The Onion

The Onion
Type Parody news organization
Format Tabloid and website
Owner(s) Onion, Inc.
Founder(s) Tim Keck and Christopher Johnson
Editor Cole Bolton
Founded 1988 in Madison, WI
Ceased publication 2013 (print)
Headquarters Chicago, Illinois, United States
Circulation 200,000
Website theonion.com
Onion, Inc.
Private
Industry Publishing
Founded Madison, Wisconsin, USA 1988
Founder Tim Keck
Christopher Johnson
Headquarters Chicago, Illinois, USA
Key people
 David Schafer (Chairman), Steve Hannah (CEO), Mike McAvoy (President), Josh Modell (General Manager, A.V. Club)[1]
Products The Onion newspaper, radio, video, books; The A.V. Club
Number of employees
 70

The Onion is an American digital media company and news satire organization. It runs an entertainment website featuring satirical articles reporting on international, national, and local news. It also runs a non-satirical entertainment section known as The A.V. Club. Starting in 2007, the organization published satirical news audio and video online, as the "Onion News Network".[2] In 2014, the Onion News Network was folded back into the original brand as "the Onion Video".

The Onion‍ '​s articles comment on current events, both real and fictional. It parodies traditional news websites with stories, editorials, op-ed pieces, and man-in-the-street interviews, using a traditional news website layout and an editorial voice modeled after that of the Associated Press. Its humor often depends on presenting mundane, everyday events as newsworthy, surreal or alarming.

The Onion's parent company, Onion Inc., also runs an entertainment website called The A.V. Club that features interviews and reviews of various newly released media, as well as other weekly features. In 2013, Onion Inc. launched Onion Labs, an advertising agency.[3] Originally a print publication, The Onion launched its website in 1996.[4] Print publishing ceased in December 2013.

History

Tim Keck and Christopher Johnson, juniors at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, founded The Onion there in 1988.[5] The following year, they sold it to Editor-in-Chief Scott Dikkers and Advertising Sales Manager Peter Haise for less than $20,000 ($16,000, according to The Washington Post;[5] a 2003 Business 2.0 article reported the figure was $19,000[6]). Reportedly, it was Chris Johnson's uncle, Wm. Nels Johnson, who came up with the idea to name the paper The Onion.[7] "People always ask questions about where the name The Onion came from," said former President Sean Mills in an interview with Wikinews; "and, when I recently asked Tim Keck, who was one of the founders, he told me...literally that his uncle said he should call it The Onion when he saw him and Chris Johnson eating an onion sandwich. They had literally just cut up the onion and put it on bread." According to former Editorial Manager, Chet Clem, their food budget was so low when they started the paper that they were down to white bread and onions.[8] This account was recently disputed by the current editor of the Onion, Cole Bolton, during an event at the University of Chicago. Cole Bolton called Sean Mills' account "the dumbest explanation" and asserted that it is likely wrong. According to Bolton, the most plausible explanation is that The Onion was mocking a campus newsletter called "The Union."[9]

At first, The Onion was a success in a limited number of cities and towns, notably those with major universities (e.g. Madison, Milwaukee, Chicago, Champaign-Urbana). Originally the entire bottom three inches of the paper could be cut off for coupons to local Milwaukee and Madison establishments, such as inexpensive student-centered eateries and video rental stores.

The creation of its website in 1996 allowed it to receive national attention in the US. In early 2001, the company relocated its editorial offices from Madison to New York City. The website continues to make occasional Madison references, placing odd stories in surrounding towns or running photographs of local landmarks to illustrate stories set elsewhere. In April 2007, The Onion launched The Onion News Network, a web video sendup of 24-hour TV news.

The paper's founders went on to become publishers of other alternative weeklies: Keck of the Seattle weekly The Stranger and Johnson of the Albuquerque Weekly Alibi.

