Tiger reserves of India
There are 48[1] tiger reserves in India[2] which are governed by Project Tiger which is administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority. India is home to 70 percent of tigers in the world. In 2006, there were 1,411 tigers which increased to 1,706 in 2011 and 2,226 in 2014.[3]
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Goals
The goal 53,547.5 km2 (20,674.8 sq mi) of declared reserves are operated by state forestry departments "to ensure maintenance of viable populations of the conservation dependent Bengal tigers in India. The tigers are maintained for their scientific, economic, aesthetic, cultural and ecological values and to preserve for all time areas of biological importance as a national heritage for the benefit, education and enjoyment of the people."[4]
Population assessment
The landmark 2008 report, Status of the Tigers, Co-predators, and Prey in India, published by the National Tiger Conservation Authority, estimated only 1,411 adult tigers in existence in India.[5] The 2010 National Tiger Assessment estimated the total population of tigers in India as 1,706. As per Ministry of Environment and Forests, the tiger population in India stood at 2,226 in 2014,[6] with an increase of 30.5% since the 2010 estimate. This exhaustive study indicated that better protected tiger source sites, especially tiger reserves, have maintained viable populations. However, the area occupied by tigers outside protected areas has decreased considerably. This demonstrates the need for corridors for tigers to move between source sites. The existing tiger reserves represent around one-third of India's high density forest area.[7]
In 2010-11, National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) in partnership with the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) undertook an independent management effectiveness evaluation (MEE) of the 44 tiger reserves in the country. The reserves were categorized into four major categories. Karnataka has the highest number of tigers in the age group of 1.5 years with more 408 big cats. Uttarakhand has 340, Madhya Pradesh 308, Tamil Nadu 229, Maharashtra 190, Assam 167, Kerala 136 and Uttar Pradesh 117.
List of Tiger reserves in India
| S.No. | Tiger Reserve | State | CoreArea(km2) | BufferArea(km2) | Total Area (km2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1[2] | Bandipur | Karnataka | 872.24 | 584.06 | 1456.3 |
| 2 | Corbett | Uttarakhand | 821.99 | 466.32 | 1288.31 |
| Amangarh (buffer of Corbett) | Uttar Pradesh | - | 80.6 | 80.6 | |
| 3 | Kanha | Madhya Pradesh | 917.43 | 1134.361 | 2051.791 |
| 4 | Manas | Assam | 840.04 | 2310.88 | 3150.92 |
| 5 | Melghat | Maharashtra | 1500.49 | 1268.03 | 2768.52 |
| 6 | Palamau | Jharkhand | 414.08 | 715.85 | 1129.93 |
| 7 | Ranthambore | Rajasthan | 1113.364 | 297.9265 | 1411.291 |
| 8 | Similipal | Odisha | 1194.75 | 1555.25 | 2750 |
| 9 | Sunderbans | West Bengal | 1699.62 | 885.27 | 2584.89 |
| 10 | Periyar | Kerala | 881 | 44 | 925 |
| 11 | Sariska | Rajasthan | 881.1124 | 332.23 | 1213.342 |
| 12 | Buxa | West Bengal | 390.5813 | 367.3225 | 757.9038 |
| 13 | Indravati (Indravati National Park) | Chhattisgarh | 1258.37 | 1540.7 | 2799.07 |
| 14 | Namdapha | Arunachal Pradesh | 1807.82 | 245 | 2052.82 |
| 15 | Dudhwa | Uttar Pradesh | 1093.79 | 1107.9848 | 2201.7748 |
| 16 | Kalakad-Mundanthurai | Tamil Nadu | 895 | 706.542 | 1601.542 |
| 17 | Valmiki | Bihar | 598.45 | 300.93 | 899.38 |
| 18 | Pench | Madhya Pradesh | 411.33 | 768.30225 | 1179.63225 |
| 19 | Tadoba-Andhari | Maharashtra | 625.82 | 1101.7711 | 1727.5911 |
| 20 | Bandhavgarh | Madhya Pradesh | 716.903 | 820.03509 | 1598.1 |
| 21 | Panna | Madhya Pradesh | 576.13 | 1021.97 | 1578.55 |
| 22 | Dampa | Mizoram | 500 | 488 | 988 |
