Trichomycterus

Trichomycterus
Trichomycterus areolatus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Siluriformes
Family: Trichomycteridae
Subfamily: Trichomycterinae
Genus: Trichomycterus
Valenciennes, 1832
Type species
Trichomycterus nigricans
Valenciennes, 1832

Trichomycterus is the largest genus of pencil catfish, with over 160 species currently described. This genus is native to Central and South America.

Taxonomy

This genus is defined by the lack of specializations found in other trichomycterids and is certainly polyphyletic.[1][2] Although known to contain many species, Trichomycterus is poorly known with many of the known species based on brief descriptions.[1] Many species have been described recently and many more are waiting to be described.[3]

Some authors have tentatively defined putative monophyletic assemblages within the genus Trichomycterus based on the possession of unique morphological features.[1] The T. brasiliensis species-complex includes T. brasiliensis, T. iheringi, T. maracaya, T. mimonha, T. potschi, T. vermiculatus, T. pirabitira and several undescribed species apparently endemic to the main river basins draining the Brazilian Shield.[4] However, an assemblage of species from south and southeastern Brazil is also supported that includes T. guaraquessaba, T. iheringi, T. nigricans, T. davisi, T. stawiarski, T. castroi, T. triguttatum, T. immaculatus, T. itatiayae, T. mirissumba, T. zonatus, T. naipi, T. taboba, T. papilliferus, T. mboycy, and T. plumbeus.[2] T. aguarague, T. alterus, T. boylei, T. ramosus, and T. belensis also form a diagnosable species assemblage.[5]

Distribution and habitat

Species of Trichomycterus inhabit a diversity of habitats throughout South and Central America from Costa Rica in the north to Patagonia in the south, and from lowland Atlantic rainforest in the east to Andean streams in the west.[5] A number of species of Trichomycterus are known from various mid- to high-elevation localities in western Argentina; in these upland regions the species of Trichomycterus are among the few, or sometimes only, fishes occupying water bodies at middle to higher elevations.[6] About 60 nominal species are endemic to the river basins draining the Andes and hills of the Guianan Shield, and about 30 species are endemic to river basins draining the Brazilian Shield.[7]

Despite the broad distribution of the genus, most species have limited distributions, and usually are restricted to only one river.[8] Wide-ranging species are most likely complexes of species that are difficult to differentiate, such as the T. brasiliensis species-complex.[4] Trichomycterus gorgona, from a small stream on Gorgona Island located west of the Pacific coast of Colombia, is the first known trichomycterid to be endemic to an offshore island.[9]

Six troglobitic species are in the genus Trichomycterus: Trichomycterus chaberti, T. itacarambiensis, T. santanderensis, T. spelaeus, and T. uisae.[10]

Description

These fish are generally small, usually about 50–150 millimetres (2–6 in) SL.[1] Species differ from one another primarily in body proportions, fin ray counts, and colouration.[5]

Species

There are currently 165 recognized species in this genus:

  • Trichomycterus mariamole M. A. Barbosa & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2010
  • Trichomycterus mboycy Wosiacki & Garavello, 2004 [22]
  • Trichomycterus megantoni L. A. Fernández & Chuquihuamaní, 2007 [23]
  • Trichomycterus meridae Regan, 1903
  • Trichomycterus migrans Dahl, 1960
  • Trichomycterus mimonha W. J. E. M. Costa, 1992
  • Trichomycterus mimosensis M. A. Barbosa, 2013 [18]
  • Trichomycterus minus L. A. Fernández & Vari, 2012 [24]
  • Trichomycterus mirissumba W. J. E. M. Costa, 1992
  • Trichomycterus mondolfi L. P. Schultz, 1945
  • Trichomycterus motatanensis L. P. Schultz, 1944
  • Trichomycterus naipi Wosiacki & Garavello, 2004 [22]
  • Trichomycterus nietoi Ardila Rodríguez, 2014 [25]
  • Trichomycterus nigricans Valenciennes, 1832
  • Trichomycterus nigroauratus M. A. Barbosa & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2008
  • Trichomycterus nigromaculatus Boulenger, 1887
  • Trichomycterus novalimensis M. A. Barbosa & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2010
  • Trichomycterus ocanaensis Ardila Rodríguez, 2011 [26]
  • Trichomycterus oroyae C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1889
  • Trichomycterus pantherinus Alencar & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2004 [7]
  • Trichomycterus paolence C. H. Eigenmann, 1917
  • Trichomycterus papilliferus Wosiacki & Garavello, 2004 [22]
  • Trichomycterus paquequerense P. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1943
  • Trichomycterus pauciradiatus Alencar & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2006 [1]
  • Trichomycterus payaya Sarmento-Soares, Zanata & Martins-Pinheiro, 2011
  • Trichomycterus perkos Datovo, M. de Carvalho & Ferrer, 2012 [27]
  • Trichomycterus pirabitira M. A. Barbosa & Azevedo-Santos, 2012 [28]
  • Trichomycterus piratymbara Katz, M. A. Barbosa & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2013 [29]
  • Trichomycterus piurae C .H. Eigenmann, 1922
  • Trichomycterus plumbeus Wosiacki & Garavello, 2004 [22]
  • Trichomycterus poikilos Ferrer & L. R. Malabarba, 2013 [13]
  • Trichomycterus potschi M. A. Barbosa & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2003 [30]
  • Trichomycterus pradensis Sarmento-Soares, Martins-Pinheiro, Aranda & Chamon, 2005
  • Trichomycterus pseudosilvinichthys L. A. Fernández & Vari, 2004 [6]
  • Trichomycterus punctatissimus Castelnau, 1855
  • Trichomycterus punctulatus Valenciennes, 1846
  • Trichomycterus puriventris M. A. Barbosa & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2012 [31]
  • Trichomycterus ramosus L. A. Fernández, 2000
  • Trichomycterus regani C. H. Eigenmann, 1917
  • Trichomycterus reinhardti C. H. Eigenmann, 1917
  • Trichomycterus retropinnis Regan, 1903
  • Trichomycterus riojanus C. Berg (es), 1897
  • Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes, 1846
  • Trichomycterus roigi Arratia & Menu-Marque, 1984
  • Trichomycterus romeroi Fowler, 1941
  • Trichomycterus rubbioli Bichuette & Rizzato, 2012 [32]
  • Trichomycterus rubiginosus M. A. Barbosa & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2010
  • Trichomycterus ruitoquensis Ardila Rodríguez, 2007
  • Trichomycterus sandovali Ardila Rodríguez, 2006
  • Trichomycterus santaeritae C. H. Eigenmann, 1918
  • Trichomycterus santanderensis Castellanos-Morales, 2007 [33]
  • Trichomycterus septemradiatus Katz, M. A. Barbosa & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2013 [29]
  • Trichomycterus sketi Castellanos-Morales, 2011
  • Trichomycterus spegazzinii C. Berg (es), 1897
  • Trichomycterus spelaeus DoNascimiento, Villareal & Provenzano, 2001
  • Trichomycterus spilosoma Regan, 1913
  • Trichomycterus stawiarski P. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1968
  • Trichomycterus steindachneri DoNascimiento, Prada-Pedreros & Guerrero-Kommritz, 2014 [34]
  • Trichomycterus stellatus C. H. Eigenmann, 1918
  • Trichomycterus straminius C. H. Eigenmann, 1917
  • Trichomycterus striatus Meek & Hildebrand, 1913
  • Trichomycterus taczanowskii Steindachner, 1882
  • Trichomycterus taenia Kner, 1863
  • Trichomycterus taeniops Fowler, 1954
  • Trichomycterus taroba Wosiacki & Garavello, 2004 [22]
  • Trichomycterus tenuis Weyenbergh (de), 1877
  • Trichomycterus tete M. A. Barbosa & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2011
  • Trichomycterus therma L. A. Fernández & G. Miranda, 2007 [35]
  • Trichomycterus tiraquae Fowler, 1940
  • Trichomycterus transandianus Steindachner, 1915
  • Trichomycterus trefauti Wosiacki, 2004 [36]
  • Trichomycterus triguttatus C. H. Eigenmann, 1918
  • Trichomycterus tropiero Ferrer & L. R. Malabarba, 2011 [37]
  • Trichomycterus tupinamba Wosiacki & Oyakawa, 2005 [20]
  • Trichomycterus uisae Castellanos-Morales, 2008 (Trepador) [10]
  • Trichomycterus unicolor Regan, 1913
  • Trichomycterus variegatus W. J. E. M. Costa, 1992
  • Trichomycterus vermiculatus C. H. Eigenmann, 1917
  • Trichomycterus vittatus Regan, 1903
  • Trichomycterus weyrauchi Fowler, 1945
  • Trichomycterus yuska L. A. Fernández & Schaefer, 2003 [38]
  • Trichomycterus zonatus C. H. Eigenmann, 1918