Scott Dikkers is The Onion‍ '​s longest-serving Editor-in-Chief (1988–1999, 2005–2008).[10][11]

In 2003, The Onion was purchased by David Schafer, a fund manager and investor in the company from then long time owner Peter Haise.[12]

On March 13, 2006, The Onion launched a YouTube channel, presented as a parody of American television news. As of 2014, the channel has over 740,000 subscribers.[13]

In April 2009, The Onion was awarded a Peabody Award that noted "the satirical tabloid's online send-up of 24-hour cable-TV news was hilarious, trenchant and not infrequently hard to distinguish from the real thing."[14]

In July 2009, various news outlets began reporting rumors of an impending sale of The Onion to a large media company.[15] A further rumor indicated that such a sale would be announced on Monday, July 20, 2009.[16] The purported sale was ultimately revealed as fictional Publisher Emeritus T. Herman Zweibel stating he'd sold the publication to a Chinese company, resulting in a week-long series of Chinese-related articles and features throughout The Onion website and publications.[17][18] On Wednesday, July 22, 2009, The Onion Editor Joe Randazzo clarified the issue on National Public Radio's All Things Considered, saying: "I'm sure there are many Chinese conglomerates out there that would love to buy The Onion. We are, in fact, still a solvent independently owned American company."[19]

In August 2011, The Onion‍ '​s website began testing a paywall model requiring a $2.95 monthly or $29.95 annual charge from non-U.S. visitors who want to read more than about five stories within 30 days. "We are testing a meter internationally as readers in those markets are already used to paying directly for some (other) content, particularly in the UK where we have many readers," said Onion, Inc. chief technology officer Michael Greer.[20][21][22]

In September 2011, it was announced that The Onion would move its entire editorial operation to Chicago by the summer of 2012. The news of the move left many of the writers—who moved with the publication from Madison to New York City in 2000—"blindsided", putting them in a position to decide whether to uproot themselves from New York City and follow the publication to Chicago, which was already home to the company's corporate headquarters.[23][24][25][26][27][28] At a comedy show on September 27, 2011, then-Editor Joe Randazzo announced that he would not be joining the staff in Chicago.[29] Further details of the internal issues surrounding the Chicago move—including an attempt for writers to find a new owner—are detailed in March 2012 articles in The Atlantic and New York magazine.[30][31] According to a March 31, 2012, article in the Chicago Tribune, founding editor Scott Dikkers returned to the publication stating that he hopes to find a "younger and hungrier" pool of talent than what was available in New York City. "The Onion is obviously always going to draw talent from wherever it is," Dikkers said. "In Madison, people used to just come in off the street … and we'd give them a shot. The Onion has always thrived on the youngest, greenest people."[32][33] According to a February 2013 article in Ad Age naming The Onion to its prestigious Digital A-List, the publication has not just survived, it's thrived since the 2012 move to consolidate operations in Chicago.[34]

In August 2012, it was revealed that a group of former The Onion writers had teamed up with Adult Swim to create comedy content on a website called Thing X.[35] According to Adam Frucci, writing for website Splitsider, "The Onion writers had nothing else going on, and AdultSwim.com wanted to take advantage of that. But only because they smelled a business opportunity. Adult Swim is just looking at it from a business standpoint."[36] On June 13, 2013, it was announced that Thing X would be shutting down with staff moving over to parent website adultswim.com on June 18, 2013.[37][38]

On November 8, 2013, Onion Inc. CEO Steve Hannah and President Mike McAvoy announced in Crain's Chicago Business that The Onion would move to an all-digital format by that December, citing a 30% year-over-year growth in pageviews to theonion.com.[39]

In June 2014, The Onion launched the spinoff website ClickHole, which parodies so-called "clickbait" websites such as BuzzFeed and Upworthy that capitalize on viral content.[40]

In November 2014, Bloomberg News reported that The Onion had hired a financial adviser for a possible sale.[41][42] Additionally, in a memo addressing potential sale rumors provided to Walt Mossberg’s tech site Re/code Onion CEO Steve Hannah states, “We have had follow-up conversations with numerous parties in recent months. Our advisors will continue to have those conversations and, hopefully, they will lead to the right outcome.”[43]

Distribution

The Onion and The A.V. Club are available free in the United States.

