The Hunger Games (film)

The Hunger Games
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Gary Ross
Produced by	Nina Jacobson Jon Kilik
Written by	Gary Ross Suzanne Collins Billy Ray
Based on	The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins
Starring	Jennifer Lawrence Josh Hutcherson Liam Hemsworth Woody Harrelson Elizabeth Banks Lenny Kravitz Stanley Tucci Donald Sutherland Isabelle Fuhrman
Music by	James Newton Howard
Cinematography	Tom Stern
Edited by	Stephen Mirrione Juliette Welfling
Production company	Color Force
Distributed by	Lionsgate
Release dates	March 12, 2012 (2012-03-12) (Los Angeles premiere) March 23, 2012 (2012-03-23) (United States)
Running time	142 minutes^[1]^[2]
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$90 million^[3]
Box office	$691.2 million^[4]

The Hunger Games is a 2012 American science fiction adventure film directed by Gary Ross and based on the novel of the same name by Suzanne Collins. The picture is the first installment in The Hunger Games film series and was produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik, with a screenplay by Ross, Collins, and Billy Ray. The film stars Jennifer Lawrence, Josh Hutcherson, Liam Hemsworth, Woody Harrelson, Elizabeth Banks, Lenny Kravitz, Stanley Tucci, and Donald Sutherland.^[5] The story takes place in a dystopian post-apocalyptic future in the nation of Panem, where boys and girls between the ages of 12 and 18 must take part in the Hunger Games, a televised annual event in which the "tributes" are required to fight to the death until there is one remaining who will be crowned the victor. Katniss Everdeen (Lawrence) volunteers to take her younger sister's place in the games. Joined by her district's male tribute Peeta Mellark (Hutcherson), Katniss travels to the Capitol to train for the Hunger Games under the guidance of former victor Haymitch Abernathy (Harrelson).

Development of The Hunger Games began in March 2009 when Lions Gate Entertainment entered into a co-production agreement with Color Force, which had acquired the rights a few weeks earlier. Collins collaborated with Ray and Ross to write the screenplay. The screenplay expanded the character of Seneca Crane to allow several developments to be shown directly to the audience and Ross added several scenes between Crane and Coriolanus Snow. The main characters were cast between March and May 2011. Principal photography began in May 2011 and ended in September 2011, and filming took place in North Carolina. The Hunger Games was shot entirely on film as opposed to digital.

The film was released on March 21, 2012, in France^[6] and in the US on March 23, 2012,^[7] in both conventional theaters and digital IMAX theaters.^[8] Japan received it last, on September 28. When the film released, it set records for opening day ($67.3 million) and opening weekend for a non-sequel.^[9] At the time of its release, the film's opening weekend gross ($152.5 million) was the third-largest of any movie in North America.^[10] It is the first film since Avatar to remain in first place at the North American box office for four consecutive weekends.^[11] The film was a massive box-office success by grossing over $691 million worldwide against its budget of $78 million, making it the third-highest-grossing film in the United States and ninth-highest-grossing worldwide of 2012.^[4] It was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on August 18, 2012.^[12] With 7,434,058 units sold, the DVD was the best-selling DVD of 2012.^[13]

The Hunger Games received positive reviews from critics, with praise for its themes and messages, as well as Jennifer Lawrence's portrayal of Katniss, though there was criticism of the film's use of shaky cam in the action sequences. Like the novel, the film has attracted criticism for its similarities to other works, such as the Japanese novel Battle Royale and its film adaptation, and the Shirley Jackson short story "The Lottery". Collins' novel and screenplay drew on sources of inspiration such as the myth of Theseus, Roman gladiatorial games, reality television, and the desensitization of viewers to media coverage of real-life tragedy and war, not to think as just an audience member, "Because those are real people on the screen, and they’re not going away when the commercials start to roll."^[14] The song "Safe & Sound" won a Grammy Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song. For her performance, Lawrence won the Saturn Award for Best Actress, the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress in an Action Movie, the Empire Award for Best Actress and was also nominated for the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress.

A sequel, The Hunger Games: Catching Fire, was released on November 22, 2013, in the United States.

