Timeline of Kraków
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Kraków, Poland.
- This is an incomplete list that may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Prior to 20th century
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- 1000 - Catholic diocese of Kraków established.[1]
- 1044 - Benedictine Abbey of Tyniec established near Kraków.[2]
- 1142 - Cathedral built (approximate date).[2]
- 1241 - Kraków sacked by Tatars.[3]
- 1257 - Lokacja Krakowa established; town granted Magdeburg rights.[3]
- 1306 - Kraków taken by Władysław Łokietek.[3]
- 1313 - Kraków Town Hall built (approximate date).
- 1320 - Kraków becomes Polish capital.[4]
- 1364
- Cracow Academy founded.[5]
- Wawel Cathedral[6] and Collegium Maius built.
- 1390 - Public clock installed (approximate date).[7]
- 1395 - Kraków Cloth Hall built.[6]
- 1397 - St. Mary's Basilica built.
- 1407 - Synagogue built in Kazimierz.[8]
- 1420 - Bellmakers guild established.[2]
- 1491 - Printing press in operation.[9]
- 1521 - Sigismund Bell installed in tower of Wawel Cathedral.
- 1566 - Kraków arsenal built (near St. Florian's Gate).
- 1609 - Polish capital relocated from Kraków to Warsaw by Sigismund III Vasa (approximate date).[3]
- 1610 - Bagel first mentioned.
- 1618 - Church of St. Adalbert rebuilt.
- 1619 - Saints Peter and Paul Church built.[6]
- 1643 - Obergymnasium of St. Anna (school) built on St. Anna Street, Kraków .[6]
- 1655 - Siege of Kraków (1655) by Swedish forces.[3]
- 1702 - City taken by forces of Charles XII of Sweden.[4]
- 1703 - Church of St. Anne, Kraków rebuilt.[2]
- 1768 - City taken by Russian forces.[4]
- 1781 - Theatre opens.
- 1783 - Botanic Garden of the Jagiellonian University founded.[10]
- 1794
- 24 March: Kościuszko's proclamation against Russian rule occurs in Main Square.[3]
- June: Prussians in power.[4]
- 1795 - City becomes part of Austria.[4]
- 1809 - City becomes part of the Duchy of Warsaw.[3]
- 1810 - Population: 23,612.
- 1815 - Republic of Krakow established per Congress of Vienna.[11]
- 1820 - Most of Kraków Town Hall demolished (except tower).
- 1831 - City occupied by Russian forces.[4]
- 1846
- February: Kraków Uprising against Austrian forces; Polish National Government (Kraków Uprising) established.
- November: City becomes part of Austria again; Grand Duchy of Cracow established.[11]
- 1847 - Kraków Główny railway station built.
- 1848 - Czas newspaper begins publication.[12]
- 1850 - 18 July: Kraków fire of 1850 .[4]
- 1869 - July: Imprisonment of nun Barbara Ubryk discovered; unrest ensues.[4]
- 1873 - School of Fine Arts and Academy of Learning[13] active.
- 1879 - National Museum, Kraków established.
- 1885 - Park Krakowski established.[14]
- 1893 - Municipal Theatre opens.
- 1898 - Mickiewicz monument installed in Main Square.[6]
20th century
- 1905 - Zielony Balonik literary cabaret begins in Jama Michalika on Floriańska Street.
- 1909 - Kraków Philharmonic Orchestra founded.
- 1916 - Kino Sztuka (cinema) opens.
- 1917 - Formiści (art group) formed.[15]
- 1918 - City becomes part of Poland.[3]
- 1920 - Population: 176,463.[16]
- 1929 - Kraków Zoo opens.[17]
- 1930 - Wawel Castle museum established.
- 1931
- Kraków Philharmonic hall opens.
- Population: 219,300.
- 1933 - Grupa Krakowska (art group) formed.[18]
- 1939
- 6 September: German forces enter city.
- 4 November: City becomes seat of Nazi German General Government of occupied Poland.
- 1941 - March: Kraków Ghetto of Jews established by occupying Germans.
- 1945
- January: Russians take city; German occupation ends.[3]
- Historical Museum of Kraków established.
- 1946 - Krakow Polytechnic established.
- 1949
- Gazeta Krakowska newspaper begins publication.
- Development of Nowa Huta area begins.
- 1950
- 1951 - Polish Academy of Sciences' Division of Medicinal Plants established.[10]
- 1954
- Lenin Steelworks begins operating.
- Opera Krakowska founded.
- 1955
- 1959 - Krzysztofory Gallery[18] and Kino Mikro (cinema). open.
- 1961 - Kraków Film Festival begins.
- 1964
- Balice Airport begins operating.
- Karol Wojtyła becomes Catholic archbishop.[20]
- 1965 – Population: 520,145.
- 1967 - Kino Kijów (cinema) opens.
- 1973 - Tyniec becomes part of Kraków.
- 1975 - Population: 684,600.
- 1978 - Kraków Old Town designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.[21]
- 1988 - Jewish Culture Festival in Kraków begins.[22]
- 1990 - Czas Krakowski newspaper begins publication.[12]
- 1993 - Institute for Strategic Studies established.
- 1997 - Cracow Klezmer Band formed.
- 1998 - Andrzej Maria Gołaś becomes mayor.