At times during The Onion print edition's 25-year run from 1988-2013, it was distributed for free in Madison, Milwaukee, Chicago, New York City, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Washington, D.C., Austin, Minneapolis, Philadelphia, Toronto, Denver, Indianapolis, Boulder, Omaha, Santa Fe,[44] Ann Arbor, Columbus,[45] and Providence. At the time the print edition ceased publication in December 2013, it was available only in Chicago, Milwaukee, and Providence.[46] At its peak, The Onion had a print circulation over 500,000.

Regular features

Regular features of The Onion include:

The Onion website is updated every day. A late 2012 redesign saw theonion.com move to a fully responsive format for better navigation and use on mobile and tablet devices. The A.V. Club followed, becoming fully responsive in late 2013.

Reporters and editors

The current Editor of The Onion is Cole Bolton, and the writing staff is Chad Nackers, Jermaine Affonso, Django Gold, Jocelyn Richard, Seena Vali and Jen Spyra. Past writers have included Todd Hanson, Mark Banker, Max Cannon, Amie Barrodale, Rich Dahm, Mike DiCenzo, Megan Ganz, Joe Garden, Janet Ginsburg, Dan Guterman, John Harris, John Krewson, Chris Karwowski, Dave Kornfeld, Tim Harrod, David Javerbaum, Ben Karlin, Peter Koechley, Carol Kolb, Joe Randazzo, Seth Reiss, Jason Roeder, Maria Schneider, Robert D. Siegel and Jack Szwergold.

Video and audio content

Onion News Network

In March 2007, The Onion launched Onion News Network, a daily web video broadcast that had been in production since mid-2006, with a story about an illegal immigrant taking an executive's $800,000-a-year job for $600,000 a year. The Onion has reportedly invested about $1 million in the production and has hired 15 new staffers to focus on the production of this video broadcast.[48] Carol Kolb, former Editor-in-Chief of The Onion, is the ONN's head writer; Will Graham is the showrunner and Executive Producer. On February 3, 2009, The Onion launched a spin-off of the ONN, the Onion Sports Network.

In a Wikinews interview in November 2007, former Onion President Mills said the ONN had been a huge hit. "We get over a million downloads a week, which makes it one of the more successful produced-for-the-Internet videos," said Mills. "If we're not the most successful, we're one of the most. It is a 24 hour news network. We have a new show that is part of the platform, but we also have a Sunday morning talk show that's called In The Know and we just launched a morning show this last week called Today Now. It has been really exciting; we'll have some new shows, show some archive footage and do some more in sports over the next year."[8]

In January 2011, The Onion launched two TV shows on cable networks. Onion SportsDome premiered January 11 on Comedy Central.[49] Onion News Network premiered January 21 on IFC.[50]

In March 2011, IFC officially announced the renewal of the Onion News Network for a second season.[51]

In June 2011, Comedy Central officially announced the cancellation of Onion SportsDome.[52]

In August 2011, the Writers Guild of America, East, AFL-CIO, announced the unionization of the Onion News Network writing staff, averting a potential strike which hinged on pay and benefits. It is also not the first time Onion, Inc. has been criticized for the way it treats its employees: In June 2011 A.V. Club Philadelphia city editor Emily Guendelsberger was the victim of an attack, and according to the Philadelphia Daily News, her job did not provide health insurance to cover hospital bills.[53] According to the WGA, ONN was the only scripted, live-action program that had employed non-union writers.[54] "The ONN writers stood together and won real improvements", said WGAE Executive Director Lowell Peterson. "We welcome them into the WGAE and we look forward to a productive relationship with the company." Peterson noted that more than 70 Guild members from all of the New York-based comedy shows signed a letter supporting the ONN writers, and hundreds of Guild members sent emails to the producers.[55][56][57][58]