Plot

The dystopian nation of Panem consists of a wealthy, glamorous Capitol, ruled by President Snow, ruling twelve poorer districts. As punishment for a past rebellion and as a way to quell social unrest, each district must provide two "Tributes" — one boy and one girl between the ages of 12 and 18 selected by lottery (the "Reaping") — every year to compete in the televised Hunger Games; they must fight to the death in a vast arena, with the sole survivor rewarded with fame and wealth.

In District 12, Katniss Everdeen volunteers when her younger sister Primrose is initially chosen by lot. She and the male Tribute, Peeta Mellark, are escorted to the Capitol by chaperone Effie Trinket and their mentor Haymitch Abernathy, a past District 12 victor and alcoholic. Haymitch impresses on them the importance of gaining sponsors, as they can provide gifts of food and supplies during the Games. During part of a series of televised interviews, Peeta publicly expresses his love for Katniss, which she initially takes as an attempt to earn sponsor favor, but later learns his love is genuine. While training, Katniss observes the Career Tributes Marvel, Glimmer, Cato, and Clove, from Districts 1 and 2, who have been training for the Games since a young age.

At the start of the games, Katniss briefly considers making a run for a bow (her favorite weapon) during the opening Bloodbath. Instead, she avoids much of the violence and takes a bag with supplies from the ground around the Cornucopia, the structure where the contestants start, and narrowly avoids being killed (but gains a knife in the process); nearly half the Tributes are killed in the initial melee. Katniss tries to stay as far away from the other competitors as possible, but Crane triggers a forest fire to drive her back towards the others. She runs into the Careers, with whom Peeta has allied, and flees up a tree.

She notices Rue, District 11's young female Tribute, hiding in an adjacent tree. Rue silently draws her attention to a nest of poisonous tracker jackers. Katniss drops it onto the Careers, killing Glimmer (and taking Glimmer's bow and arrows) and forcing the others to flee, though she is stung as well and becomes disoriented from the venom. Peeta yells at her to run away. Rue helps Katniss recover from the poison; they become friends. Katniss devises a plan to destroy the cache of supplies that the Careers have been hoarding. Marvel finds them and kills Rue before Katniss can shoot Marvel with her bow. Katniss comforts Rue; after the girl dies, the grieving Katniss places flowers around her body. The people of District 11 watch and then riot against the existing order, leading President Snow to warn Crane that these Games are not turning out well.

Haymitch suggests that Crane change the rules to allow two winners if they are from the same district, suggesting that this will quiet the unrest. When this change is announced, Katniss searches for Peeta, finding him wounded after fleeing from the Careers. After she moves him to safety, they hear an announcement that what each survivor needs the most will be provided at the Cornucopia. Despite Peeta's strong opposition, Katniss leaves to get medicine for him. Clove attacks and pins her down; she then boasts about her part in Rue's death. Katniss is saved when Thresh, District 11's male tribute, kills Clove. He spares Katniss's life - once - for Rue's sake. Katniss returns with the medicine and heals Peeta. Thresh is killed by wild beasts unleashed by Crane. Katniss and Peeta race to the roof of the Cornucopia, just ahead of the animals. There they find Cato. After a desperate struggle, Peeta manages to throw Cato to the ground, where the beasts attack. Katniss ends his agony with her bow.

Katniss and Peeta think they have won, but Crane cancels the rule change: there can be only one victor. Katniss then convinces Peeta to eat poisonous Nightlock with her. Just before they do, they are hastily named co-winners of the 74th Hunger Games.

Afterward, Haymitch warns Katniss that she has made many enemies by her acts of defiance. Snow has Crane locked in a room with Nightlock. As Katniss and Peeta return to District 12, President Snow ponders his course of action.

Cast

Jennifer Lawrence portrays Katniss Everdeen, and had her hair colored dark brown for the role.^[15]

Jennifer Lawrence as Katniss Everdeen^[16]
Josh Hutcherson as Peeta Mellark^[17]
Liam Hemsworth as Gale Hawthorne^[17]
Woody Harrelson as Haymitch Abernathy^[18]
Elizabeth Banks as Effie Trinket^[19]
Lenny Kravitz as Cinna^[20]
Donald Sutherland as President Coriolanus Snow^[21]
Stanley Tucci as Caesar Flickerman^[22]
Wes Bentley as Seneca Crane^[23]
Toby Jones as Claudius Templesmith
Alexander Ludwig as Cato^[24]
Isabelle Fuhrman as Clove^[24]
Amandla Stenberg as Rue^[25]
Jack Quaid as Marvel^[26]
Leven Rambin as Glimmer^[26]
Dayo Okeniyi as Thresh
Jacqueline Emerson as Foxface
Willow Shields as Primrose Everdeen
Paula Malcomson as Mrs Everdeen

