Thornton v. United States

Thornton v. United States

Argued March 31, 2004
Decided May 24, 2004
Full case name Marcus Thornton, Petitioner v. United States
Citations

541 U.S. 615 (more)

124 S.Ct. 2127; 158 L.Ed.2d 905
Prior history Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
Argument Oral argument
Holding
Belton governs even when an officer does not make contact until the person arrested has left the vehicle.
Court membership
Case opinions
Plurality Rehnquist, joined by Kennedy, Thomas, Breyer
Concurrence O'Connor
Concurrence Scalia, joined by Ginsburg
Dissent Stevens, joined by Souter

Thornton v. United States, 541 U.S. 615 (2004), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court, which held that when a police officer makes a lawful custodial arrest of an automobile's occupant, the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution allows the officer to search the vehicle's passenger compartment as a contemporaneous incident of arrest. Thornton extended New York v. Belton, ruling that it governs even when an officer does not make contact until the person arrested has left the vehicle. Thornton also suggests a separate justification for an evidentiary search "when it is reasonable to believe evidence relevant to the crime of arrest might be found in the vehicle." 541 U.S., at 632.

Thornton and Belton were distinguished by Arizona v. Gant, which restricted searches incident to arrest to circumstance where: 1) it is reasonable to believe that the arrested individual might access the vehicle at the time of the search; or 2) it is reasonable to believe that arrested individual's vehicle contains evidence of the offense that led to the arrest; or 3) the officer has probable cause to believe that there may be evidence of a crime concealed within the vehicle. Thus, while Arizona v. Gant modifies the search incident to arrest doctrine, it also leaves intact certain legal justifications for warrantless searches set forth in Chimel v. California, 395 U.S. 752 (1969), Thornton, and United States v. Ross, 456 U.S. 798 (1982).

See also

Further reading