In March 2012, IFC officially announced the cancellation of the Onion News Network.[59]

In April 2013, the pilot for the comedy series Onion News Empire premiered on Amazon.com, presented as a behind-the-scenes look of The Onion's newsroom. The pilot was one of several candidates for production, but was not selected.[60][61]

Cast

  • Joe Amato as Glen Bannon and Michael Bannon
  • Michele Ammon as Jean Anne Whorton
  • Bobbie Battista as herself
  • Beau Baxter as Reggie Greengrass
  • Jeremy Beiler as Jason Copeland
  • Bob Bowdon as Brian Scott
  • Julie Brister as LauraLee Hickock
  • Todd Alan Crain as Jeff Tate
  • Esther David as Jane Carmichael
  • Dorothi Fox as Nancy Fichandler
  • Kyla Grogan as Andrea Bennett
  • Lori Hammel as Leslie Hillerman
  • Brad Holbrook as Jim Haggerty
  • Brian Huskey as Duncan Birch
  • George Riddle as Joad Cressbeckler
  • Bobby Rivers as Robert Haige
  • Tracy Toth as Tracy Gill
  • Jennifer Dorr White as Julianna McKannis
  • Suzanne Sena as Ana Gentry and Brooke Alvarez
  • John Cariani as Michael Falk

Continuing series

To further invoke the atmosphere of a 24-hour network, The Onion produces the following video series:

YouTube original programming

In 2012, The Onion launched a series of YouTube videos produced by its Onion Digital Studios division, funded in part by a grant from YouTube and exclusive to the site. Series produced so far:

Film

Main article: The Onion Movie

The Onion Movie is a direct-to-video film written by then-Onion editor Robert D. Siegel and writer Todd Hanson and directed by Tom Kuntz and Mike Maguire (both under the pseudonym James Kleiner).[64]

Created in 2003, Fox Searchlight Pictures was on board to release the movie, originally called The Untitled Onion Movie, but at some point in the process, directors Tom Kuntz and Mike Maguire and writer Robert Siegel walked away from the project.

In 2006, New Regency Productions took over the production of the troubled project. After two years of being in limbo, the film was released on DVD on June 3, 2008. It is now credited as being directed by James Kleiner but still written by Hanson and Siegel.

In the spring of 2014, former Onion president, publisher, and CEO Peter Haise filed a lawsuit Palm Beach County court against the publication's current chairman David K. Schafer with regards to a missing "Executive Producer" credit on the failed film. As stated in the lawsuit, "Onion, Inc. has admitted that Haise was involved in and should have been named as an Executive Producer of the Film, and that the omission in the credits listed for the Film was an error."[65]

The Onion taken seriously

Upon occasion, the straight-faced manner in which The Onion reports non-existent happenings has resulted in third parties mistakenly citing The Onion stories as real news.

Other controversies

U.S. Presidential Seal dispute

In September 2005, the assistant counsel to President George W. Bush, Grant M. Dixton, wrote a cease-and-desist letter to The Onion, asking the paper to stop using the presidential seal, which is used in an online segment poking fun at the President through parodies of his weekly radio address. The law governing the Presidential Seal is contained in 18 U.S.C. § 713:

Whoever knowingly displays any printed or other likeness of the great seal of the United States, or of the seals of the President or the Vice President of the United States, or the seal of the United States Senate, or the seal of the United States House of Representatives, or the seal of the United States Congress, or any facsimile thereof, in, or in connection with, any advertisement, poster, circular, book, pamphlet, or other publication, public meeting, play, motion picture, telecast, or other production, or on any building, monument, or stationery, for the purpose of conveying, or in a manner reasonably calculated to convey, a false impression of sponsorship or approval by the Government of the United States or by any department, agency, or instrumentality thereof, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than six months, or both. (emphasis added)

By Executive Order, President Richard Nixon specifically enumerated the allowed uses of the Presidential Seal, which are more restrictive than the above title (Executive Order 11649), but which allows for exceptions to be granted upon formal request.[98]