Production

In March 2009, Lions Gate Entertainment entered into a co-production agreement for The Hunger Games with Nina Jacobson's production company Color Force, which had acquired worldwide distribution rights to the novel a few weeks earlier,^[27]^[28] reportedly for $200,000.^[29] Alli Shearmur and Jim Miller, President and Senior Vice President of Motion Picture Production at Lionsgate, took charge of overseeing the production of the film, which they described as "an incredible property... a thrill to bring home to Lionsgate".^[30] The studio, which had not made a profit for five years, raided the budgets of other productions and sold assets to secure a budget of $88,000,000—one of its largest ever^[31]—for the film.^[29]^[32] Collins' agent Jason Dravis remarked that "they [Lionsgate] had everyone but the valet call us" to help secure the franchise.^[32] Lionsgate subsequently acquired tax breaks of $8 million for shooting the film in North Carolina.^[32] The production was eventually brought in under-budget at $78 million.^[33]

Collins adapted the novel for film herself,^[27] in collaboration with screenwriter Billy Ray and director Gary Ross.^[34]^[35] The screenplay remains extremely faithful to the original novel,^[36] with Ross saying he "felt the only way to make the film really successful was to be totally subjective", echoing Collins' presentation of the novel in the first person present.^[37] Instead of Katniss' internal monologue about the Capitol's machinations, the screenplay expanded the character of Seneca Crane, the Head Gamemaker, to allow several developments to be shown directly to the audience. Ross explained, "In the book, Katniss speculates about the game-makers manipulations... in the film, we can't get inside Katniss's head, but we do have the ability to cut away and actually show the machinations of the Capitol behind the scenes. I created the game center and also expanded the role of Seneca Crane for those reasons. I thought it was tonally important."^[37] Ross also added several scenes between Crane and Coriolanus Snow, the elderly President of Panem, noting that "I thought that it was very interesting that there would be one generation [of Panem citizens] who knew that [the Games] were actually an instrument of political control, and there would be a successive generation who was so enamoured with the ratings and the showbiz and the sensations and the spectacle that was subsuming the actual political intention, and that's really where the tension is".^[38]

The Gamemakers' control center, about which Katniss can only speculate in the novel, was also developed as a location, helping to remind the audience of the artificial nature of the arena. Ross commented that, "so much of the film happens in the woods that it's easy to forget this is a futuristic society, manipulating these events for the sake of an audience. The look of the control center, the antiseptic feeling of it and the use of holograms were all intended to make the arena feel 'constructed' even when you weren't seeing the control room."^[37] Ross and visual effects supervisor Sheena Duggal were keen to use the omniscient view that the setting provided to justify the literal dei ex machina Katniss experiences in the arena; Duggal explained that "we really didn't want to have to explain things... how do you get compelled by these [animals] that just appear at the end of the movie? We wanted to find a way to introduce them without having to explain specifically and exactly what they were and the game room was a really great opportunity for us to be able to do that."^[39]

Casting

Josh Hutcherson plays Peeta Mellark in the film.

Lionsgate confirmed in March 2011 that about 30 actresses auditioned or read for the role of Katniss Everdeen, including Hailee Steinfeld, Abigail Breslin, Emma Roberts, Saoirse Ronan, Chloë Grace Moretz, Jodelle Ferland, Lyndsy Fonseca, Emily Browning, Shailene Woodley, and Kaya Scodelario.^[3]^[40] On March 16, 2011, it was announced that Jennifer Lawrence had landed the coveted role.^[41] Ross described Lawrence as having "an incredible amount of self-assuredness, you got the sense that this girl knew exactly who she was. And then she came in and read for me and just knocked me out; I'd never seen an audition like that before in my life. It was one of those things where you just glimpse your whole movie in front of you."^[39]

