Toyota E engine

E series engine family

2E engine
Overview
Manufacturer Toyota

The Toyota E engine family is a straight-4 piston engine series, and uses timing belt rather than a chain. The E engines were the first multi-valve engines from Toyota designed with economy, practicality and everyday use in mind (rather than performance). Like many other Toyota engines from the era, the E engine series features a cast iron block, along with an aluminum cylinder head. E engines are lighter compared to earlier Toyota engines, due the hollow crankshaft, thinned casting of the cylinder block, and several other reductions in auxiliaries as well as in the engine itself. Carbureted versions include a newly designed, variable-venturi carburetor. All of these changes improved economy and emissions.[1] The members of the E engine family, range from 1.0 L to 1.5 L. The E family supplanted the K engines in most applications. A large number of parts in the E engine series are interchangeable between each other.

1E

The 1E is a 1.0 L (999 cc) carbureted 12 valve SOHC engine. Bore was 70.5 mm and stroke was 64.0 mm. Compression ratio was 9.0:1. It appeared in 1985. Output ranged at about 55 hp (41 kW) at 6,000 rpm, while torque is 75 lbf·ft (102 N·m) at 3,500 rpm.

Applications:

2E

Toyota 2E Engine.

The 2E is a 1.3 L SOHC version with three valves per cylinder. Output ranged from 65 hp (48 kW) to 82 hp (61 kW) at 6000 rpm with 72 lb·ft (98 N·m) of torque at 3600 rpm to 77 lb·ft (104 N·m) of torque at 5200 rpm. It appeared in 1985, and was discontinued after 1998. The 2E engines appeared in both carbureted and fuel-injected versions. The 2E-TE, appearing in 1986, was a turbocharged engine producing 101 hp (75 kW). A later version, the 2E-TELU produced 110 hp (82 kW). Some parts on the 1E and 2E engines are interchangeable, for example the gearboxes.

Applications:

3E

The 3E is a 1.5 L (1,456 cc) SOHC version with three valves per cylinder. Output ranged from 79 PS (58 kW) to 88 PS (65 kW) at 6,000 rpm with 87 lb·ft (118 N·m) of torque at 4,000 rpm to 89 lb·ft (121 N·m) of torque at 4,800 rpm. It appeared in 1986, and was discontinued after 1994. The 3E engines appeared in both carbureted (3E) and fuel-injected (3E-E) applications. The 3E-TE, appearing in 1986, was a turbocharged engine producing 115 PS (85 kW) at 5,600 rpm with 17.5 kg·m (172 N·m; 127 lb·ft) of torque at 3,200 rpm.

Applications:

The '3E' and '3E-E' engines are considered slightly less reliable than other Toyota engines, although they are also among the easiest engines to service. The most common problems affecting these engines are premature valve stem seal (nitrile) failure, carbon buildup on the intake valves, and collapse of the oil control ring on the piston. Any of these conditions can lead to rough idling, stalling, and fouled spark plugs, and therefore need to be differentially diagnosed. The valve stem seals, at least, can be replaced with silicone or viton-based seals which last much longer.[4]

4E

The 4E is a 1.3 L (1,331 cc) DOHC version. Bore was 74 mm and stroke 77.4 mm. Output ranged from 81 hp (60 kW) at 6,400 rpm to 99 hp (74 kW) at 6,600 rpm with 81 lb·ft (110 N·m) of torque at 3,600 rpm to 86 lb·ft (117 N·m) of torque at 4,000 rpm. It appeared in 1989, and was discontinued after 1998. The 4E engines appeared in fuel-injected applications.

Applications:

First generation 4E-FE

The first generation of 4E engines found in the Starlet GI, Soleil and Corolla models were produced from 1989 until 1996. The engine found in these two models produces 88 bhp (66 kW) at 6,600 rpm and 86 lb·ft (117 N·m) at 5,200 rpm. This engine had more in common with the 4E-FTE, sharing the same throttle body, and slightly larger fuel injectors.

