Trans-Java toll road

Trans-Java toll road is a proposed toll road across Java from Merak in the western Java province of Banten to Banyuwangi in East Java. The total length of Trans-Java toll road including its complement is more than 1,000 kilometers. Trans-Java toll road is the part of Asian Highway 2 from Denpasar, Indonesia to Khosravi, Kermanshah, Iran.

Background

Two centuries ago (1810–1825), the Dutch East Indies colonial government constructed De Groote Postweg or Great Post Road stretching 1,000 kilometers from Anyer in the current Banten province to Panarukan in Situbondo, East Java. More recently, the Indonesian government launched the construction of a Trans-Java toll road estimated to stretch over 1,200 km from Anyer to Banyuwangi at the tip of East Java.[1]

Map

This is the full map of Trans-Java toll road in 2014.

Merak-Tangerang Toll Road

The length of toll road is 72.45 kilometers.[2] Although has been operated since 1981, the toll road is still in loss condition due to not achieved predicted traffic as planned. After acquisition, Astratel Nusantara has owned the concession of the toll road.

Toll Gate KM Destination
Cikupa 31 Cikupa, Pasar Kemis, Citra Raya
Balaraja Timur 37 Balaraja Timur
Balaraja Barat 39 Balaraja Barat, Tigaraksa, Kresek
Ciujung 60 Ciujung, Kragilan
East Serang 72 East Serang, Rangkasbitung, Ciruas
West Serang 78 West Serang, Banten Lama, Pandeglang
East Cilegon 87 East Cilegon, Bojonegara, Kramatwatu
West Cilegon 95 West Cilegon, Anyer, Carita, Krakatau Steel
Merak 98 Merak Harbour

In January 2012, one meter deep floods had affected the toll road at kilometer 58 and 59 making the road impassable to trucks, so a reroute has been done causing traffic jams up to 35 kilometers.[3] Although the floods was already gone, but several villages below the toll road still in flood and about 2,000 refugees occupied the shoulder of the toll road.[4]

Tangerang-Jakarta Toll Road

The length of toll road is 33 kilometers.[2] Has been fully operated by Jasa Marga. In January 2011, the total number of vehicles passing Tangerang-Jakarta Toll Road achieved more than 250,000 per day. Concerning worsening congestion, the road are widening to 3 lanes and predicted will be finished in September 2011.[5]

Jakarta Inner & Outer Ring Toll Road

Jakarta Inner Ring Toll Road is not connected directly (through non-toll road) with Tangerang-Jakarta Toll Road at Tomang, but connected directly with Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road at Cawang/Halim. The length is 50.6 kilometers. Operated by PT CMNP (IDX:CMNP) and PT Jasa Marga with revenue portion 55 percent and 45 percent respectively. In 2010 PT CMNP got 93 percent of the company revenue from this toll road.[6]

Wether Jakarta Outer Ring Toll Road (JORR) connected with Tangerang-Jakarta Toll Road at Kebun Jeruk and connected with Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road at Cikunir. JORR is a 7-section toll road and spanning 65 kilometers.[7] Section Jakarta Outer Ring Road section-West1 (JORR-W1) Penjaringan-Kebun Jeruk has been operated by PT Nusantara Infrastructure Tbk (IDX:META) and the rest by PT Jasa Marga. JORR-W2 Kebun Jeruk-Ulujami toll road is almost 8 kilometers length and has 4 sections, Section-1 is 1.95 kilometers length from Kebun Jeruk (Kembangan) to South Meruya, Section-2 1.50 is kilometer length from South Meruya to Joglo, Section-3 is 2.35 kilometers length Joglo to Ciledug and Section-4 is 2.07 kilometers length from Ciledug to Ulujami.[8][9] Concession of JORR-W2 is held by PT Marga Lingkar Jaya with share composition of PT Jasa Marga Tbk and PT Jakarta Marga Jaya a subsidiary of PT Jakarta Propertindo (Jakpro) a local-state owned company, 65 and 35 percent respectively.[10] Section-1, section-2 and section-3 of the JORR-W2 from Kebun Jeruk to Ciledug is opened on December 27, 2013, so it connected with JORR-W1 Kebun Jeruk-Penjaringan, while JORR-W2 section-4 from Ciledug to Ulujami is opened on July 21, 2014.[11] So between Rorotan and Penjaringan which 53.24 kilometers length has fully connected and also can directly to Soekarno-Hatta International Airport.[12] The toll road can serve about 100,000 vehicles per day and also will ease about 30 percent congestion of Jakarta Inner Ring Toll Road.[13][14][15] Koja-Tanjung Priok Port Toll Road consists of 5 sub-sections and predicted will be fully operated in mid-2015:[16]