Though Lawrence was 20 when filming began, four years older than the character,^[42] Collins said that the role demanded "a certain maturity and power" and said she would rather the actress be older than younger.^[43] She added that Lawrence was the "only one who truly captured the character I wrote in the book" and that she had "every essential quality necessary to play Katniss".^[44] Lawrence, a fan of the books, took three days to accept the role, initially intimidated by the size of the production.^[3]^[45]

Contenders for the role of Peeta other than Hutcherson included Alexander Ludwig (who was later cast as Cato), Hunter Parrish, Lucas Till, and Evan Peters.^[46] Other actors considered for the role of Gale included David Henrie, Drew Roy, and Robbie Amell.^[46] In April 2011, John C. Reilly was in talks with Lions Gate Entertainment to portray Haymitch Abernathy.^[47] The following month Lionsgate announced that the role had gone to Oscar nominee Woody Harrelson.^[18] The casting of Lenny Kravitz as Cinna, Stanley Tucci as Caesar Flickerman, and Toby Jones as Claudius Templesmith, soon followed. Multiple-Golden Globe award winner Donald Sutherland was cast as President Coriolanus Snow in late May 2011.^[48]

Filming

The scene where Katniss tracks down Peeta was filmed at Bridal Veil Falls in DuPont State Forest.

Gary Ross became director in November 2010.^[49] Fireman's Fund Insurance Company insured the production, but as part of the underwriting process insisted on a thorough risk analysis of hazards as diverse as wayward arrows, poison ivy, bears, bugs, and a chase across fast-running water.^[50]

Lawrence dyed her blonde hair dark for the part of Katniss.^[51] She also underwent extensive training to get in shape for the role, including archery, rock and tree climbing, combat, running, parkour, and yoga,^[52] and had an accident on the last day of her six-week training phase, in which she hit a wall while running at full speed, but was not seriously injured. Other stars who dyed their hair for the movie include Josh Hutcherson as Peeta, and Liam Hemsworth as Gale.^[3] Lionsgate hired archer (and Olympic bronze medalist) Khatuna Lorig to teach Lawrence how to shoot.^[50]

With an initial budget of $75 million,^[53] principal photography began near Brevard in Transylvania County in Western North Carolina in May 2011^[54] and concluded on September 15, 2011, with a final budget reported as between $90 and $100 million, reduced to $78 million after subsidies.^[3] Steven Soderbergh served as a second unit director,^[55] and filmed much of the District 11 riot scene.^[56] The movie was shot on film as opposed to digital due (in part) to the tightness of the schedule; as Ross said in an interview with The New York Times, "I didn't want to run the risk of the technical issues that often come with shooting digitally—we simply couldn't afford any delays."^[57]

Virtually all production photography took place in North Carolina, with Lionsgate receiving tax credits of around $8 million from the state government to do so. Forbes magazine estimated that the state economy gained up to $60 million from the production, with over 5,000 people employed as extras, crew and support staff.^[58] Most outdoor scenes, both from the arena and from the outskirts of District 12, were filmed in DuPont State Forest; the Little River, with its multiple waterfalls, provided several locations for shooting the river running through the arena.^[59] The production team built a walkway across the top of Triple Falls for Lawrence to run over the rapids during Katniss' pursuit by the Career tributes.^[60]

Many of the urban and interior locations, in the Capitol and elsewhere, were filmed in Shelby and Charlotte; other scenes also took place and was filmed in the Asheville area. Ross and production designer Phil Messina drew on the buildings of the 1939 New York World's Fair and symbols of political power including Tiananmen Square and Red Square, when designing the Capitol architecture, which they wanted "to be set in the future but have a sense of its own past... it's festive and alluring and indulgent and decadent but it also has to have the kind of might and power behind it".^[61]^[62] For Katniss' neighborhood in District 12, the production team found Henry River Mill Village, an abandoned mill town which Ross said "just worked perfectly for the movie to evoke the scene"; Messina explained that "originally we talked about maybe building one house and the facade of the house next door and redressing it, and maybe doing some CG extensions... we ended up finding a whole abandoned mill town... it was absolutely perfect".^[62]

For the costume design,Judianna Makovsky and her crew looked at a lot of photographs of coal mining districts from the 1950s in the search of a very American feel.^[63] The idea was to create clothing unique for every character and to differentiate strongly the people in Capitol and in districts ^[64] Grey and blue prevailed in the color palette for the district, while the people in Capitol were chosen to look bright in theatrical hats, flowers, ruffles, with powdered and eyebrowless faces.^[63]

