tkWWW

tkWWW
Developer(s) Joseph Wang[1]
Initial release 0.1 25 July 1992[2]
Discontinued 0.13 pre2[3] / 2 April 1995
Written in Tcl/tk[1]
Platform Same as Tcl/tk
Available in English
Type Web browser and HTML editor[1][4]
License GPLv2[3][5]

tkWWW was an early web browser and WYSIWYG HTML editor[6] written by Joseph Wang at MIT as part of the Project Athena and the Globewide Network Academy project.[5][7] The browser was based on the Tcl language and the tk toolkit extension[6][8][9] but did not achieve broad user acceptance or market share[10] although it was included in many Linux distributions by default.[6] Joseph Wang wanted tkWWW to become a replacement for rrn[11] and to become a "swiss army knife" of networked computing.[12]

History

Joseph Wang announced in July 1992 that he was developing a web browser based on tk and made the alpha version 0.1 publicly available.[13]

Version 0.4 integrated a much easier installation procedure, better default color scheme, keyboard traversals and a history mechanism.[14] Version 0.5, released 8 February 1993, introduced support for multi-fonts.[15]

Version 0.6 changed personal annotation with format compatible with xmosaic and improved the GUI.[16][17]

On 1 May 1993 Wang announced that tkWWW version 0.7 was the first WYSIWYG X11 HTML editor[18][19] which was originally written by Nathan Torkington.[20][21] Another improvement was the ability to start in iconic mode.[18][22]

Version 0.8 improved the graphical user interface (GUI) and added a "reload" option.[23]

With the version 0.9 the browser achieved beta status and added support for character style tags, for Tcl 7.0 and partial support for image tags.[24][25]

Version 0.11 worked successfully with RCS.[26] Version 0.13 was based on the new released tk 4.0, and was released in a buggy state to allow wider testing. It added inline image support.[27]

Support for HTML+, a proposed successor to HTML 2, was implemented while the specification was being developed.[28]

tkWWW was extended by the GNU Guile project to support Scheme extensions.[29]

Further development

The short term roadmap for tkWWW was to include a SGML parser.[12][30][31] and to separate the browser from the editor[30] because the combination is tricky to use.[32] The long term plan included new functions like word processing, directory navigation, file transfer, news and email reading.[12]

Features

tkWWW was developed before Safe-Tcl was developed to allow untrusted Tcl applications to run without the full privileges of a system's user. As the software could execute remote Tcl scripts automatically, this was a potential security issue.[39]

tkWWW was criticized for not supporting the mailto URI scheme, rlogin, WAIS, and HTML forms. A stop-button to interrupt the transfer of web pages was also not integrated.[40]

Extensions

A diagram how tkWWW and TkWWW Robot working together.

Because tkWWW based on the tk framework, it is very easy to expand the functionalities. There were several extensions and applications based on the tkWWW.[33][41]

Phoenix

Phoenix was a well-known web browser and editor built upon tkWWW version 0.9 created at the University of Chicago in the Biological Sciences Division.[1][42][43] Development started in the summer of 1993 because there weren't any easy to use web page editors available.[44] In May 1995, they ceased development considering there to be enough similar tools available.[42][44] The main new features were the better HTML+ support,[1][42] integration in the underlying operating system with features like copy and paste and a native look,[1][42] and support for the Kerberos protocol by modified servers.[1] The browser was supported on MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Unix, and Linux.[1][42][45] Further development would have added support for BSD.[1]

The short term plan of tkWWW was to separate the editing from browsing capabilities which were already implemented in Phoenix.[46] Inline image support of GIFs and ISMAPs were also already integrated in the first version of Phoenix.[42]

The ability to access Multi-user Object Oriented (MOO) or Multi-User Dungeon (MUD) servers were requested as a new package for tkWWW which the Phoenix team successful integrated.[47][48][49]

The TkWWW Robot

A screenshot of the TkWWW Robot Browsing Interface.