To reduce traffic jams, a Minister Decree has been launched to prohibit 5 tonnes trucks and above through Cawang-Semanggi-Pluit segments from 05:00am to 10:00pm.[17]

Initial June 5, 2014 all trucks with 10 tonnes weight and above are not allowed to use Jakarta Inner Ring Toll Road of 15 kilometers segment Cawang-Tanjung Priok and 15 kilometers segment of Plumpang-Jembatan Tiga to avoid early damage of flying toll road construction and inline with operation of a part of Jakarta Outer Ring Toll Road in Cilincing.[18]

Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road

Has been fully operated by Jasa Marga. The west part of toll road near Jakarta consists of 4 lanes and 3 lanes for other direction. The most profitable toll road, although launched after Jagorawi Toll Road and Jakarta-Tangerang Toll Road above. PT Lippo Cikarang Tbk (IDX:LPCK) and PT Kawasan Industri Jababeka Tbk (IDX:KIJA) have given a new tollroad gate (Cibatu Gate) at km 34.700 with 1.5 kilometers access road to their areas to Jasa Marga and then the tollroad gate has been officially opened on April 5, 2014.[19] The previous gate will still function is located at km 28.0. Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road known as the most congested toll road because its connects Jakarta and several Industrial cities like Bekasi and Karawang. Also the main routes to go to Bandung and access North Coast Road (Jalur Pantura). In Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road, PT. Jasamarga got over 2 Billion Rupiah (2 hundred thousand us dollars) a day.

Cikampek-Palimanan Toll Road

The 116 kilometers length of Cikampek-Palimanan toll road would run through Cikopo (Cikampek), Kalijati, Subang, Cikedung, Kertajati, Sumberjaya and Palimanan[20] with investment Rp.12.8 trillion ($1.0 billion). Investor is PT Surya Semesta Internusa Tbk (IDX: SSIA) with its subsidiary of PT Lintas Marga Sedaya. It has groundbreaked on December 8, 2011 after got commitment from 8 national and international banks for project funds.[21][22][23] At end of February 2014, all land acquisition has been done and in early April 2015, 92 percent of constructions of all sections have been finished.[24] It predicted to be operated in June 2015 and cut traditional route via North Coast Road (Java) from Cikampek to Cirebon from 3.5 hours to 1.5 hours and ease 50 percent traffic of North Coast Road (Pantura).[25][26] If it has been operated, so from Merak to Kanci and Pejagan (below) will all of toll road.

Palimanan-Kanci Toll Road

The length of toll road is 26.3 kilometers.[2] Has been fully operated by Jasa Marga.