Music

Soundtrack

Main article: The Hunger Games: Songs from District 12 and Beyond

The soundtrack album for The Hunger Games contains songs inspired by the film; only three of them ("Abraham's Daughter", "Safe & Sound", and "Kingdom Come", respectively) appear in the film itself, during the closing credits.^[65] The first single from the film's companion album, "Safe & Sound" by Taylor Swift featuring The Civil Wars, was released on December 23, 2011.^[66] It reached number one on the iTunes overall charts in 12 hours. The music video for "Safe & Sound" was released on February 13, 2012. Along with separate songs from Swift and The Civil Wars, the soundtrack also features songs by The Decemberists, Arcade Fire, The Secret Sisters, Miranda Lambert featuring The Pistol Annies,^[67] Neko Case, Kid Cudi^[67] Academy Award winner Glen Hansard,^[67] The Low Anthem,^[67] Punch Brothers,^[67] Birdy,^[67] Maroon 5, Jayme Dee,^[67] and Carolina Chocolate Drops.^[67] The soundtrack was released on March 20, 2012.^[68] The soundtrack track list was revealed on iTunes on February 13, 2012, and on the 14th "One Engine" was released as the second single. Jennifer Lawrence singing "Rue's Lullaby" was not included on the soundtrack. The album debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard Top 200 chart, having sold 175,000 copies in its first week. It was the first since Michael Jackson's This Is It to debut at #1. It is one of just 16 soundtracks to grace the top slot in the history of the Top 200.

Score

The Hunger Games: Original Motion Picture Score

Film score by James Newton Howard

Released

March 26, 2012

T-Bone Burnett

James Newton Howard chronology

Green Lantern: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

The Hunger Games: Original Motion Picture Score

The Hunger Games: Catching Fire Original Motion Picture Score

Professional ratings
Review scores
Source	Rating
Allmusic	^[69]
Film Score Reviews	^[70]

Lionsgate originally announced that Danny Elfman and T-Bone Burnett would score The Hunger Games, with Burnett also acting as the film's executive music producer to produce songs for the soundtrack.^[71] Due to scheduling conflicts, Elfman was replaced by James Newton Howard.^[72] The score album was released on March 26, 2012.^[73]

Arcade Fire also contributed to the movie's original score. The group composed the grand, fascistic-inspired, ominous Panem national anthem, entitled "Horn of Plenty", an important and signature leitmotif appearing throughout the film.^[74]^[75] "We were interested in making music that would be more integral in the movie, just as a mental exercise," Butler, who co-wrote the song with Chassagne, explained. "And there's an anthem that runs throughout the books, the national anthem of the fascist Capitol. So as a thought experiment, we tried to write what that might sound like. It's like the Capitol's idea of itself, basically."^[74]^[75] He further added that "it's not a pop song or anything. More of an anthem that could be playing at a big sporting event like the [Hunger] Games. So we did a structure for that, and then James Newton Howard made a movie-score version of it that happens in several places in the film."^[74]^[75] Arcade Fire's Panem national anthem has received strong reviews. According to Spin, "'Horn of Plenty' pulls off the neat feat of sounding both exactly like Arcade Fire and exactly like a futuristic anthem. It still has one foot in the band's uncorrupted neighborhoods, but another is up on the podium at the end of Star Wars accepting an Olympic gold medal or something. Horns blare, a choir booms, strings swell, the martial percussion steals the show, and we just realized how much we love Big Brother."^[76]

The film also featured a rather obscure analog track from the 1970s composed by Laurie Spiegel for its "cornucopia scene", as well as music by Steve Reich, Ólafur Arnalds, and the Hypnotic Brass Ensemble.^[77] These do not appear on the soundtrack or score releases.

