Treaty of Darin

The Treaty of Darin, or the Darin Pact, of 1915 was between the United Kingdom and Abdul-Aziz Al Saud (sometimes called Ibn Saud) ruler of Nejd, who would go on to found the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932.

Signing

The Treaty was signed on the island of Darin[1] (also known as Tarout Island) in the Persian Gulf, on 26 December 1915 by Abdul-Aziz and Sir Percy Cox on behalf of the British Government.[2]

Terms

The Treaty made the lands of the House of Saud a British protectorate and attempted to define its boundaries.[3] The British aim of the treaty was to guarantee the sovereignty of Kuwait, Qatar and the Trucial States.[4] Abdul-Aziz agreed not to attack these British protectorates, but gave no undertaking that he would not attack the Sharif of Mecca[5] Also, the Emirate of Nejd and Hasa agreed to enter the war as an ally of Britain in the Treaty of Darin on December 26, 1915.[2]

Significance

The Treaty was the first to give international recognition to the fledgling Saudi state. Also, for the first time in Nejdi history the concept of negotiated borders had been introduced.[4] Additionally, although the British aim was to secure its Gulf protectorates, the Treaty had the unintended consequence of legitimising Saudi control in the adjacent areas.[4] The Treaty was superseded by the Treaty of Jeddah (1927).

References

  1. ↑ Abdul-Razzak, S. (1997). International Boundaries of Saudi Arabia. p. 32. ISBN 978-8172000004.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Abdullah I of Jordan; Philip Perceval Graves (1950). Memoirs. p. 186.
  3. ↑ Wilkinson, John C. (1993). Arabia's Frontiers: the Story of Britain's Boundary Drawing in the Desert. pp. 133–139.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Chaudhry, Kiren Aziz (1997). The Price of Wealth: Economics and Institutions in the Middle East. p. 53. ISBN 978-0801484308.
  5. ↑ Al-Naqeeb, Khaldoun Hasan (1991). Society and State in the Gulf and Arab Peninsula: A Different Perspective. p. 69. ISBN 978-0415041621.