

Kadyrmambet and Aliya had five sons and three daughters. Tyntchtykbek was the fourth in the family.

In the early years, he was brought up by both Suyumkan and Seidana, the grand mothers from father's and mother's side.

Tyntchtykbek used to go to the summer-time pasture of Solton-Sary together with the family until the autumn of 1966.

The older brothers and his older sister helped him to learn ABC even before he started to go to a primary school.

He started to go to the Echki-Bashy village school in September 1966.

After finishing the 8th class in the village, he went to the provincial town of Naryn to study the upper classes of the No 1 Toktogul Satylganov secondary school there.

He graduated the school with a silver medal in 1976.

Then he became a student of the history faculty at the Kyrgyz State University (now - the Kyrgyz National University named after Jusup Balasagyn).

During his student time, he was actively participating in the scholarly and literature circles in the capital city of Frunze (nowadays Bishkek).

He graduated the university in Bishkek with the so-called "Red diploma" in 1981.

Education and scholarly background

He graduated at the History Faculty of the Kyrgyz State University (now - the Kyrgyz National University) in Bishkek (then - Frunze), the capital of then Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic in 1981. He studied in Tashkent at the Oriental Institute named after Abu Reihan Beruni of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences in 1983-1988 and defended his first doctoral thesis devoted to the Eastern Turkic groups' migrations in the 9th - 13th centuries according to the medieval Muslim sources (in Russian language; Tashkent, December 1988).

He led the Chair of the Ancient and Medieval History (1989–1991) and the Chair of the Asian and African States History (1992–1994) at the Kyrgyz National University. Then he studied at the high doctorate at the same university (1994–1997) and defended his doctoral thesis devoted to the epoch and life of Mahmud al-Kashghari (al-Barsqani), the Eastern Turkic scholar lived in the 11th century, and his scientific legacy. It was defended at the Kyrgyzstan National Academy of Sciences on 10 April 1998 (in Kyrgyz language).

Dr. Tyntchtykbek Tchoroev (Chorotegin) during his visit to Berlin, Germany. 17 July 2008.

Textbooks and Turkology publications

Tchoroev (Chorotegin) has published several monographs and books in Kyrgyz and Russian languages (since 1990) and several textbooks devoted to the ancient and medieval history of the Kyrgyz people and their neighbors in Central and Inner Asia.

The first post-Soviet Kyrgyz textbooks for the secondary schools in Kyrgyzstan by him in co-authorship with Professor Toktorbek Omurbekov have been translated from Kyrgyz into Russian and Uzbek languages.

The textbooks for the secondary schools are being officially distributed by the Education Ministry in Kyrgyzstan since 1996 until now (January 2013).

Some his articles on Kyrgyz history and medieval sources were published by UNESCO, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Kyrgyz National Encyclopedia, Soviet Encyclopedia, etc. (in Kyrgyzstan, the USA, Western Europe, Russia, Turkey, China, Uzbekistan).

Public activities

Tyntchtykbek Chorotegin (Tchoroev) together with Azamat Altay (1920-2006), the first broadcaster and former Director of the RFE/RL Kyrgyz Service, at the old headquarters of RFE/RL in Prague, Czech Republic (6 June 2003).

Tchoroev (Chorotegin) was a pioneer and a member of the Kyrgyzstan Komsomol during his childhood time as an ordinary child of his country, then a part of the Soviet Union.

At that time he was not aware that his father’s elder brother was a victim of the Stalinist purge and died in an unknown part of Soviet Russia in a camp of the so-called Gulag. His view of the world was gradually changed in 1980-1988? especially, during the Perestroyka era.

In 1987-88, during the era of Perestroika in the U.S.S.R., he was one of the Kyrgyz intellectuals to fight for the equal statute of the Kyrgyz language with the official Russian language in his native republic.

In 1989, during the Perestroika epoch, he became one of the young Kyrgyz intellectuals to fight for a national identity of the Kyrgyz people. He was a founding member and one of the leaders of the Kyrgyzstan’s Young Historians Association, the first nongovernmental organization of the Kyrgyz historians to challenge the official Soviet Kyrgyz historiography.

First, he was deputy chairman, then the chairman of the Kyrgyzstan’s Young Historians Association which was established despite the obstacles from then Communist leadership in Kyrgyzstan, on 3 June 1989. It was the first nongovernmental organization to hold its founding conference in the Kyrgyz language with a simultaneous Russian translation.