No.	Title	Length
1.	"The Hunger Games"	1:10
2.	"Katniss Afoot"	1:49
3.	"Reaping Day"	1:35
4.	"The Train"	1:27
5.	"Entering the Capitol"	2:28
6.	"Preparing the Chariots"	1:05
7.	"Horn of Plenty"	1:59
8.	"Penthouse/Training"	3:36
9.	"Learning the Skills"	1:41
10.	"The Countdown"	1:58
11.	"Booby Trap"	2:37
12.	"Healing Katniss"	3:04
13.	"Rue's Farewell"	5:00
14.	"We Could Go Home"	1:15
15.	"Searching for Peeta"	1:27
16.	"The Cave"	3:13
17.	"Muttations"	4:45
18.	"Tenuous Winners/Returning Home"	3:25
Total length:		42:16

The album reached a peak of 71st on the Canadian Albums Chart.^[78]

Reception

Critical response

The Hunger Games received positive reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an 84% approval rating, based on 275 reviews, and a rating average of 7.2 out of 10. The site's consensus states "thrilling and superbly acted, The Hunger Games captures the dramatic violence, raw emotion, and ambitious scope of its source novel".^[79] On Metacritic, the film has a 67 out of 100 score, indicating "generally favorable reviews", based on reviews from 44 critics.^[80] Many critics praised Jennifer Lawrence for her portrayal as Katniss Everdeen, as well as most of the main cast. According to The Hollywood Reporter, Lawrence embodies Katniss, "just as one might imagine her from the novel".^[81] Empire magazine said "Lawrence is perfect as Katniss, there's very little softness about her, more a melancholy determination that good must be done even if that requires bad things."^[81] Several critics have reviewed the film favorably and compared it with other young-adult fiction adaptations such as Harry Potter and Twilight. Justin Craig of Fox News rated the film as "[e]xcellent" and stated: "Move over Harry Potter. A darker, more mature franchise has come to claim your throne."^[82] Rafer Guzman of Newsday referred to The Hunger Games as being "darker than 'Harry Potter,' more sophisticated than 'Twilight'."^[83] David Sexton of The Evening Standard stated that The Hunger Games "is well cast and pretty well acted, certainly when compared with Harry Potter's juvenile leads".^[84]

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three stars out of four, praising the movie as "effective entertainment" and Lawrence's performance. Despite being a largely positive review, he criticized the film for being too long and noted that the film misses opportunities for social criticism.^[85] Simon Reynolds of Digital Spy gave the film four stars out of five, calling it "enthralling from beginning to end, science fiction that has depth and intelligence to match its pulse-racing entertainment value". Reynolds also spoke highly of Lawrence's performance and director Gary Ross, whose "rough and ready handheld camerawork" meant that viewers were "with Katniss for every blood-flecked moment of her ordeal in the combat arena".^[86] However, film critic David Thomson of the magazine The New Republic called it a "terrible movie", criticizing it for a lack of character development and unclear presentation of the violence, describing the latter as "un-American".^[87]

Eric Goldman of IGN awarded the film four out of five stars, stating that director Gary Ross "gets the tone of The Hunger Games right. This is a grounded, thoughtful and sometimes quite emotional film, with its dark scenario given due weight. Ross doesn't give the film a glossy, romanticized 'Hollywood' feel, but rather plays everything very realistically and stark, as Katniss must endure these outrageous and horrible scenarios."^[88] The film received some criticism for its shaky camera style, but it was said to "add to the film in certain ways".^[88] The violence drew commentary as well. Time critic Mary Pols considered that the film was too violent for young children, even though the violence had been toned down compared with the novel,^[89] while critic Théoden Janes of the Charlotte Observer found that "[...] the violence is so bland it dilutes the message".^[90] Also writing in Time, psychologist Christopher J. Ferguson argued that parents' fears of the effect of the film's violent content on their children were unnecessary, and that children are capable of viewing violent content without being psychologically harmed.^[91]

On February 22, 2012, The Hunger Games broke the record for first-day advance ticket sales on Fandango, topping the previous record of Eclipse. The sales were reported to be 83 percent of the site's totals for the day.^[92] According to first tracking, unaided awareness for The Hunger Games was 11%, definite interest was 54%, first choice was 23% and total awareness was 74%.^[93] In the week leading up to its release, the film sold-out over 4,300 showings via Fandango and MovieTickets.com^[94] On Fandango alone it ranks as the third-highest advance ticket seller ever behind New Moon and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2.^[95] Finally, according to Fandango it broke the site's single-day sales record (March 23), the mobile sales record for a weekend (March 23–25, 2012) and the site's highest share of a film's opening weekend (Fandango sold 22% of the film's opening weekend tickets).^[96]