Kanci-Pejagan Toll Road

The toll road has been fully operated since 2011 by PT Bakrie Toll Road, a subsidiary of PT Bakrieland Development Tbk (IDX:ELTY), but since December 2012 the shares have been sold to MNC Group.[27][28] Entry and Exit Gates to both directions at Ciledug will be built as insisted of surrounding people, although the access road to the gates is only class IIIC.[29]

Pejagan-Pemalang Toll Road

The length of the toll road is 57.5 kilometers with investment about Rp.5.5 trillion.[30] Concession by PT Bakrie Toll Road owned by Aburizal Bakrie, but since December 2012 the shares have been sold to MNC Group.[28] And on July 16, 2014 PT Waskita Toll Road as a subsidiary of PT Waskita Karya Tbk (IDX ticker:WIKA) bought all shares of the toll road.[31] On July 23, 2014 groundbreaking has been done to initial construction of the toll road Section I and Section II,[32] both are predicted will be finished in December 2015.[33]

The toll road consists of 4 sections:[34]

Pemalang-Batang Toll Road

Land acquisition for all Pemalang-Batang Toll Road at early February 2012 was only 1.63 percent.[35] A concession by PT Pemalang Batang Toll Road with total length of 39 kilometers.[36] Investment is about Rp.4.0 trillion. Until mid-April 2015, there are no significant progress of land acquisition, so government give time until end of 2015 or the permit will be cancelled.[37]

Batang-Semarang Toll Road

Concession by PT Bakrie Toll Road owned by Aburizal Bakrie, but since December 2012 the shares have been sold to MNC Group.[28] The length of toll road is 75 kilometers with cost Rp.7.21 trillion ($0.8 billion). It consists of five sections and as of February 2011 land acquisition of Section-1 was 62 percent, whether the others none. The concession by PT Bakrie Toll Road is on dispute due to PT Bakrie Toll Road only yet pay the first installment from six installment to the previous owner concession. For temporary the project is halted until the dispute is resolved. Re-evaluation have been completed and all other 23 projects from 24 projects will start signing their contract amendments, except for Batang-Semarang toll road.[38] On October 2011, due to there are no significant progress, Indonesia Toll Road Authority (Badan Pengatur Jalan Tol - BPJT) will decide whether the project is default or not and PT Jasa Marga has intention to continue the project.[39] Land acquisition for all Batang-Semarang Toll Road at early February 2012 was only 4.08 percent.[35] Same with Pemalang-Batang Toll Road above, government give time for finishing land acquisition until end of 2015 or the permit will be cancelled. Only this two segments of the toll roads have problems and make the Trans-Java toll road from Jakarta to Surabaya in 2017 maybe is not all connected.[37]

Semarang-Solo Toll Road

75.7 kilometers length. Land acquisition at the end of 2011, Section Ungaran-Bawen was 93 percent, wether Section Bawen-Solo is still under feasibility studies, so land acquisition for all Semarang-Solo Toll Road at early February 2012 was only 26.84 percent.[35] Although all of land acquisitions not yet finished, the road construction has been commenced, due to construction is follows land acquisition. It will be operated by PT Trans Marga Jateng, a join company between PT Sarana Pembangunan Jawa Tengah and PT Jasa Marga (IDX:JSMR) Tbk. with share composition 40 and 60 percent respectively.[40][41] Semarang-Solo toll road section E1 (Tembalang-Ungaran) of 11.1 kilometers has been in trial operated since August 20, 2011 for free, but only for small vehicles.[42] Finally section E1 has officially been inaugurated for commercial operation on November 12, 2011.[41]

To ease traffic in Lebaran Holiday 2013, the Ungaran-Bawen toll road has been opened for free, but temporarily, although the toll road is not yet ready 100 percent.[43] Semarang-Solo Section-II (Ungaran-Bawen) with length 11.95 kilometers finally formally was opened on 4 April 2014.[44]

