The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope

The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope
Artist Henri Rousseau
Year Exhibited in 1905
Type Oil on canvas
Dimensions 200 cm × 301 cm (78 3⁄4 in × 118 1⁄2 in)
Location Fondation Beyeler[1], Riehen, Basel, Switzerland

The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope (Le lion ayant faim se jette sur l'antilope) is a large oil-on-canvas painting created by Henri Rousseau in 1905. Following Scouts Attacked by a Tiger the previous year, The Hungry Lion was the second jungle painting to mark Rousseau's return to this genre after a 10-year hiatus caused by the generally negative reception to his 1891 painting Tiger in a Tropical Storm.

The Hungry Lion features in a jungle scene of thick green foliage lit by a deep red setting sun. In the foreground, a lion bites deeply into the neck of an antelope. Other animals are visible in the dense undergrowth: a panther watches from the right, an owl stares out of the background holding a bloody strand of meat in its beak in the centre, with a second bird to its left, and dark ape-like shape with gimlet eye lurks to the left. Rousseau based the central pair of animals on a diorama of stuffed animals at the Paris Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, entitled Senegal Lion Devouring an Antelope.[2][3]

Rousseau's first jungle painting, Tiger in a Tropical Storm, was rejected by the Académie de peinture et de sculpture for their official Paris Salon, but he was able to show it at the 1891 Salon des Indépendants. Despite his increasing reputation, Rousseau continued to exhibit his works at the annual Salon des Indépendants, but The Hungry Lion was first shown at a third show, the Salon d'Automne, in 1905, alongside works by Matisse and Derain. Rousseau wrote a longer subtitle or caption to accompany his painting:

Le lion, ayant faim, se jette sur l'antilope, la dévore. La panthère attend avec anxiété le moment où, elle aussi, pourra en avoir sa part. Des oiseaux carnivores ont déchiqueté chacun un morceau de chair de dessus le pauvre animal versant un pleur! Soleil couchant. The lion, being hungry, throws itself on the antelope, [and] devours it. The panther anxiously awaits the moment when it too can claim its share. Birds of prey have each torn a piece of flesh from the top of the poor animal which sheds a tear. The sun sets.

The magazine L'Illustration printed a copy of the work in its edition of 4 November 1905, with works by Matisse, Derain, Cézanne and Vuillard.

The avante garde works on display at the 1905 Salon d'Automne were decried by art critic Louis Vauxcelles as "Donatello chez les fauves" (Donatello among the wild beasts),[4] contrasting the paintings with a Renaissance-style sculpture displayed in the same room at the Grand Palais.[5] Vauxcelles’ comment was printed on 17 October 1905 in Gil Blas,[4] a daily newspaper, and the term Fauvism passed into popular usage for the type of work exhibited, of seeming simplicity in vibrant colours.[5][6][7] The very term Fauvism may have been influenced directly by Rousseau's The Hungry Lion, although Rousseau was not himself counted as a Fauve.[8][9]

Despite their apparent simplicity, Rousseau's jungle paintings were built up meticulously in layers, using a large number of green shades to capture the lush exuberance of the jungle. Rousseau's work continued to be derided by the critics up to and after his death in 1910, but he won a following among his contemporaries: Picasso, Matisse, and Toulouse-Lautrec were all admirers of his work.

The Hungry Lion is now held by the Fondation Beyeler and is exhibited at their gallery at Riehen, near Basel, in Switzerland but before in 1905, it was exhibited in the Salon des Independants, in Paris.

References

  1. ↑ Entry in the collection of the Fondation Beyeler. Retrieved 2 September 2009.
  2. ↑ Henri Rousseau: Jungles in Paris, Tate Gallery, 3 November 2005 - 5 February 2006. Retrieved 2 September 2009.
  3. ↑ Stumble in the jungle, Adrian Searle, The Guardian, 1 November 2005. Retrieved 2 September 2009.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Louis Vauxcelles, Le Salon d'Automne, Gil Blas, 17 October 1905. Screen 5 and 6. Gallica, Bibliothèque nationale de France, ISSN 11499397
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Chilver, Ian (Ed.). Fauvism, The Oxford Dictionary of Art, Oxford University Press, 2004. Retrieved from enotes.com, 2 September 2009.
  6. ↑ Henri Rousseau: Jungles in Paris; Room 6, Tate Gallery, 3 November 2005 - 5 February 2006. Retrieved 2 September 2009.
  7. ↑ John Elderfield, The "Wild Beasts" Fauvism and Its Affinities, 1976, Museum of Modern Art, ISBN 0-87070-638-1, p.43.
  8. ↑ Smith, Roberta (2006). "Henri Rousseau: In imaginary jungles, a terrible beauty lurks". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 September 2009.
  9. ↑ "Henri Rousseau: Jungles in Paris; The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope". National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. July 16 – October 15, 2006. Retrieved 2 September 2009.