Turks in Tunisia

Turks in Tunisia
Total population
500,000[1] - 2,400,000[2][3]
20%[2] to as much as 25% of Tunisia's population are of Turkish origin[4]
Regions with significant populations
Languages
Religion
Sunni Islam

The Turks in Tunisia, also known as Turco-Tunisians[5] and Tunisian Turks,[6] (Arabic: أتراك تونس‎ French: Turcs de Tunisie Turkish: Tunus Türkleri) are the ethnic Turks who constitute a minority group in Tunisia.[7] In 1534, with about 10,000 Turkish soldiers, the Ottoman Empire took control and settled in the region when Tunisia's inhabitants called for help due to fears that the Spanish would invade the country.[8] Thus, during the Ottoman rule, the Turks colonized and dominated the political life of the region for centuries; as a result, the ethnic mix of Tunisia changed with the migration of Turks from Anatolia and the evolvement of the "Kouloughlis" who are people of mixed Turkish and central Maghrebi blood.[9][10][11]

Demographics

Families of Turkish origin live mainly near the coastal cities, such as Tunis and Mahdia, and the islands (such as Djerba), although there are also many living within central Tunisia as well.[12][13]

Religion

The Ottoman Turks brought with them the teaching of the Hanafi School of Islam during the Ottoman rule of Tunisia which still survives among the Turkish descended families today.[14] Traditionally, Turco-Tunisian mosques have octagonal minarets.[14] Examples of Ottoman-Turkish mosques include:

Notable people

The Turks in Tunisia were traditionally a privileged élite in Tunisia who held positions in the military and the bureaucracy.[15] However, by the nineteenth century, marriages with the local population linked the ruling families to indigenous notables. At this time, many Turks also turned to commerce and the crafts, initially in the Souq el-Trouk (the Bazaar of the Turks), where a considerable number of merchants of Turkish ancestry emerged. The Turks also entered the corps of artisans.[15] The Ben Romdhan family, who are of Turkish origin, claim much of the notable Tunisian families of Mahdia such as the Hamza, Turki, Gazdagli, Agha, and Snène families.[16] Other prominent Tunisian families of Turkish origin include the Bayram's, Belkhodja's, El Materi's, Sfar's, Osman's and the Slim's.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Akar 1993, 95.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Zaman. "Türk işadamları Tunus’ta yatırım imkanı aradı". Retrieved 2013-03-27.
  3. ↑ Ertan, Fikret (1998), Tunus ve tarih, Zaman.
  4. ↑ Hizmetli 1953, 10.
  5. ↑ Hourani & Ruthven 2002, 129.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Today's Zaman. "Turks in northern Africa yearn for Ottoman ancestors". Retrieved 2012-03-18.
  7. ↑ UNESCO 2009, 9.
  8. ↑ UNESCO 2009, 12.
  9. ↑ Tunisia Today. "Vient de paraître "Tribus : des origines à la dislocation"". Retrieved 2012-04-18.
  10. ↑ UNESCO 2009, 13.
  11. ↑ Milli Gazete. "Levanten Türkler". Retrieved 2012-03-19.
  12. ↑ Leaders. "Le Monde Arabe et la Turquie: les prémices d'une entente". Retrieved 2013-03-29.
  13. ↑ Delarosbil, Dave (2006), Mahdia : histoire et société (PDF), Université de Montréal, p. 7
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Jacobs & Morris 2002, 460.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Green 1978, 47.
  16. ↑ Khouaja 1962, 89.
  17. ↑ Tunisia Today. "Ahmed Abdelkefi, la machine à idées!". Retrieved 2012-04-18.
  18. ↑ Déjeux 1984, 269.
  19. ↑ Brett & Fentress 1997, 178.
  20. ↑ Smida 1971, 340.
  21. ↑ Union Nationale de la Femme Tunisienne. "Asma Belkhodja-Rébaï, une pionnière du mouvement féministe tunisien (1930-2011)". Retrieved 2013-03-29.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Africa Time. "Histoire et repères: Grandes figures tunisiennes". Retrieved 2013-04-04.
  23. ↑ Puaux 1954, 16.
  24. ↑ Derrick 2008, 52.
  25. ↑ Toute la Tunisie. "Mahmoud Ben Mahmoud". Retrieved 2012-04-17.
  26. ↑ Hurriyet. "Umarım yakında bütün Arap kadınları Tunuslularla aynı haklara sahip olur". Retrieved 2013-03-24.
  27. ↑ Last FM. "Lotfi Bouchnak". Retrieved 2012-04-17.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 Ferté & Barrera 2010, 252.
  29. ↑ Paul Lambert, Dictionnaire illustré de La Tunisie : choses et gens de Tunisie, éd. C. Saliba aîné, Tunis, 1912, p. 157
  30. ↑ Granara 2010, 79.
  31. ↑ Toute la Tunisie. "Ali Douagi". Retrieved 2012-04-17.
  32. ↑ Leaders. "Abderrahman Dziri". Retrieved 2013-03-29.
  33. ↑ Leaders. "La princesse Nazli Fadhel en Tunisie: une figure moderniste". Retrieved 2013-03-29.
  34. ↑ Mohamed El Aziz Ben Achour, Catégories de la société tunisoise dans la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle, éd. Institut national d'archéologie et d'art, Tunis, 1989, p. 235
  35. ↑ Africa Time. "Les pionniers du théâtre et de la TV en Tunisie-Mohamed Lahbib : le kawkeb du théâtre arabe en Tunisie". Retrieved 2013-03-27.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 TelQuel. "TUNISIE. Où s’arrêtera Sakhr El Materi?". Retrieved 2013-03-27.
  37. ↑ Ferchiou 2001, 305.
  38. ↑ Africa Time. "Chafia Rochdy : la voix cristalline venue du Sud". Retrieved 2013-03-27.
  39. ↑ Festival Tetouan. "Hommages 2012: Hichem Rostom , Acteur Tunisien". Retrieved 2012-04-18.
  40. ↑ Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. "Sultans Are No Sultans: Mourad Salem". Retrieved 2013-10-13.
  41. ↑ Rachid Sfar. "Le LEADERS TAHAR SFAR CO-FONDATEUR AVEC BOURGUIBA DU PARTI TUNISIEN NEO-DESTOUR FUT DE 1925 à 1928 UN ETUDIANT EXCEPTIONNEL". Retrieved 2014-06-07.
  42. ↑ Bidwell 2012, 388.
  43. ↑ Arab Women Writers. "Najiya Thamir". Retrieved 2012-04-17.
  44. ↑ Women of Tunisia. "Tunisian women Yesterday and Today: Nejia Thameur". Retrieved 2012-04-17.
  45. ↑ Toute la Tunisie. "Hédi Turki". Retrieved 2012-04-17.
  46. ↑ Toute la Tunisie. "Yahia Ben Mahmoud El Hajjem Turki". Retrieved 2012-04-17.
  47. ↑ Toute la Tunisie. "Zoubeïr Turki". Retrieved 2012-04-17.

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