Box office

The Hunger Games earned $408,010,692 in North America, and $283,237,076 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $691,247,768.^[4] It made the largest worldwide opening weekend for a film not released during the summer or the holiday period, earning $211.8 million, which was just ahead of Alice in Wonderland's previous record ($210.1 million).^[97]

In North America, The Hunger Games is the 14th-highest-grossing film, the highest-grossing film released outside the summer or holiday period,^[98] and the highest-grossing film distributed by Lionsgate.^[99] The film set a midnight-gross record for a non-sequel ($19.7 million), which is also the tenth-highest midnight gross overall.^[100] On its opening day, it topped the box office $67.3 million (including midnight showings), setting opening-day and single-day records for a non-sequel. The film also achieved the tenth-highest opening-day and eleventh-highest single-day grosses of all time.^[101]^[102]^[103] On its opening weekend, the movie retained the No. 1 spot and grossed $152.5 million, breaking Alice in Wonderland's opening-weekend records for a film released in March, for any spring release, and for a non-sequel.^[99]^[104]^[105]^[106] Its opening weekend gross is also the largest for any film released outside the summer season and the eighth-largest overall.^[107] It remained in first place at the North American box office for four consecutive weekends, becoming the first film since Avatar to achieve this.^[11]^[108]^[109] On June 10, 2012 (its 80th day in theaters), it became the 14th movie to pass the $400-million-mark.^[110] On April 20, 2012, Lionsgate and IMAX Corporation announced that due to "overwhelming demand", The Hunger Games would return to North American IMAX cinemas on April 27 for a further one-week engagement.^[111]

Outside North America, the film was released in most countries during March and April 2012,^[112] with the exception of China, where it was released in June 2012.^[113] On its first weekend (March 23–25, 2012), the film topped the box office outside North America with $59.25 million from 67 markets, finishing at first place in most of them.^[114] The largest opening weekends were recorded in China ($9.6 million),^[113] Australia ($9.48 million), and the UK, Ireland and Malta ($7.78 million).^[112]^[115] In total earnings, its highest-grossing markets after North America are the UK ($37.3 million), Australia ($31.1 million) and China ($27.0 million).^[112]

Themes

Interpretations of the film's themes and messages have been widely discussed among critics and general commentators. In his review for The Washington Times, Peter Suderman expressed that "[m]aybe it's a liberal story about inequality and the class divide. Maybe it's a libertarian epic about the evils of authoritarian government. Maybe it's a feminist revision on the sci-fi action blockbuster. Maybe it's a bloody satire of reality television", but concludes the film only proposes these theories and brings none of them to a reasonable conclusion.^[116]

Reviewers and critics have differing views on whether the film represents feminist issues. Historically, among the "top 200 worldwide box-office hits ever ($350 million and up), not one has been built around a female action star".^[117] Manohla Dargis sees Katniss Everdeen as a female hero following in the lineage of "archetypal figures in the literature of the American West" such as Natty Bumppo, as well as characters portrayed by American actors such as John Wayne and Clint Eastwood.^[118] Katniss is also seen as defying normative gender roles: she exhibits both "masculine" and "feminine" traits equally.^[118] Dargis also notes that Katniss is a female character with significant agency: "Katniss is a fantasy figure, but partly what makes her powerful—and, I suspect, what makes her so important to a lot of girls and women—is that she's one of the truest feeling, most complex female characters to hit American movies in a while. She isn't passive, she isn't weak, and she isn't some random girl. She's active, she's strong and she's the girl who motivates the story."^[118] Similarly, Shelley Bridgeman of The New Zealand Herald wrote that because the characteristics of "athleticism, strength, courageousness and prowess at hunting" are not given to a male protagonist, but to Katniss, her character is an abrupt departure from the stereotypical depiction of women as being innately passive or helpless.^[119] Mahvesh Murad of The Express Tribune said that the film's triumph is "a young female protagonist with agency", comparing her with Joss Whedon's Buffy Summers.^[120]