Solo-Kertosono Toll Road

Soker Toll Road is part of Trans Java Toll Road System, where in the west it connects to Semarang-Solo Toll Road, and in the east it connects to Kertosono-Mojokerto Toll Road. Administratively, Soker Toll Road with a total length of 176.7 km comprise two segments, segment Solo-Mantingan-Ngawi and segment Ngawi-Kertosono. The length of Solo-Mantingan-Ngawi toll road is 90.1 kilometers, while the length of Ngawi-Kertosono is 86.6 kilometers. Hence, in the beginning, Soker Toll Road was designed as two separate toll roads. However, during its tender process, no investors showed interest in bidding these two toll roads except one bidder, which is PT Thiess Contractors Indonesia. In June 28, 2011, Toll Road Concession Agreement (PPJT) amendment has been signed in Jakarta.[45] With this concession agreement, segment Solo-Mantingan-Ngawi will be under PT Solo-Ngawi Jaya, while segment Ngawi-Kertosono will be under PT Ngawi-Kertosono Jaya. Both of this companies are subsidiaries of PT Thiess Contractors Indonesia. Since both of toll road concessions have been awarded to the same company, these two toll roads usually are referred as Solo-Kertosono Toll Road, or Soker Toll Road.

When commencing operation, Solo - Kertosono Toll Road, known as Soker Toll Road, will be the longest toll road in Indonesia. Solo-Kertosono Toll Road is the first Public-Private Partnership project in Indonesia's infrastructure. The PPP scheme has been used because, for the investor to fully finance the project, its financial internal rate of return on capital is low, at only 12 per cent, and the capital payback period, seen from the perspective of toll road business, will be very long because it is hampered by the people’s ability to pay the toll fees. In terms of financing, the completion of Soker Toll Road requires project costs to the tune of almost Rp 11 trillion, or more precisely Rp 10.98 trillion. These costs cover the cost of land acquisition amounting to Rp 1.85 trillion, the cost of construction undertaken by the government amounting to Rp 3.55 trillion, and the cost of construction by the investors amounting to Rp 5.57 trillion.[46]

Soker Toll Road itself will pass through eight regions, namely Boyolali Regency, Karanganyar Regency, Solo City, Sragen Regency in Central Java Province, and Ngawi, Madiun, Nganjuk and Jombang Regency in East Java Province.[47]

As part of public-private partnership deal, the government has to build 15 kilometers toll road from Solo to the east and 25 kilometers toll road from Kertosono to the west. In September 2014, the construction of 15 kilometers has been finished 90 percent.[48]

For the land acquisition administrative purpose, Soker Toll Road is divided into 4 sections, namely Solman I and Solman II in Central Java Province, and Manker I and Manker II in East Java Province. In July 2012, the land acquisition of the each section is about 65 percent. Although all of land acquisitions are not yet finished, the road construction for section-1 has been commenced.[49]

The construction in the government-support portion has been started in 2009 in Solo area using national budget (APBN) by The Government. By the end of year 2011, Bengawan Solo Bridge as one of major bridges in Soker Toll Road (300 meter length) has been completed. Overpass Karangturi has been completed, together with the completion of 2,6 km toll road. The year-by-year activity is as follows:

In year 2012, a total of Rp 610 billion has been allocated by The Government to build almost all of structures in the west-end, and a portion of roads with total of length 7 km. In addition, one project is set in Kertosono-end, in the form of Brantas Bridge (250 meter) plus 1.5 km toll road. This package marks the beginning of East Java portion of Soker Toll Road construction. PT Thiess Contractors Indonesia has set a plan to start construction work in her investor portion by the end of 2012.,[50] however, it is unlikely that the plan can be implemented due to land acquisition problem.

There are many different versions of data about Soker Toll Road. However, according to Brawijaya, Ph.D, the project manager for its construction and also the former project officer of Soker Toll Road during design stage, the actual length of Soker Toll Road is longer than the information provided by many.[51]

Soker Toll Road has a total length of 183,3 km, including its access roads and addition length of 1.7 km in the east-end.

