Treaty of Versailles (1787)

For other treaties of the same name, see Treaty of Versailles (disambiguation) and Treaty of Versailles.
Louis XVI gave his agreement to the 1787 Treaty of Versailles with Vietnam.
Pigneau de Behaine, Bishop of Avran, went to France on behalf of Prince Nguyễn Ánh in order to obtain the 1787 Treaty of Versailles between France and Vietnam.
Portrait of crown prince Nguyễn Phúc Cảnh, eldest son of Gia Long, who accompanied Pigneau de Béhaine to France in 1787.

The Versailles Treaty of 1787 (French:Traité de Versailles de 1787) was a treaty of alliance signed between the French king Louis XVI and the Vietnamese Prince Nguyễn Ánh, the future Emperor Gia Long.

Nguyễn Ánh, whose family, the Nguyễn family, had been decimated by the Tây Sơn rebellion when he was 16 or 17, received the protection and aid of the French Catholic priest Pigneau de Béhaine, titular bishop of Adran.

In order to obtain support for Nguyễn Ánh's cause, Pigneau de Béhaine went to France in 1787 as the "special envoy of the king of Nam Ha",[1] accompanied by Nguyễn Ánh's older son, Nguyễn Phúc Cảnh, who was then seven years old, as a token of Pigneau's authority to negotiate in the name of Nguyễn Ánh.[2]

Signatures of the 1787 Treaty of Versailles: Montmorin, Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Navy, and Evèque d'Adran, i.e. Pigneau de Béhaine.[3]

The 1787 Treaty of Versailles was signed on November 21, 1787,[1] by Montmorin, Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Navy, and Pigneau de Béhaine, as the representative of Nguyễn Ánh.[4] In return for the treaty, Nguyễn Ánh promised to cede Pulo-Condore to the French and to give a concession to the French in Tourane (modern Da Nang), as well exclusive trading rights. Louis XVI promised to help Nguyễn Ánh to regain the throne, by supplying 1,650 troops (1,200 Kaffir troops, 200 artillery men and 250 black soldiers)[1] on four frigates.[2]

That treaty marks the beginning of French influence in Indochina, but the Governor of Pondicherry, Count de Conway, who was given authority to decide on the actual implementation of the Treaty, refused to follow through with it, leaving Pigneau de Béhaine to his own means.

In spite of these inconveniences, between 1789 to 1799 a French force mustered by Pigneau de Béhaine managed to support Gia Long in acquiring sway over the whole of Vietnam.[5] The French trained Vietnamese troops, established a navy, and built fortifications in the Vauban style,[2] such as the Citadel of Saigon. Several of these French adventurers would remain in high positions in the government of Gia Long such as Philippe Vannier, Jean-Baptiste Chaigneau, de Forsans and the doctor Despiau.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 A History of Vietnam by Oscar Chapuis, p.175
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Dragon Ascending by Henry Kamm p.86
  3. ↑ Mantienne, p.97/204
  4. ↑ Mantienne, p.96
  5. ↑ A History of Vietnam by Oscar Chapuis, 173-179

References