The Onion has responded with a letter asking for formal use of the Seal in accordance with the Executive Order, while still maintaining that the use is legitimate. The letter written by Rochelle H. Klaskin, The Onion's lawyer, is quoted in the New York Times as saying "It is inconceivable that anyone would think that, by using the seal, The Onion intends to 'convey... sponsorship or approval' by the president," but then went on to ask that the letter be considered a formal application asking for permission to use the seal.[99][100]

85th Academy Awards controversy

During the 85th Academy Awards, a post from The Onion‍ '​s Twitter account called 9-year-old Best Actress nominee Quvenzhané Wallis "a cunt". The post was deleted within an hour, but not before hundreds of angry responses.[101] CEO Steve Hannah issued an apology to Wallis and the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, calling the remarks "crude and offensive" and "No person should be subjected to such a senseless, humorless comment masquerading as satire."[102] Scott Dikkers, who was Vice President Creative Development for the publication at the time, said in a Monday interview that the publication had sent a note of apology to Quvenzhané and her family but also stated, "She's a big star now. I think she can take it."[103] The apology was denounced by some former Onion writers who believe, "It wasn't a great joke, but big deal."[104]

As a political actor

Several commentators have characterized the Onion as being more overtly political (with a specifically liberal bent) since the move to Chicago. Noreen Malone, characterizing the publication as having a left-leaning outlook, said "The best op-eds in the country are written by the staff of The Onion, though they're often published as news articles. The satirical paper ... still does plenty of hilarious articles on the mundane ... but its writing on current events has become increasingly biting."[105] Malone, like other pundits,[106] specifically noted the Onion's sharp take on the Syrian Civil War, with David Weigel characterizing the publication's stance as effectively being "advocacy for intervention in Syria". Weigel attributed the trend toward more news satire – including political news satire – as being a byproduct the publication's shorter turnaround times after the internet version became the main version, endangering the Onion of becoming a "hivemind version of Andy Borowitz, telling liberals that what they already think is not only true but oh-so-arch".[107] Farhad Manjoo similarly attributed the publication's "more strident" vibe to the exigencies of the internet.[108] Conversely, conservative political website Breitbart has long condemned the Onion‍ '​s political effect; Breitbar pundit Christian Toto attributed the Onion's kid-glove handling of Barack Obama[109] to "the left's inability to mock one of their own",[110] for instance.

In 2014, Emmett Rensin claimed the Onion is an important if unintentional fomenter of Marxist thought in America: "breathing new life into a far-left movement ... the vanguard of revolution—the paper most dedicated to the overthrowing [of] capitalism in the United States today—is none other than The Onion".[111] Examples of indictments of false consciousness, commodity fetishization, and valorization of the invisible hand also abound, according to Rensin, who attributes the material to the humorists' need to work from "obvious, intuitive truth—the kind necessary for any kind of broadly appealing humor" rather than a conscious decision to promote Marxism.[111]

Books

See also

Similar satirical newspapers and magazines exist in many countries, including:

References

  1. ↑ Onion, Inc. contact page
  2. ↑ "Канал користувача TheOnion". YouTube. Retrieved 2011-03-23.
  3. ↑ "Onion Labs". Retrieved 2012-12-30.
  4. ↑ Farhad Manjoo (September 5, 2013). "A Disturbance in the Force". Slate. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Tower, Wells. "Onion Nation: A Look Inside the Offices of 'The Onion'". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2013-11-26.
  6. ↑ "The Onion: Funny site is no joke". Business 2.0 (CNN). 29 August 2003. Retrieved 2008-11-21.
  7. ↑ Parodies of current events catch interest of unlikely readers, Kathlyn Hotynski, The Spectator (University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire), February 8, 2007.
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  9. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0PaI5dC3IM8&feature=youtu.be&t=48m33s
  10. ↑ Onion co-founder extols the virtues of humor | Yale Daily News
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