  1. Colomadu-Karanganyar Section: 1.7 km access road in Ngasem, Colomadu plus 20.9 km tol road with total cost Rp 1.8 trillion (government-support portion)
  2. Karanganyar - Saradan Section: 120 km with total cost Rp 5.57 trillion (investor portion)
  3. Saradan - Kertosono Section: 40.1 km with total cost Rp 1.7 trilion (government-support portion)

Thus, the total construction cost should be tuned by the government is Rp 3.55 trillion, and the total cost should be provided by the investor is Rp 5.57 trillion. The cost of land acquisition has increased from Rp 1.85 trillion to Rp 2.2 trillion. In terms of its feasibility, Soker Toll Road has Financial IRR 17,5% (with the government support), and Economic IRR 22%.

By design, there are four interchanges in Central Java Province, and another four interchanges in East Java Province. These interchanges are:

In December 2013, Toll Road Management Body (Badan Pengatur Jalan Tol - BPJT) gives default warning to PT Solo Ngawi Jaya, because there are no sufficient progress of the Solo-Ngawi road construction concession with total value of Rp8,900 billion. PT Solo Ngawi Jaya has one month answer period to be counted from default warning released date.[52]

In March 2015, land acquisitions of Solo-Ngawi is 92 percent, while Ngawi-Kertosono is 88 percent; predicted the toll roads will be finished in 3 years ahead.

Kertosono-Mojokerto Toll Road

The length of toll road is 40.5 kilometers in 4 sections. Concession is got by PT Marga Harjaya Infrastruktur which 95 percent belongs to PT Astratel Nusantara—which owns PT. Marga Mandalasakti and a subsidiary of PT Astra International Tbk. (IDX:ASII). Section 1, Bandar-Jombang 14.7 kilometers; Section 2, Jombang-West Mojokerto 19.9 kilometers; Section 3, West Mojokerto-North Mojokerto 5.0 kilometers; Section 4, 0.9 kilometer connect the toll road to Ngawi-Kertosonop toll road. All funds are fulfilled itself by company, without anything bank funds.[53] After free for more than a month of trial operation, on November 20, 2014 Section 1 is opened formally with tariff Rp 10,000 for small vehicles, but until end of December 2014 only about 800 vehicles used the toll road from predicted 11,000 vehicles per day, maybe the toll road is too short and should wait Section 2 begin operation which predicted will be finished in September 2015.[54][55] At end of September 2014, land acquisitions of Section 2, 3 and 4 are 83, 87, 80 percent respectively, while constructions of Section 2 is 48 percent and other sections are relatively nil.[56]

Mojokerto-Surabaya Toll Road

Length of the toll road is 36.27 kilometers and known also as Sumo (Surabaya-Mojokerto) toll road and connects with Surabaya-Gempol Toll Road and Waru-Juanda Toll Road. In October 2014, the constructions of Section-4 Krian-Mojokerto, 18.5 kilometers has been finished 65 percent, while land acquisitions of Section-3 and Section-2 are 59 and 41 percent, respectively.[57]

Surabaya-Gempol Toll Road

The length of toll road is 49 kilometers.[2] Has been fully operated by Jasa Marga, but only until Porong, which a 2-kilometer section of the old Porong toll road had been damaged by Lapindo Mudflow since May 29, 2006.[58] So, there is a plan for a new Porong-Gempol Toll Road relocation with length of 10 kilometers.[59]

Gempol-Pasuruan Toll Road

The length of the toll road is about 35 kilometers consists of:[60]

In February 2015, Section I, Gempol-Pandaan, 13.61 kilometers physically has been finished 100 percent and predicted will be operated in March 2015. Constructed and operated by PT Jasamarga Pandaan Tol which belongs to PT Jasa Marga 74,75 percent, PT Jalan Tol Kabupaten Pasuruan 13,8 percent and PT Margabumi Matraraya 11,29 percent has consession of 35 years.[61]

Pasuruan-Probolinggo Toll Road

Concession by PT Bakrie Toll Road owned by Aburizal Bakrie, but since December 2012 the shares have been sold to MNC Group.[28] The length of the toll road is 45 kilometers .

