Theodoros Manetas

Theodoros Manetas
Manetas as a Lt. General in the early 1930s
Born	1881^[1] Tripoli
Died	1947 Athens
Allegiance	Kingdom of Greece Second Hellenic Republic
Service/branch	Hellenic Army
Years of service	1902–1920, 1922–1925, 1926–1935
Rank	Lieutenant General
Wars	Balkan Wars, Macedonian Front

Theodoros Manetas (Greek: Θεόδωρος Μανέτας, 1881–1947) was a Greek Army officer who rose to the rank of Lieutenant General and served as Chief of the Hellenic Army General Staff in 1931–1933. He also served thrice in ministerial positions and was elected to parliament in 1946.

Military career

He was born in Tripoli in 1881, the son of the politician Panagiotis Manetas, the youngest brother of Lieutenant General Konstantinos Manetas and of the politician Ioannis Manetas.

After finishing school, he enrolled in the Hellenic Army Academy and graduated on 6 July 1902 as an Artillery Second Lieutenant. He was promoted to Lieutenant in 1909, and spent the period 1910–1912 studying in France. He returned to take part in the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913 as a battery commander, and was promoted to Captain in 1913 and Major in 1915.^[2]

During World War I, he joined the Venizelist Movement of National Defence and fought in the Macedonian Front leading artillery battalions and regiments. In 1917 he was promoted to Lt. Colonel and assigned as head of the Personnel Department in the Ministry of Military Affairs. In 1918 he was re-assigned to the front, assuming the post of artillery chief of the Cretan Division and taking part in the Battle of Doiran.^[2]

In 1919 he was promoted to full Colonel, but was dismissed from the Army in November 1920 following the Venizelist electoral defeat. After the disastrous defeat of the Greek army in Anatolia by the Turkish nationalist forces in August 1922 and the subsequent outbreak of a military revolt, he was recalled to active service by the new revolutionary government and named Inspector of Artillery. Promoted to Major General in 1924, he quarrelled with the dictator Theodoros Pangalos in 1925 and resigned, only to be recalled to his post soon after.^[2]

On 27 October 1928 he was named Vice-Minister of Military Affairs in Eleftherios Venizelos' cabinet, a post he held until 9 June 1929.^[3] Promoted to Lieutenant General, he was then given command of II Army Corps. In August 1931, he was appointed Chief of the Army General Staff, remaining at this post until 15 July 1933, when he re-assumed command of II Corps. he was involved in the unsuccessful Venizelist coup attempt in March 1935 and was dismissed from the Army on 30 April, following the coup's suppression.^[2]

Political career

Following the liberation of Greece from the Axis occupation, on 21 March 1945 Manetas was appointed as Minister Governor-General for Northern Greece in the Nikolaos Plastiras cabinet,^[4] a post he held until 16 April, a few days into the Petros Voulgaris cabinet.^[5] He then held the post of Minister of Military Affairs in the Themistoklis Sofoulis cabinet, from 22 November 1945 until 4 April 1946, and was pro tempore also Minister of Aviation in 22–26 November.^[6] Manetas elected to the Hellenic Parliament in the March 1946 elections on the Liberal Party ticket for his home province of Arcadia, holding the seat until his death in 1947.^[2]

References

↑ Note: Greece officially adopted the Gregorian calendar on 16 February 1923 (which became 1 March). All dates prior to that, unless specifically denoted, are Old Style.
↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "Αντιστράτηγος ΜΑΝΕΤΑΣ ΘΕΟΔΩΡΟΣ του ΠΑΝΑΓΙΩΤΟΥ, ΑΜ 5031." (PDF). Συνοπτική Ιστορία του Γενικού Επιτελείου Στρατού 1901–2001 [A Concise History of the Hellenic Army General Staff 1901–2001] (in Greek). Athens: Army History Directorate. 2001. p. 154.
↑ "Κυβέρνησις ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΙΟΥ ΒΕΝΙΖΕΛΟΥ - Από 4.7.1928 έως 7.6.1929" (in Greek). General Secretariat of the Government. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
↑ "Κυβέρνησις ΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΥ ΠΛΑΣΤΗΡΑ (De Facto) - Από 3.1.1945 έως 8.4.1945" (in Greek). General Secretariat of the Government. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
↑ "Κυβέρνησις ΠΕΤΡΟΥ ΒΟΥΛΓΑΡΗ (De Facto) - Από 8.4.1945 έως 11.8.1945" (in Greek). General Secretariat of the Government. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
↑ "Κυβέρνησις ΘΕΜΙΣΤΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ ΣΟΦΟΥΛΗ (De Facto) - Από 22.11.1945 έως 4.4.1946" (in Greek). General Secretariat of the Government. Retrieved 29 September 2012.

Political offices
Preceded by Spyridon Georgoulis	Minister for Military Affairs of Greece 22 November 1945 – 4 April 1946	Succeeded by Petros K. Mavromichalis
Vacant Axis Occupation Title last held by Alexandros Rangavis as Minister Governor-General for Macedonia in the Georgios Tsolakoglou cabinet	Minister Governor-General for Northern Greece 21 March – 16 April 1945	Succeeded by Alexandros Merentitis
Military offices
Preceded by Lt General Konstantinos Manetas	Chief of the Hellenic Army General Staff Αugust 1931 – 15 July 1933	Succeeded by Lt General Dimitrios Katheniotis

Chiefs of the Hellenic Army General Staff

Sapountzakis Danglis Nider^§ Kontogiannis^§ Dousmanis Metaxas^† Moschopoulos Stratigos^† Charalambis A. Vlachopoulos Dousmanis Gouvelis Exadaktylos^§ Makrykostas N. Vlachopoulos Klados Mazarakis-Ainian Sarigiannis Mazarakis-Ainian N. Vlachopoulos Merentitis^† Mazarakis-Ainian K. Manetas Th. Manetas Katheniotis Chasapidis Papagos Pallis Batas Maraveas Skoulas Bourdaras Laios^† Liosis^† Ventiris Liosis^† Dromazos Spiliotopoulos Ventiris Giatzis Kosmas Grigoropoulos Tsakalotos Tsingounis Gikas Nikolopoulos Seiradakis Kardamakis Sakellariou Gennimatas Spandidakis Angelis ^‡ Tsoumbas ^‡ Zagorianakos ^‡ Mastrantonis ^‡ Galatsanos ^‡ Davos ^‡ Gratsios Karagiannis Panagopoulos Kourkafas Pentheroudakis Vellidis Veryvakis Skarvelis Kapravelos K. Voulgaris Paragioudakis Antonakopoulos Charvalas Douvas Grapsas D. Voulgaris Frangos Ziazias Ginis Tselios Manolas Tellidis

^§ Substitute Chiefs of the General Staff for the Rear Areas/Interior (as opposed to the Field Staff) ^† Deputy Chiefs substituting during vacancies ^‡ Under the title "Chief of the Army"