Theobald I, Count of Blois
| Theobald I, Count of Blois | |
|---|---|
|
Original coat of arms of the county of Blois | |
| Spouse(s) | Luitgarde of Vermandois |
| Noble family | House of Blois |
| Father | Theobald the Elder of Blois |
| Mother | Richildis |
| Born | 913 |
| Died | 975 |
Theobald I (913–975), called the Trickster (le Tricheur meaning cheater), was the first count of Blois, Chartres, and Châteaudun as well as count of Tours.
Life
Theobald I was the son of Theobald le Vieux of Blois,[lower-alpha 1][1] who from 908 on was viscomte of Tours.[2] His wife, and the mother of Theobald was Richildis, a great-granddaughter of Rorgon I, Count of Maine.[1] Theobald I was initially a vassal of Hugh the Great, Duke of France.[3] Around 945, Louis IV was captured by Northmen and given over to Hugh the Great, who placed the king in Theobald's custody.[3] After about a year in his vassal's custody king Louis negotiated his freedom by offering Hugh the city of Laon which Hugh then gave to Theobald.[4] Theobald was the count of Tours from 942, was also count of Blois and in 960 count of Châteaudun and Chartres.[5]
Theobald's sister had married Alan II of Nantes, the Duke of Brittany, giving Theobald influence all the way to Rennes.[6] However the death of Alan II left a void in Brittany and left it vulnerable to encroachment by either the Normans or the Angevins.[7] Theobald made an alliance with Fulk II of Anjou which gave him control of Saumur a strategic citadel located between the Loire and Thouet rivers guarding the Angevin march.[7] This included control of the monastery of Saint-Florent inside the walls of Saumur.[7] In turn the recently widowed Fulk married Theobald's sister, the widow of Alan II of Nantes.[7]
In 960, he began opposing Richard I of Normandy and entered into a long war with the Normans. In 961, he attacked Évreux. The Normans responded by attacking Dunois. In 962, he launched an assault on Rouen which failed. The Normans burned Chartres in response. He took control of the fortresses of Saint-Aignan in the Loir-et-Cher, Vierzon, and Anguillon in Berry. During the minority of Hugh Capet, he reinforced Chartres and Châteaudun. He founded the Château de Chinon. By his death, he had built a vast power on the Loire, dominating central France.
About 943-44,[8] he married Luitgarde of Vermandois, widow of William I of Normandy.[9] She was the daughter of Herbert II, Count of Vermandois and Hildebrand of France, daughter of king Robert I of France.[10] Her half-brother was Hugh the Great Duke of France.[11]
Family
His wife Luitgarde of Vermandois bore him:
- Theobald (d. 962).[8]
- Hugh, Archbishop of Bourges (d. 985).[8]
- Odo (d. 995), succeeded his father as Count of Blois.[8]
- Hildegarde, married Bouchard de Bray, Lord of Montmorency.[8]
- Emma (d. aft. 1003), married William IV of Aquitaine.[lower-alpha 2][8]
Notes
- ↑ Theobald was also called Theobald 'the Elder' who in 878 replaced Warnegald as viscount in Maine, quite probably on the basis of his marriage to a Rorgonid cousin Richildis. See: Pierre Riché, The Carolingians (1993), p. 237.
- ↑ His daughter Emma brought him the county of Provins, nucleus of the later county of Champagne.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 K.S.B. Keats-Rohan, 'Two Studies in North French Prosopography', Journal of Medieval History, Vol. 20 (1994), p. 10
- ↑ The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni, Ed. & Trans. Elisabeth M.V. Van Houts (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1992), pp. 56-7 n. 1
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 The Annals of Flodoard of Reims; 919-966, Ed. & Trans. Steven Fanning & Bernard S. Bachrach (University of Toronto Press, 2011), pp. 41-2
- ↑ The Annals of Flodoard of Reims; 919-966, Ed. & Trans. Steven Fanning & Bernard S. Bachrach (University of Toronto Press, 2011), p. 44
- ↑ Pierre Riché, The Carolingians; A Family who Forged Europe,Trans. Michael Idomir Allen (University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1993), p. 264
- ↑ Bernard S. Bachrach, Fulk Nerra the Neo-Roman Consul, 987-1040 (University of California Press, 1993), p. 7
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Bernard S. Bachrach, Fulk Nerra the Neo-Roman Consul, 987-1040 (University of California Press, 1993), p. 8
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany, J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 46
- ↑ The Normans in Europe, Ed. & Trans. Elisabeth van Houts (Manchester University Press, UK, 2000), p. 183
- ↑ Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band III Teilband 1 (Marburg, Germany, J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 49
- ↑ Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany, J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 10
| Theobald I, Count of Blois House of Blois Born: 913 Died: 975 | ||
| Preceded by Gello as Viscount of Blois |
Count of Blois 928-975 |
Succeeded by Odo I |
| Preceded by Theobald as Vicomte of Tours |
Count of Tours 928-975 |
Succeeded by The Counts of Blois |