Probolinggo-Situbondo Toll Road

This toll road that connects Probolinggo with Situbondo

Situbondo-Banyuwangi Toll Road

This toll road will be passing Ketapang Ferry Terminal. Ketapang Ferry Terminal is a harbor that connects Java Island and Bali Island.

Complements of Trans-Java toll road

Jagorawi Toll Road

This 59-km toll road was the first toll road in Indonesia. This toll road connects Jakarta, Bogor and Ciawi. The first purpose made this toll road was to connect Jakarta and Bandung via Puncak. But now, after the Purbaleunyi Toll Road finished, Jagorawi Toll Road is used for tourist to go to Puncak. But later this toll road will be expanded to reach Bandung. So there are 2 ways to go to Bandung via Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road then Purbaleunyi Toll Road or via Jagorawi Toll Road.

Ciawi-Sukabumi Toll Road

This 54 kilometers toll road is the expansion of Jagorawi Toll Road. The full expansion project is to create the second toll routes from Jakarta to Bandung. On February 9, 2015 groundbreaking of Section-1 Ciawi-Cigombong with 15,35 kilometers length has been done due to all land acquistions of this section are already done. The initial concession belong to PT Bakrie Toll Road, but it has been acquisited by MNC Group.[62]

Cibitung-Cilincing Toll Road

The 34 kilometers toll road between Cibitung and Cilincing consists of:[63]

From Cibitung, it will be connected to Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road and from Cilincing, it will be connected to Jakarta Inner Ring Toll Road through Koja-Tanjung Priok Port Toll Road (please see Trans-Java toll road#Jakarta Inner & Outer Ring Toll Road. Shares composition of the toll road is MTD Capital Bhd 50%, PT Akses Pelabuhan Indonesia (a grandchild of PT Pelindo II) 45% and PT Nusacipta Eka Pratama 5%. The construction will be built in 2016 and it is predicted will be operated in 2018.

Purbaleunyi Toll Road

Also known as combination of Cipularang Toll Road and Padaleunyi Toll Road. On 2012, Purbaleunyi Toll Road is the longest toll road in Indonesia. The length is over 100 kilometers. Runs from the north to south. The north-end is Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road and the south-end is Cisumdawu Toll Road. Since opened, this toll road cuts the time of car travel from Jakarta to Bandung to 2 hours only.

Cisumdawu Toll Road

Cisumdawu Toll Road connects Cileunyi-Sumedang-Dawuan. There is a plan to build toll road to Majalengka International Airport from Cisumdawu Toll Road.

Surabaya-Gresik Toll Road

Surabaya-Gresik Toll Road is a toll road that connects Surabaya with Gresik. Gresik is important port for East Java. Gresik is also PT Semen Gresik (Gresik Cement) is located. This toll road is fully operated by PT Margabumi Matraraya.

Surabaya-Tanjung Perak Toll Road

This toll road connects city of Surabaya with its port at Tanjung Perak. This toll road starts at Waru, Surabaya.

Waru-Juanda Toll Road

This toll road connects Surabaya with its airport (Juanda International Airport). This toll road is fully operated by Citra Margatama Surabaya, a subsidiary of Citra Marga Nusaphala Persada.[6]

Juanda-Tanjung Perak Toll Road

This toll road is called SERR. It will connect Juanda International Airport with Tanjung Perak Port.

Solo-Yogyakarta Toll Road

This toll road connects city of Surakarta and Yogyakarta. The toll road runs from north to south. the north end will be connected to Semarang-Solo Toll Road and the south end will be connected with Yogyakarta-Magelang Toll Road.