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Alencar, A.R. & Costa, W.J.E.M. (2006). "Trichomycterus pauciradiatus, a new catfish species from the upper rio Paraná basin, southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)" (PDF). Zootaxa, 1269: 43–49.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Wosiacki, W.B. (2005). "A new species of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from south Brazil and redescription of T. iheringi (Eigenmann)" (PDF). Zootaxa, 1040: 49–64.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lima, S.M.Q., Lazzarotto, H. & Costa, W.J.E.M. (2008). "A new species of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from lagoa Feia drainage, southeastern Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology, 6 (3): 315–322.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Bockmann, F.L. & Sazima, I. (2004). "Trichomycterus maracaya, a new catfish from the upper rio Paraná, southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), with notes on the T. brasiliensis species-complex" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology, 2 (2): 61–74.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Fernández, L. & Osinaga, K. (2006). "A New Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from Aguarague National Park of the Bolivian Preandean Region, with Comments on Relationships within of the Genus". Environmental Biology of Fishes, 75 (4): 385–393.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Fernández, L. & Vari, R.P. (2004). "New Species of Trichomycterus from Midelevation Localities of Northwestern Argentina (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)". Copeia, 2004 (4): 876–882.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Alencar, A.R. & Costa, W.J.E.M. (2004). "Description of two new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus from southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)" (PDF). Zootaxa, 744: 1–8.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Lima, S.M.Q. & Costa, W.J.E.M. (2004). "Trichomycterus giganteus (Siluriformes: Loricarioidea: Trichomycteridae): a new catfish from the Rio Guandu basin, southeastern Brazil" (PDF). Zootaxa, 761: 1–6.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Fernández, L. & Schaefer, S.A. (2005). "New Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from an Offshore Island of Colombia". Copeia, 2005 (1): 68–76.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Castellanos-Morales, C.A. (2008). "Trichomycterus uisae: a new species of hypogean catfish (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the northeastern Andean Cordillera of Colombia". Neotropical Ichthyology, 6 (3): 307–314.
  11. ↑ Dutra, G.M., Wosiacki, W.B. & de Pinna, M.C.C. (2012): Trichomycterus anhanga, a new species of miniature catfish related to T. hasemani and T. johnsoni (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Amazon basin, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 10 (2): 225-231.
  12. ↑ Lezama, A.Q., Triques, M.L. & Santos, P.S. (2012): Trichomycterus argos (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), a new species from the Doce River Basin, Eastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 3352: 60–68.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Ferrer, J. & Malabarba, L.R. (2013): Taxonomic review of the genus Trichomycterus Valenciennes (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the laguna dos Patos system, Southern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 11 (2): 217-246.
  14. ↑ Fernández, L. & Vari, R.P. (2002). "New Species of Trichomycterus from the Andes of Argentina with a Redescription of Trichomycterus alterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)". Copeia, 2002 (3): 739–747.
  15. ↑ Fernández, L. & Vari, R.P. (2000). "New Species of Trichomycterus (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) Lacking a Pelvic Fin and Girdle from the Andes of Argentina". Copeia, 2000 (4): 990–996.
  16. ↑ Wosiacki, W.B. & de Pinna, M.C.C. (2008). "A New Species of the Neotropical Catfish Genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) Representing a New Body Shape for the Family". Copeia, 2008 (2): 273–278.
  17. ↑ Katz, A.M. & Barbosa, M.A. (2014): Re-description of Trichomycterus cubataonis Bizeril, 1994 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Cubatão river basin, southern Brazil. Vertebrate Zoology, 64 (1): 3-8.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Barbosa, M.A. (2013): Description of two new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the coastal river basins, southeastern Brazil. Vertebrate Zoology, 63 (3): 269–275.