| 23 | Bhadra | Karnataka | 492.46 | 571.83 | 1064.29 |
| 24 | Pench | Maharashtra | 257.26 | 483.96 | 741.22 |
| 25 | Pakke | Arunachal Pradesh | 683.45 | 515 | 1198.45 |
| 26 | Nameri | Assam | 200 | 144 | 344 |
| 27 | Satpura | Madhya Pradesh | 1339.264 | 794.04397 | 2133.30797 |
| 28 | Anamalai | Tamil Nadu | 958.59 | 521.28 | 1479.87 |
| 29 | Udanti-Sitanadi | Chattisgarh | 851.09 | 991.45 | 1842.54 |
| 30 | Satkosia | Odisha | 523.61 | 440.26 | 963.87 |
| 31 | Kaziranga | Assam | 625.58 | 548 | 1173.58 |
| 32 | Achanakmar | Chattisgarh | 626.195 | 287.822 | 914.017 |
| 33 | Dandeli-Anshi | Karnataka | 814.884 | 282.63 | 1097.514 |
| 34 | Sanjay-Dubri | Madhya Pradesh | 812.571 | 861.931 | 1674.502 |
| 35 | Mudumalai | Tamil Nadu | 321 | 367.59 | 688.59 |
| 36 | Nagarahole | Karnataka | 643.35 | 562.41 | 1205.76 |
| 37 | Parambikulam | Kerala | 390.89 | 252.772 | 643.662 |
| 38 | Sahyadri | Maharashtra | 600.12 | 565.45 | 1165.57 |
| 39 | BR Temple | Karnataka | 359.1 | 215.72 | 574.82 |
| 40 | Kawal | Telangana | 893.23 | 1125.89 | 2019.12 |
| 41 | Sathyamangalam | Tamil Nadu | 793.49 | 614.91 | 1408.4 |
| 42 | Mukandra Hills | Rajasthan | 417.17 | 342.82 | 759.99 |
| 43 | Nawegaon-Nagzira | Maharashtra | 653.674 | - | 653.674 |
| 44 | Nagarjunsagar Srisailam | Andhra Pradesh | 2595.72* | 700.59* | 3296.31* |
| 45 | Nagarjunsagar Srisailam | Telangana | 2166.37* | 445.02* | 2611.39* |
| 46 | Pilibhit | Uttar Pradesh | 602.798 | 127.4518 | 730.2498 |
| 47 | Bor | Maharashtra | 138.12 | - | 138.12 |
| 48 | Rajaji | Uttarakhand | 850 | 300 | 1150 |
| TOTAL | 39620.3 | 30206.17 | 69826.47 | ||
Future
In addition to existing reserves, The in-principle approval has been accorded by the National Tiger Conservation Authority for creation of three new tiger reserves, and the sites are: Ratapani (Madhya Pradesh), Sunabeda (Odisha) and Guru Ghasidas (Chhattisgarh). Final approval has been accorded to Kudremukh (Karnataka) and Rajaji National park in Uttarakhand for declaring as tiger reserves by States. The State Governments have been advised to send proposals for declaring the following areas as tiger reserves: (i) Suhelwa (Uttar Pradesh), (ii) Mhadei Sanctuary (Goa), (iii) Srivilliputhur Grizzled Giant Squirrel / Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuaries / Varushanadu Valley (Tamil Nadu), (iv) Dibang Wildlife Sanctuary (Arunachal Pradesh) and (v) Cauveri-MM Hills (Karnataka).[8]
References
- ↑ http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/rajaji-park-notified-as-tiger-reserve/article7120327.ece
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 http://projecttiger.nic.in/content/109_1_ListofTigerReservesCoreBufferAreas.aspx
- ↑ "India's tiger population sees 30% increase". January 20, 2015.
- ↑ "CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEME, PROJECT TIGER, XTH FIVE YEAR PLAN, GUIDELINES" (PDF). COMPENDIUM OF GUIDELINES & CIRCULARS ISSUED BY DIRECTOR (PROJECT TIGER). Delhi: PROJECT TIGER DIVISION MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT & FRORESTS GOVERNMENT OF INDIA. pp. A. PROJECT TIGER 1.1 Description of the Scheme and its objectives. Retrieved 2009-10-31.
- ↑ Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun (2008). Y.V. Jhala, R. Gopal, Q. Qureshi (eds.), ed. Status of the Tigers, Co-predators, and Prey in India (PDF). TR 08/001. New Delhi: National Tiger Conservation Authority, Govt. of India. pp. –151.
- ↑ Tour My India: Population Of Big Cats
- ↑ "INDIA TIGER ESTIMATE 2010" (PDF), Public Information Brochure (New Delhi: Ministry of Environment and Forests, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA), 2011-03-28: 9, retrieved 2011-06-21
- ↑ http://rajeev.in/pages/..%5CNews%5CQuestions_Parliament%5CSteps_Taken_Preservation_Tigers_Karnataka_Mar192015.html
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