4E-FTE

The first generation 4E-FE was the basis of the 4E-FTE in 1989, which was a turbocharged engine producing 133 hp (99 kW) at 6,400 rpm with 116 lb·ft (157 N·m) of torque at 4,800 rpm. The 4E-FTE was the most powerful of the E series engines ever produced. It was produced exclusively for the Toyota Starlet GT Turbo (Japan Only) and its replacement, the Toyota Glanza V (Japan only). However the 4E-FTE was a very popular conversion engine by enthusiasts for many small Toyota cars such as the Corolla, Tercel, Paseo and Sera which it fitted into with standard Toyota parts. The 4E-FTE differed internally from the 4E-FE only by its stronger connecting rods, and low compression pistons (reduced compression to 8.5:1) the cylinder head and valve train was identical to the 4E-FE the crankshaft was also stronger than the 4E-FE, you can tell which crank you have because the turbo will have 4ET stamped onto it, instead of 4E. It also featured a harmonic damper instead of a normal crankshaft pulley. The turbocharger fitted to the 4E-FTE was Toyota's own CT9 model, which featured an internal waste gate and had 2 modes: low (0.4 bar/40 kPa) and high (0.65 bar/65 kPa) boost. The low boost mode was electronically controlled by a solenoid valve and the ECU and the high boost was controlled by an actuator connected to the turbocharger. The 4E-FTE also had a top mounted, air cooled intercooler. The 4E-FTE was mated to the Toyota C52 transmission (for the EP82 Starlet GT) and the C56 transmission (for the EP91 Glanza V).

Second generation 4E-FE

The 2nd Generation of the 4E-FE was introduced in 1996 producing less peak power: 74 bhp (55 kW) at 5,500 rpm, but with a slight increase in peak torque 87 lb·ft (118 N·m) at 4,400 rpm. The 2nd generation of the 4E-FE was essentially the same engine as the first but the intake and exhaust manifolds were changed along with a slight alteration of the ECU meant to reduce exhaust emissions.

Third generation 4E-FE

In 1997 the intake manifold was changed again along with the ECU and the result was 85 bhp for the Corolla and 82 bhp for the Starlet. This engine was discontinued in 1999.

5E

The 5E is a 1.5 L (1,497 cc) DOHC 16 valve version. Output ranged from 93 hp (69 kW) at 5,400 rpm to 110 bhp (82 kW) at 6,400 rpm with 91 lb·ft (123 N·m) of torque at 3,200 rpm to 100 lb·ft (140 N·m) of torque at 4,000 rpm. It was introduced in 1990 and discontinued in 1998. All 5E engines were fuel-injected. In 1995 Toyota changed the ignition system to a distributor-less (DIS), coil-on-plug design, switched from OBD to OBD-II and began using flat topped pistons. A much thinner 0.26 mm head gasket was used to increase compression after the piston domes were removed, and dual electrode spark plugs were installed on California emission models. In 1996 the connecting rods changed to the same thinner ones used in the second generation 4E-FE. In 1997 a return-less fuel system was added.

Applications:

5E-FHE

Maximum power was increased to 110 hp (82 kW). The maximum engine speed was increased to 7,200 rpm in the first generation, and 7,800 for the second generation. It used the Harmonic damper from the 4E-FTE, more aggressive intake and exhaust cams, some versions (not the Sera) had the ACIS intake, high compression pistons, 4-2-1 exhaust headers, and had stronger internals (i.e. the "fat" connecting rods found in the first generation 5E-FE). Basically, it included all of the best parts from the 4/5E series engines.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Toyota E engines.

References

  1. ↑ Tekniikan Maailma magazine (in Finnish) (#4). 1985. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Toyota EP80 Owners Manual
  3. ↑ Super Business Vehicle: Starlet Van (catalog) (in Japanese), Tokyo: Toyota Motor Co, March 1987, p. 6, 171043-6203
  4. ↑ Tercel online message board