  19. ↑ Wosiacki, W.B. & de Pinna, M.C.C. (2008). "Trichomycterus igobi, a new catfish species from the rio Iguaçu drainage: the largest head in Trichomycteridae (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)". Neotropical Ichthyology, 6 (1): 17–23.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Wosiacki, W.B. & Oyakawa, O.T. (2005). "Two new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the rio Ribeira de Iguape Basin, Southeastern Brazil" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology, 3 (4): 465–472.
  21. ↑ Barbosa, M.A. & Costa, W.J.E.M. (2012): Trichomycterus macrophthalmus (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), a new species of catfish from the Paraíba do Sul river basin, southeastern Brazil. Vertebrate Zoology, 62 (1): 79-82.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 Wosiacki, W.B. & Garavello, J.C. (2004). "Five new species of Trichomycterus from the rio Iguaçu (rio Paraná Basin), southern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)". Ichthyological Explorations of Freshwaters, 15 (1): 1–16.
  23. ↑ Fernández, L. & Chuquihuamaní, R.Q. (2007). "A new species of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Andean Cordillera of Perú, with comments on relationships within the genus" (PDF). Zootaxa, 1545: 49–57.
  24. ↑ Fernández, L. & Vari, R.P. (2012): New Species of Trichomycterus (Teleostei: Siluriformes) from the Andean Cordillera of Argentina and the Second Record of the Genus in Thermal Waters. Copeia, 2012 (4): 631-636.
  25. ↑ Ardila Rodríguez, C.A. (2014): Trichomycterus nietoi sp. nov. (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) una nueva especie de pez del río Guachaca Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Departamento del Magdalena – Colombia. Universidad Metropolitana de Barranquilla. Barranquilla, Colombia. 24pp.
  26. ↑ Ardila Rodriguez, C.A. (2011): Trichomycterus ocanaensis (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) una nueva especie de pez del Río Tejo, cuenca alta del Río Catatumbo. Peces del Departamento de Santander – Colombia. No. 1. 16 pp.
  27. ↑ Datovo, A., Carvalho, M. & Ferrer, J. (2012): A new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus from the La Plata River basin, southern Brazil, with comments on its putative phylogenetic position (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae). Zootaxa, 3327: 33–44.
  28. ↑ Barbosa, M.A. & Azevedo-Santos, V.M. (2012): A new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the rio Paraná basin, southeastern Brazil. Vertebrate Zoology, 62 (3): 357–362.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Katz, A.M., Barbosa, M.A. & Costa, W.J.E.M. (2013): Two new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus from the Paraná river basin, southeastern Brazil (Teleostei: Trichomycteridae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (4): 359-366.
  30. ↑ Barbosa, M.A. & Costa, W.J.E.M. (2003). "Trichomycterus potschi (Siluriformes: Loricarioidei): a new trichomycterid catfish from coastal streams of southeastern Brazil". Ichthyological Explorations of Freshwaters, 14 (3): 281–287.
  31. ↑ Barbosa, M.A. & Costa, W.J.E.M. (2012): Trichomycterus puriventris (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), a new species of catfish from the rio Paraíba do Sul basin, southeastern Brazil. Vertebrate Zoology, 62 (2): 155-160.
  32. ↑ Bichuette, M.E. & Pereira Rizzato, P. (2012): A new species of cave catfish from Brazil, Trichomycterus rubbioli sp.n., from Serra do Ramalho karstic area, São Francisco River basin, Bahia State (Silurifomes: Trichomycteridae). Zootaxa, 3480: 48–66.
  33. ↑ Castellanos-Morales, C.A. (2007). "Trichomycterus santanderensis: A new species of troglomorphic catfish (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from Colombia" (PDF). Zootaxa, 1541: 49–55.
  34. ↑ DoNascimiento, C., Prada-Pedreros, S. & Guerrero-Kommritz, J. (2014). "A new catfish species of the genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the río Orinoco versant of Páramo de Cruz Verde, Eastern Cordillera of Colombia" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology, 12 (4): 717–728.
  35. ↑ Fernandez, L. & Miranda, G. (2007). "A catfish of the genus Trichomycterus from a thermal stream in southern South America (Teleostei, Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae), with comments on relationships within the genus". Journal of Fish Biology, 71 (5): 1303–1316.
  36. ↑ Wosiacki, W.B. (2004). "New species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the headwaters of the rio São Francisco basin, Brazil" (PDF). Zootaxa, 592: 1–12.
  37. ↑ Ferrer, J. & Malabarba, L.R. (2011). "A new Trichomycterus lacking pelvic fins and pelvic girdle with a very restricted range in Southern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)" (PDF). Zootaxa, 2912: 59–67.
  38. ↑ Fernández, L. & Schaefer, S.A. (2003). "Trichomycterus yuska, a new species from high elevations of Argentina (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)". Ichthyological Explorations of Freshwaters, 14 (4): 353–360.