The Kyrgyzstan Writers Union, led by a prominent writer and statesman Chyngyz Aitmatov, supported the young Kyrgyz historians by allowing them to hold their conference in the Union's hall (free of charge).

He was a co-author of the new program of the Kyrgyz history for the secondary schools published in September 1989 in both Kyrgyz and Russian languages in the Mugalimder Gazetasy (The Teachers’ Newspaper), the official media outlet of the Kyrgyz Education Ministry, where the previous Kyrgyz historiography views were challenged by the new ideas.

He was elected as a member of the Board of the Kyrgyz Republic's Public Radio and TV Broadcasting Company (KTRK) by the Kyrgyzstan Parliament on 18 April 2012.

He became a member of the Official commission for development of the history science under Kyrgyz President (the decree was signed by the Kyrgyz President Almazbek Atambayev on 25 April 2012.)

Political activities

In 1990 January and February, Tchoroev (Chorotegin) participated at the protest rally of the democracy-oriented Kyrgyz youth in Bishkek. Then he was one of the main organizers of the round tables with participation of the young Kyrgyz scholars, students and young workers and the Kyrgyz Soviet officials (February – April 1990).

In April, Tchoroev (Chorotegin) became a member of the underground political party of Asaba (Flag), and participated at the first ever anti-Communist rally organized by the party on 1 May 1990 in Bishkek. The columns of the rally participants followed by the officially allowed Communist-run columns through the Central Ala-Too square in Bishkek.

The difference of the Asaba Party’s column was in their slogans written on the blue placards demanding to build democracy and to stop the one-party-ruling system in Soviet Kyrgyzstan.

Tchoroev (Chorotegin) was one of the organizers of the Kyrgyzstan Democratic Movement (Kyrgyzstan Demokratialyk Kyimyly, KDK), the first umbrella bloc for several opposition parties, movements and nongovernment organizations in Kyrgyzstan. (See: Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstan.)

The founding Congress of the KDK was held in Bishkek on 25–26 May 1990. At the Congress, he presented a report on the Regulations of the KDK (he was the author of the draft of the Regulations. The core ideas of the KDK’s Regulations were based upon similar documents of the anti-Communist movements of the Baltic states).

In October 1990, he participated at the international conference of the anti-Communist organizations from several Soviet republics, including some separatist republics, in Kiev. He witnessed the anti-Communist hunger strike of the Ukrainian students there.

In 19–27 October 1990, Tchoroev (Chorotegin) also was amongst organizers and active participants of the similar hunger strike action in Frunze (nowadays Bishkek), the capital city of Kyrgyzstan, organized by the KDK.

The protest action with demands to democratize then the Soviet Central Asian republic, ended with the victory of the democracy-oriented politicians: Askar Akayev, a Kyrgyz academician who started to criticize the ruling Communist regime, was elected by the parliament as the first ever Kyrgyzstan President.

In 1992, he was one of the co-authors of the alternate draft of the post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan Constitution (published in both Kyrgyz and Russian). He was a member of the Free Kyrgyzstan (Erkin Kyrgyzstan) Democratic Party at that time.

Since the beginning of 1993, Tchoroev (Chorotegin) ceased all the political activities (including the party membership) due to his journalism duties and scholarly career.

Journalism, literature, and reporting

His first ever political pamphlet was published by the monthly satirical and humorous magazine of "Chalkan" (Stinging-Nettle) in October 1974, when he was still a school boy. It was written under influence of the Soviet propaganda machine about the Western world.

Tchoroev (Chorotegin) published several humorous short stories in Kyrgyz in several newspapers, magazines, almanacs and a small book (1974–1986).

He published a lot of reports and publicist articles on cultural and social life of Kyrgyzstanis, people of Central Asia and China in Kyrgyz and Russian languages.

Tchoroev (Chorotegin) translated two books from English into Kyrgyz: The Fatal Conceit: The Errors of Socialism, 1988, by Friedrich August von Hayek, published in Bishkek in 1998 (ISBN 9967-11-025-2) and The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community: With a Retrospective Essay, 1991, by William Hardy McNeill (its ancient and early medieval ages part), published in Bishkek in 2002 (ISBN 9967-11-133-X). The both translations were published by the Soros-Kyrgyzstan Foundation.