Kanci-Purwokerto-Cilacap Toll Road

This toll road known as Middle road (Indonesian: Jalur Tengah) This toll road will be the begin point of South coast road tollways. From Cilacap the tollways will be expanded to Cilacap-Kebumen Toll Road and next to Kebumen-Purworejo Toll Road and Purworejo-Yogyakarta Toll Road

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://www.indonesiaindonesia.com/en/f/12699-observing-the-trans-java-toll-road/
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "September 26, 2011 - Jasa Marga: Tarif Tol Naik Sekitar 11%".
  3. ↑ "Floods take toll, slow down logistics". January 16, 2012.
  4. ↑ "2,000 Banten flood victims evacuate to highway shoulders". January 15, 2012.
  5. ↑ "Jakarta-Tangerang turnpike widened". February 11, 2011.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "November 18, 2011 - Tol Waru-Juanda Percepat Laju CMNP".
  7. ↑ "Toll operators powerless to deal with congestion". October 12, 2011.
  8. ↑ "Terapkan OBU, Sambung Tol Ulujami-Kebon Jeruk". Retrieved December 1, 2011.
  9. ↑ "Resmi dibuka, tarif tol JORR W2 gratis". December 27, 2013.
  10. ↑ "Konstruksi Tol JORR W2 Segera Digarap". February 7, 2011.
  11. ↑ Besok, JORR W2 Kebonjeruk-Ciledug Diresmikan
  12. ↑ "Menteri PU Resmikan Tol JORR W2 Utara (Ciledug-Ulujami)". July 21, 2014.
  13. ↑ "JORR W2 to Begin Operation in June 2014". March 12, 2014.
  14. ↑ "detikFinance | Tol Kebon Jeruk-Ulujami Tekan Kepadatan Kendaraan 30% di Dalam Kota". Retrieved December 27, 2013.
  15. ↑ Faisal. "Pembangunan Tol JORR Selesai Juni 2014". Retrieved April 25, 2014.
  16. ↑ Zulfi Suhendra. "Tol Akses Tanjung Priok Selesai di 2015". Retrieved April 23, 2014.
  17. ↑ http://www.poskota.co.id/berita-terkini/2011/06/18/sk-menteri-terbit-rambu-larangan-truk-masuk-tol-dipasang
  18. ↑ "Truk Bermuatan di Atas 10 Ton Dilarang Lewat Tol Wiyoto Wiyono". June 3, 2014.
  19. ↑ "Cibatu Tollroad Gate is Officially Opened". April 6, 2014.
  20. ↑ http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Development+of+toll+roads+in+Indonesia.-a0220639605
  21. ↑ http://www.detikfinance.com/read/2011/05/20/072330/1642982/4/tol-cikampek-palimanan-selesai-di-2013?f990101mainnews
  22. ↑ "Eight Banks Commit to Fund Cikampek-Palimanan Toll Road Construction". November 15, 2011.
  23. ↑ "Tol Cikampek-Palimanan Rp 12,5 Triliun Rampung September 2014". December 8, 2011.
  24. ↑ Hertanto Soebijoto (September 13, 2014). "Tol Cikampek Palimanan Bisa Digunakan Lebaran Tahun Depan".
  25. ↑ "Proyek Jalan Tol Cikapali Bergulir". February 27, 2014.
  26. ↑ Ali Hidayat (April 5, 2015). "Cikampek-Palimanan Toll Road to be Tested".
  27. ↑ http://jatim.gresnews.com/ch/Mojokerto/cl/Jasa--Marga/id/2132872/read/1/Bakrie-JSMR-Bidik-Peluang-Infrastruktur-di-Jatim
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 "December 4, 2012 - MNC Grup Akuisisi 5 Ruas Tol Milik Bakrie".
  29. ↑ Ciledug Toll Gates
  30. ↑ http://www.bakrie-brothers.com/mediarelation/detail/1649/9497-km-jalan-tol-ditargetkkan-beroperasi-tahun-depan