- 1999 - City becomes part of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship.
21st century
- 2000 - City designated an European Capital of Culture.[21]
- 2002 - Jacek Majchrowski becomes mayor.
- 2006 - Galeria Krakowska shopping mall in business.
- 2008
- Kraków Fast Tram begins operating.
- International Festival of Independent Cinema Off Plus Camera begins.
- 2009 - Kino Agrafka (cinema) opens.
- 2010
- Museum of Contemporary Art in Kraków,[23] Oskar Schindler's Enamel Factory museum,[23] and Bernatek Footbridge [23] open.
- Paderewski monument erected in Strzelecki Park, Kraków .
- 2012 - Population: 758,300.[24]
- 2014 - May: Kraków referendum, 2014 held; Kraków bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics withdrawn.
See also
- History of Kraków
- Other names of Kraków, e.g. Krakau
- List of mayors of Kraków
- Population of Kraków
- List of churches of Kraków
- List of events in Kraków (currently ongoing)
- List of Polish monarchs, some crowned in Kraków
- Other cities in Poland
- Timeline of Białystok
- Timeline of Gdańsk
- Timeline of Łódź
- Timeline of Poznań
- Timeline of Szczecin
- Timeline of Warsaw
- Timeline of Wrocław
- Category:Timelines of cities in Poland (in Polish)
References
- ↑ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Poland". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved April 2015.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Colum Hourihane, ed. (2012). "Krakow". Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-539536-5.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 George Lerski (1996). "Cracow". Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-26007-0.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Cracow", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
- ↑ "Cracow", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 "Cracow". Austria-Hungary (11th ed.). Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. 1911.
- ↑ Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
- ↑ "Kraków". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. New York: Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Archived from the original on March 2015.
- ↑ Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel. The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. H. Grevel & Co.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Garden Search: Poland". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved April 2015.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), "Cracow", Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 460, OL 6112221M
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Poland: Directory". Europa World Year Book. Taylor & Francis. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
- ↑ Maria Kocojowa (1994). "Poland". In Wayne A. Wiegand and Donald G. Davis, Jr. Encyclopedia of Library History.
- ↑ Józef Rostafiński (1891). Przewodnik po Krakowie i okolicy [Guide to Kraków] (in Polish). Kraków.
- ↑ Chris Michaelides, ed. (2007). "Chronology of the European Avant Garde, 1900─1937". Breaking the Rules: The Printed Face of the European Avant Garde 1900-1937. Online Exhibitions. British Library.
- ↑ "Poland". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921 – via Hathi Trust.
- ↑ Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 "Central Europe, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved April 2015.
- ↑ "Poland". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved April 2015.
- ↑ Trudy Ring, ed. (1995). "Kraków". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Northern Europe. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-136-63944-9.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Howard Hughes et al. (2003). "Significance of European 'Capital of Culture' for Tourism and Culture: The Case of Kraków 2000". International Journal of Arts Management 5. JSTOR 41064794.
- ↑ Steven Saxonberg and Magdalena Waligórska (2006). "Klezmer in Kraków: Kitsch, or Catharsis for Poles?". Ethnomusicology 50. JSTOR 20174469.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 "36 Hours in Krakow", New York Times, 29 September 2011
- ↑ "Concise Statistical Yearbook of Poland 2014". Central Statistical Office of Poland.
Review Tables: Cities
This article incorporates information from the Polish Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.
Further reading
- Published in the 18th-19th century
- William Coxe (1784), "Cracow", Travels into Poland, Russia, Sweden, and Denmark, London: T. Cadell, OCLC 654136
- Abraham Rees (1819), "Cracow", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown
- John Russell (1828), "Cracow", A Tour in Germany, and Some of the Southern Provinces of the Austrian Empire, in 1820, 1821, 1822, Edinburgh: Constable, OCLC 614379840
- David Brewster, ed. (1832). "Cracow". Edinburgh Encyclopædia 7. Philadelphia: Joseph and Edward Parker.
- Charles Knight, ed. (1866). "Cracow". Geography. English Cyclopaedia 2. London: Bradbury, Evans, & Co.
- William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Cracow". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg.
- George Henry Townsend (1877), "Cracow", Manual of Dates (5th ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
- David Kay (1880), "Principal Towns: Cracow", Austria-Hungary, Foreign Countries and British Colonies, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington
- Norddeutscher Lloyd (1896), "Cracow", Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England, Berlin: J. Reichmann & Cantor, OCLC 8395555
- Published in the 20th century
- "Cracow", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
- "Cracow". Handbook for Travellers in South Germany and Austria (15th ed.). London: J. Murray. 1903 – via Google Books.
- "Cracow". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York. 1908.
- Leonard Lepszy (1912), Cracow, the royal capital of ancient Poland, London: T.F. Unwin
- KZ Sowa (1984). The development of Kraków in the nineteenth century against the background of the historic role of the city. In B Hamm and B Jaowiecki (Eds.), Urbanism and human values. Bonn: BFLR, pp. 101–128.
- Published in the 21st century
- Laurențiu Rădvan (2010), "Towns in the Kingdom of Poland: Wroclaw and Krakow", At Europe's Borders: Medieval Towns in the Romanian Principalities, Translated by Valentin Cîrdei, Leiden: Brill, p. 47+, ISBN 9789004180109
External links
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