Transcortical motor aphasia

Transcortical Motor Aphasia (TMA), also known as adynamic aphasia and extrasylvian motor aphasia, results from an injury to the anterior superior frontal lobe. The injury is typically caused by a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), commonly referred to as a stroke. The area of insult is sometimes referred to as a watershed area, a region receiving dual blood supply that is the first to become ischemic during a stroke. The insult typically involves the left hemisphere as most people (regardless of handedness) are left hemisphere dominant for language (nearly 100% of right-handers, about 85% of left-handers). ^[1]

Characteristics

TMA is a less common impairment than Expressive aphasia. People with TMA generally have good comprehension since Wernicke's area is usually not affected. People with TMA experience non-fluent (halting and effortful) speech due to frontal lobe damage and their utterances are typically only one or two words long. People with TMA retain the ability to repeat words, phrases or sentences. Repetition is preserved since the arcuate fasciculus (the neural pathway that connects Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas via the parietal lobe) is intact. Preserved repetition is a defining quality of all transcortical aphasias. People who suffer from transcortical motor aphasia, however, may experience delays in initiation when they try to repeat words due to damage in the frontal lobe.

People who suffer from TMA also have severely impaired writing ability. As writing is a secondary modality (learned through formal instruction in grade school) it is often more severely affected than a primary modality like speaking.

See also

• Transcortical sensory aphasia

References