  31. ↑ Sukirno (July 19, 2014). "AKUISISI SAHAM: Waskita Karya Kuasai Perusahaan Tol MNC".
  32. ↑ "Menteri PU Resmikan Pencanangan Pembangunan Tol Pejagan-Pemalang". July 23, 2014.
  33. ↑ Anggi M. Lubis (December 26, 2014). "Waskita secures Rp 850b loan for Central Java toll road".
  34. ↑ Sartina Dewi (July 15, 2014). "TOL PEJAGAN-PEMALANG: Restu Pemerintah Turun, Proyek Siap Groundbreaking".
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 "March 30, 2012 - Tol Trans Jawa Terganjal Lahan".
  36. ↑ Pemalang Batang Toll Road
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Rista Rama Dhany (December 25, 2014). "2 Ruas Ini Mangkrak, Jakarta-Surabaya Belum Bisa Terhubung Tol".
  38. ↑ http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/04/25/%E2%80%98made-indonesia%E2%80%99-airport-construction-may-last-forever.html
  39. ↑ "Jasa Marga Siap Ambil Alih Tol Semarang-Batang dari Bakrie Toll Road". October 11, 2011.
  40. ↑ http://www.indii.co.id/news_daily_detail.php?id=203
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 "November 13, 2011 - Section I of Semarang-Solo Toll Road Enters Commercial Operation".
  42. ↑ "Tol seksi I Semarang-Ungaran dibuka". August 20, 2011.
  43. ↑ "Mudik ke Solo, Gratis Lewat Tol Ungaran Bawen". August 1, 2013.
  44. ↑ "In Picture: Jalan Tol Semarang-Solo seksi II Ruas Ungaran-Bawen Resmi Beroperasi". April 4, 2014.
  45. ↑ "4 Proyek Tol Tandatangani Amandemen Perjanjian". June 28, 2011.
  46. ↑ "Passing through Eight Regions Solo - Kertosono Toll Road". June 25, 2012.
  47. ↑ "Soker Toll Road the Longest in Indonesia". April 18, 2012.
  48. ↑ "Pinjaman China disetujui, proyek tol Solo-Kertosono siap dikebut". September 28, 2014.
  49. ↑ "Tol Solo-Kertosono mulai konstruksi". July 28, 2012.
  50. ↑ "Pertengahan 2012, Ruas Tol Solo-Ngawi Dan Ngawi -Kertosono Ditargetkan Mulai Digarap". November 11, 2011.
  51. ↑ "Jalan Tol Soker, Sebuah Introduksi". April 18, 2012.
  52. ↑ "Tol Solo-Ngawi default, ini solusi Menteri PU". Retrieved January 6, 2014.
  53. ↑ RR Putri Werdiningsih (March 26, 2014). "Astratel gelar tiga proyek jalan tol".
  54. ↑ "Tol Moker di Jombang Diresmikan Men-PU, Pengguna Digratiskan Sepekan". October 12, 2014.
  55. ↑ "Tol Moker Seksi 1 Hanya Dilewati 800 Kendaraan". December 28, 2014.
  56. ↑ Ishomuddin (October 13, 2014). "Tol Jombang-Mojokerto Tahap Pertama Diresmikan".
  57. ↑ "Investor Janji Tol Krian–Mojokerto Selesai Agustus 2015". Retrieved November 2, 2014.
  58. ↑ "Porong turnpike safe to use during exodus". August 14, 2011.
  59. ↑ http://www.theindonesiatoday.com/stocks/2989-jasa-marga-to-spend-rp16-trln-for-toll-road-projects-in-h2.html
  60. ↑ Rizky Widia Puspitasari. "Target tol Gempol–Pasuruan seksi I selesai Oktober". Retrieved April 21, 2014.
  61. ↑ "Tol Gempol-Pandaan Ditargetkan Beroperasi Maret". February 15, 2015.
  62. ↑ Dana Aditiasari. "Hari Ini, Tol Ciawi-Sukabumi Mulai Dibangun". Retrieved February 18, 2015.
  63. ↑ Bekti (April 15, 2015). "Investasi Tol Rp. 10,5 Triliun: Pelindo II Akuisisi 45% Tol Cibitung – Cilincing".

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