He edited several books in Kyrgyz and Russian, including monographs by a Kyrgyz orientalist Omurkul Kara uulu (Karaev), a Russian archeology professor Yuliy Khudiakov, the Kyrgyz historians Arslan Koichiev, Akylbek Kylychev, Oljobay Karatayev, a lawyer Sabyrbek Kojonaliev, some English-Kyrgyz dictionaries for children, etc.

In 1991 April Tchoroev (Chorotegin) became the second freelancer to work for the Kyrgyz Service of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty inside the country.

He was the first chief of the Bishkek Bureau of the Radio Azattyk (the Kyrgyz Service of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty) in 1992–1995, 1996–1998).

Tchoroev (Chorotegin) worked as a producer of the BBC Kyrgyz Service (based in London) in April 1998 – July 2000.

He became a broadcaster of the Radio Azattyk (the Kyrgyz Service of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, based in Prague) since 25 July 2000. He was the director of the Service between 1 January 2003 and 30 September 2010.

On 16 August 2011, he ceased his broadcaster's position at the Prague headquarters of the Radio Azattyk.

Currently, he is an independent researcher based in Bishkek.

He is one of the active members of the Kyrgyz-language Wikipedia movement (since 2009).

Family

He had been married to Nurgul Dykanalieva, a Kyrgyzstan citizen (on 15 May 1982).

She had graduated the bibliography and librarian branch of the philology faculty at the Kyrgyz women pedagogy university (now - the Kyrgyz State Pedagogy University named after Eshenally Arabay uulu.) She died in the Bishkek city hospital due to massive stroke on 17 September 2012.

He married to Dr. Aishat Botobekova, a philologist and expert on Kyrgyz people's sign and gesture systems, in Bishkek on 9 November 2013.

He has a son and daughters.