Scott Spetka presented a paper at the Mosaic and the Web Conference in Chicago about The TkWWW Robot in October 1994.[50][51] TkWWW robot is one of the first web crawler and Internet bot based on the tkWWW and developed over the summer at the Air Force Rome Laboratory with funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research.[52] It is designed to build HTML indexes, compile WWW statistics, collect a portfolios of pictures, or perform any other function.[52] The main advantage that the TkWWW robot had is its flexibility in adapting to virtually any criteria possible to guide its search path and control selection of data for retrieval.[50][53]

The search algorithm worked by searching so called "web neighborhoods" by finding logically related homepages. The bot returned a list of links that look like bookmarks. One problem was that the search was limited to two links from the original homepages.[52]

System requirements and technical

tkWWW was originally a tool for Unix but since it is based on the Tcl/Tk toolkit, it should work on every operating system which supports the toolkit and has these two packages installed.[6][54][55] To display images, tkWWW requires the xli package.[54][55]

It has two strictly separated processes: one for the GUI and one for network interaction and parsing HTML.[56] The second part is compiled C code based on the libwww library by CERN.[56] The frontend GUI is written in tk and interpreted at runtime.[56]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Lavenant, Marc G.; Kruper, John A. (25–27 May 1994). "The Phoenix Project: Distributed Hypermedia Authoring" (POSTSCRIPT). World Wide Web Conference 1. University of Chicago: CERN. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Wang, Joseph (25 July 1992). "tkWWW-0.1". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Wang, Joseph. "Overview". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
  4. ↑ Vetter, Ronald J. (October 1994). "Mosaic and the World-Wide Web" (PDF). North Dakota State University. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Cockburn, Andy; Jones, Steve (6 December 2000). "Which Way Now? Analysing and Easing Inadequacies in WWW Navigation". CiteSeerX: 10.1.1.25.8504.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 "Red Hat Linux Unleashed rhl50.htm". Retrieved 19 November 2010.
  7. ↑ Wang, Joseph. "Globewide Network Academy". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 17 November 2010.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Berners-Lee, Tim (May 1992). "May World-Wide Web News". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
  9. ↑ Berners-Lee, Tim; Cailliau, Robert (23–27 September 1992). "World-Wide Web" (POSTSCRIPT). World Wide Web Conference. World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
  10. ↑ LoVerso, John R.; Mazer, Murray S. (July 1997). "Caubweb: Detaching the Web with Tcl" (PDF). Fifth Annual Tcl/Tk Workshop. Boston, Massachusetts: USENIX. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
  11. ↑ Wang, Joseph. "tkWWW as a replacement for rrn". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Wang, Joseph. "tkWWW TODO list". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
  13. ↑ Wang, Joseph (25 July 1992). "tkWWW-0.1". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
  14. ↑ Wang, Joseph (18 October 1992). "Announcing tkWWW release 0.4". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Wang, Joseph (8 February 1993). "Announcing tkWWW Version 0.5 Alpha". 1977.webhistory.org. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
  16. ↑ Wang, Joseph (18 March 1993). "Announcing tkWWW Version 0.6 alpha". The World Wide Web History Project. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
  17. ↑ Wang, Joseph. "Version 0.6". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 Wang, Joseph (1 May 1993). "Announcing tkWWW 0.7, the first WYWSIWYG X11 HTML editor". The World Wide Web History Project. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
  19. ↑ Liu, Cricket; Peek, Jerry; Jones, Russ (December 1994). Managing Internet information services. O'Reilly Media. p. 292. ISBN 978-1-56592-062-0. Retrieved 30 November 2010.
  20. ↑ Torkington, Nathan (17 Apr 1993). "HTML Editing". The World Wide Web History Project. Retrieved 30 November 2010.
  21. ↑ Wang, Joseph (17 Apr 1993). "Re: HTML Editing". The World Wide Web History Project. Retrieved 30 November 2010.
  22. ↑ Wang, Joseph. "Version 0.7". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
  23. ↑ Wang, Joseph. "Version 0.8". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
  24. ↑ Wang, Joseph. "Version 0.9". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
  25. ↑ Wang, Joseph. "tkWWW Version 0.9 beta (joe@athena.mit.edu)". Retrieved 22 November 2010.
  26. ↑ Wang, Joseph (26 April 1994). "ANNOUNCING tkWWW-0.11". University of Calgary. Retrieved 22 November 2010.
  27. ↑ Wang, Joseph (2 April 1995). "ANNOUNCE: Beta version of tkWWW-0.13 is available". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
  28. ↑ Connolly, Dan (28 September 1999). "HTML 2.0 Materials". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
  29. ↑ Lord, Thomas (July 1995). "An Anatomy of Guile The Interface to Tcl/Tk" (POSTSCRIPT). Third Annual Tcl/Tk Workshop. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Usenix. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Wang, Joseph. "Working notes.........". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
  31. ↑ Wang, Joseph. "tkWWW TODO list". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 22 November 2010.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Williams, Nick; Wilkinson, Tim (15 April 1994). "Experiences in Writing a WYSIWYG Editor for HTML" (POSTSCRIPT). CERN. Retrieved 22 November 2010.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Fischer, Christian (15 February 1995). "Konzeption eines Werkzeugs zur Erfassung von Betreiberanforderungen an ein integriertes Netz- und Systemmanagement" (POSTSCRIPT). Diplomarbeit (in German). Technische Universität München. p. 97. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 34.4 34.5 34.6 Wang, Joseph. "Demos of tkWWW multimedia capabilities". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 Wang, Joseph. "History of tkWWW". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
  36. ↑ Yee, Ka-Ping (3 May 1996). "Displaying Japanese on the WWW". Retrieved 22 November 2010.
  37. ↑ TAKADA, Toshihiro. "WWW Browsers that can display Japanese". Nippon Telegraph and Telephone. Archived from the original on 8 February 1998. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
  38. ↑ Wang, Joseph. "tkWWW as a replacement for FTP". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
  39. ↑ Ball, Steve (10–13 July 1996). "SurfIt! - A WWW Browser" (POSTSCRIPT). Fourth USENIX Tcl/Tk Workshop. Monterey, California: USENIX. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
  40. ↑ Ian S. Graham, The HTML Sourcebook: The Complete Guide to HTML, p. 327.
  41. ↑ Wang, Joseph. "tk applications". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 17 November 2010.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 42.4 42.5 Kruper, John A.; Lavenant, Marc G.; Maskay, Manisha H.; Jones, Thomas M. (1994). "Building Internet Accessible Medical Education Software Using the World Wide Web". Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care (University of Chicago): 32–6. PMC 2247761. PMID 7949942.
  43. ↑ Virden, Larry W. (26 July 2006). "comp.lang.tcl Frequently Asked Questions (July 26, 2006) (4/6)". Sourceforge. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 README of Phoenix-0.1.8 Alpha release (released 15 May 1995); available here
  45. ↑ Newberg, Lee A. (12 May 1995). "Announcing Phoenix, A Genuinely-WYSIWYG HTML Editor". The University of Chicago. Archived from the original on 2 December 1998.
  46. ↑ Mintert, Stefan. "Weberknechte". iX 08/1995 (in German) (Heinz Heise): 54. Retrieved 22 November 2010.
  47. ↑ Berners-Lee, Tim. "MOOs and WWW". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
  48. ↑ Newberg, Lee A.; Rouse III, Richard O.; Kruper, John A. (1995). "Integrating the World-Wide Web and Multi-User Domains to Support Advanced Network-Based Learning Environments" (PDF). Proceedings of The World Conference on Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia. Graz, Austria: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
  49. ↑ Wang, Joseph; Butts, Carter; Reilly, Colman; Speh, Marcus (1993). "WWW and the Globewide Network Academy" (POSTSCRIPT). Texas: Globewide Network Academy. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 Spetka, Scott (17 October 1994). "The TkWWW Robot: Beyond Browsing". National Center for Supercomputing Applications. Archived from the original on 24 July 2001. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
  51. ↑ "Submission Robots Index". Hostsun. 2002. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 Yang, Christopher C.; Yen, Jerome; Chen, Hsinchun (2000). "Intelligent internet searching agent based on hybrid simulated annealing" (PDF). Elsevier. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
  53. ↑ Khosravi, Fariborz; Arjomand, Tajalmolouk. "The new Era in Intelligent Agent Design Using Genetic Algorithms Approach" (PDF). Faslname-ye Ketab (National Library of the Islamic Republic of Iran) (53). ISSN 1022-6451. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 "UNIX WWW BROWSERS". University of Toronto. Retrieved 22 November 2010.
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 README-file of the tkWWW-0.13pre2 package.
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 Wang, Joseph. "tkWWWInternals". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 19 November 2010.

External links

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