Selected bibliography

As a sole author
  1. Historiography of Post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan, in: International Journal for Middle East Studies, 2002, Vol. 34, p. 351-374 (USA); (2002 Cambridge Un-ty Press 0020-7438/02 )
  2. The Kyrgyz Republic, in: The Turks (English language edition) / Edited by Hasan Celal Güzel, C. Cem Oguz, and Osman Karatay; Published by Yeni Turkiye Research & Publishing Center. Ankara, 2002. Hard cover, 6 volumes, 6000 pages, ISBN 975-6782-55-2. (this chapter is in the 6th vol.).
  3. Etnicheskiye situatsii v tyurkskikh regionakh Tsentral'noi Azii domongol'skogo vremeni: Po musul'manskim istochnikam IX-XIII vv., edited by Professor Bori Ahmedov. - Bishkek, 1995. – 208 p., ill., map. (in Russian);
  4. Makhmud Kashghari (Barskani) jana anyn "Divanu lughati t-turk" söz jyinaghy: (1072–1077), edited by Omurkul Kara-uulu. Bishkek, 1997. – 160 p., ill., map. (in Kyrgyz); (ISBN 5-655-01222-7)
  5. ‘The Kyrgyz’; in: The History of Civilisations of Central Asia, Vol. 5, Development in contrast: from the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century /Editors: Ch. Adle and Irfan Habib. Co-editor: Karl M. Baipakov. – UNESCO Publishing. Multiple History Series. Paris. 2003. - Chapter 4, p. 109 – 125. (ISBN 92-3-103876-1) See: http://www.unesco.org/culture/asia/
  6. Ocherki istorii kyrgyzov i Kyrgyzstana: (From Ancient Times Until the End of the 18th Century), in: Kyrgyzy: 14-ti tomnik. 11-i tom. Istochniki, istoriya, etnografiya, kul'tura, fol'klor / Sostaviteli Kengesh Jusupov, Kanybek Imanaliev; redaktory Temir Asanovm Ryskul Joldoshov. - Bishkek: Biyiktik Publishing House, 2011. - P. 157-195. – ISBN 978-9967-13-792-9. (In Russian.)
  7. Kratkiy kurs po izucheniyu arabskoi grafiki sovremennykh kyrgyzov KNR: Uchebnoie posobiye dlya studentov-istorikov / Otv. red. Prof. T.N.Omurbekov. - Bishkek: Kyrgyznatsuniversitet, 2002. - 22 p. – ISBN 9967-403-49-7. (In Russian.)
Books published in collaboration
  1. with B.Urstanbekov: Kyrgyz tarykhy: Kyskacha entsiklopediyalyk sözdük, Frunze, Kyrgyz Sovet Entsiklopediyasynyn Bashky redaktsiyasy, 1990. – 288 pages. (in Kyrgyz); (ISBN 5-89750-028-2)
  2. with T.Omurbekov: "Tündük Kyrgyzstandyn Orusiiaga karatylyshy (1855–1868)", Bishkek, 1992 (in Kyrgyz);
  3. with T.Omurbekov: Kyrgyzdardyn jana Kyrgyzstandyn tarykhy: Ezelki zamandan VII k. bashyna cheyin: 6-klass, Bishkek, 1997 (in Kyrgyz); (re-published in new version in 2002. Bishkek.)
  4. with T.Omurbekov: Kyrgyzdardyn jana Kyrgyzstandyn tarykhy: VII k. bashy - XVIII k. ayaghy: 7-klass, Bishkek, 1998 (in Kyrgyz); (re-published in new version in 2002. – Edited by Oskon Osmonov. Bishkek. 2002. – 202 pages, ill., map. ISBN 5-655-01416-5)
  5. with T.Omurbekov: Kyrgyzdardyn jana Kyrgyzstandyn tarykhy: (XIX k. bashy - 1917-jyl): 8-klass, Bishkek, 1998 (in Kyrgyz); (re-published in new version in 2003. – Bishkek.)
  6. with Omurbekov Toktorbek, Marchenko Larisa. Istoriya Kyrgyzstana: (S drevneishih vremion do nachala IX v. n. e.): Nachal’niy kurs. 6-y klass. / Spets. Redactor Murat Imankulov. Translated from Kyrgyz into Russian by J.Judemisheva and J.Alymkulov. – Bishkek: Pedagogika Printing House. 2001. – 152 pages, ill. Map. (ISBN 9967-415-41-X)
  7. with Omurbekov Toktorbek. Istoriya Kyrgyzstana: (IX – XVIII vv. ). 7-y klass. / Spets. Redactor Oskon Osmonov. Translated from Kyrgyz into Russian by J.Judemisheva. – Bishkek: Izdatel’skiy tsentr Ministerstva obrazovaniya I kul’tury "Tekhnologiya". 2003. – 184 pages, ill., map. (ISBN 5-85580-007-5)
  8. with Omurbekov Toktorbek. Istoriya Kyrgyzstana: (XIX v. – 1917 g.). 8-y klass. / Spets. Redactor Oskon Osmonov. Translated from Kyrgyz into Russian by M. Nurtumova. – Bishkek: Izdatel’skiy tsentr Ministerstva obrazovaniya I kul’tury "Tekhnologiya". 2003. – 192 pages, ill. (ISBN 5-85580-007-5)
  9. with T.Omurbekov: Kyrgyzdardyn jana Kyrgyzstandyn tarykhy: XVII - XX k. bashy, Bishkek, 1995 (in Kyrgyz);
  10. with K.Moldokasymov: Kyrgyzdardyn jana Kyrgyzstandyn kyskacha taryhy, Bishkek, 2000 (in Kyrgyz);
  11. with K.Moldokasymov: Istoriya Kyrgyzstana; in: Kyrgyzstan: Entsiklopediya, Bishkek, 2001 (in the separate Kyrgyz and Russian editions);
  12. with U.A.Asanov, A.Z.Jumanazarova: Kto est' kto v kyrgyzskoi nauke: Bio-bibliograficheskiy spravochnik, Bishkek, 1997 (in Russian);
  13. with U.A.Asanov, A.Z.Jumanazarova: Kyrgyzskaia nauka v litsah: Kratkiy istoricheskiy I bio- bibliograficheskiy svod / Otv. Red. U.A.Asanov. – Bishkek: Tsentr gosyazyka I entsiklopedii. 2002. – 544 pages, ill., map. (ISBN 5-89750-142-4)
  14. with T.Turgunally, K.Asanaliev, M.Kerimbaev: Kyrgyz Jumuriyatynyn Konstitutsiyasynyn dolbooru: Al'ternativdik dolboor. Proyekt Konstitutsii Respubliki Kyrgyzstan: Al'ternativnyi proekt, Bishkek, 1992 ( An Alternative Draft of the Kyrgyz Republic’s Constitution; in Kyrgyz and Russian); etc.

References

    Sources

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