The film has drawn varying interpretations for its political overtones, including arguments in favor of left-wing, right-wing, and libertarian viewpoints. Bob Burnett of The Huffington Post observed the film displays a general distrust of government, regardless of the audience's political party affiliation.^[121] Steven Zeitchik and Emily Rome, in the Dallas Morning News, also stated that some viewers formed an opinion about The Hunger Games as a parable of the Occupy Wall Street activity.^[122] The Huffington Post reported that Penn Badgley, a supporter of Occupy Wall Street, saw the film as a social commentary on the movement.^[123] Burnett also states that "Collins doesn't use the terms 1 percent and 99 percent, but it's clear that those in the Capitol are members of the 1 percent and everyone in the Panem districts is part of the 99 percent".^[121]

Steven Zeitchik and Emily Rome, in the Los Angeles Times and the Dallas Morning News reported that, among other disparate interpretations, some viewers saw The Hunger Games as a Christian allegory.^[124]^[125] Jeffrey Weiss of Real Clear Religion, published in the Star Tribune has remarked on what he saw as the intentional absence of religion in The Hunger Games universe, and has commented that while the stories contain no actual religion, people are "find[ing] aspects that represent their own religious values" within it.^[126]

Donald Brake from The Washington Times, as well as pastors Andy Langford and Ann G. L. Duncan, wrote that the film has Christian themes, such as that of self-sacrifice, which is found in Katniss' substitution for her younger sister, analogous to the sacrifice of Jesus as a substitute for the atonement of sins.^[127] Brake, as well as another reviewer, Amy Simpson, both find that the film also revolves around the theme of hope, which is exemplified in the "incorruptible goodness of Katniss' sister, Primrose".^[128] She also describes that Peeta Mellark is "a Christ figure" in the film.^[129] Similar to the events in the passion, death, and resurrection of Jesus, in the Games, Peeta is stabbed and left for dead after saving Katniss' life—taking the wound that was initially meant for her—and is then buried in the ground and placed in a cave for three days before emerging with a new lease on life.^[130] Moreover, the Christian image of the Bread of Life is used throughout The Hunger Games; in the film, Peeta shows up "bearing a warm loaf of bread", and Katniss slowly comes "back to life".^[131] A news video starring Jonathan Morris aired on Fox News discussed the religious themes in the film further.^[132] One reviewer, Fr. Robert Barron, interpreted the film as "disturbingly prophetic" that "the instinct for human sacrifice is never far from the surface...as we in the West enter increasingly into a secular, post-Christian cultural space."^[133]^[134] In addition, many pastors have written Bible studies discussing the Christian allegories in the film.^[135]^[136]

Precedents in film and literature

Charles McGrath, writing for The New York Times, said that the film will remind viewers of the television series Survivor, a little of The Bachelorette, and of the short story "The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson published in 1948 by The New Yorker.^[137] David Sexton of The Evening Standard compared The Hunger Games unfavourably to Kinji Fukasaku's Japanese film Battle Royale, as did several other critics;^[84]^[138]^[139]^[140] the novel had earlier faced criticism for its similarities to the novel Battle Royale by Koushun Takami.^[141] Jonathan Looms of The Oxford Student argues that it is "unfair that the film is only drawing comparisons with Battle Royale" but that it "is a veritable pastiche of other movies" as well, comparing it to The Truman Show, Death Race, the Bourne films, and Zoolander, and that it is common for artists to borrow from and "improve on many sources. Quentin Tarantino has built his career on this principle."^[142] It reminded an author at Salon of the 1932 film The Most Dangerous Game.^[143]

Wheeler Winston Dixon, a film professor at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, listed several precedents: Battle Royale, Jackson's "The Lottery", William Golding's Lord of the Flies, Metropolis, Blade Runner, Death Race 2000, and George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four.^[144] Manohla Dargis in The New York Times compares it to Battle Royale, Ender's Game, and Twilight, but contrasts The Hunger Games in terms of how its "exciting" female protagonist Katniss "rescues herself with resourcefulness, guts and true aim".^[145] Steve Rose of The Guardian refers to the film as "think Battle Royale meets The Running Man meets Survivor".^[146] Writing in The Atlantic, Govindini Murty made a list of touchstones the film alludes to, from the ancient Greek, Roman and Egyptian civilizations to modern references such as the Great Depression, the Vietnam and Iraq Wars, and reality television.^[147] For her part, author Collins cites the myth of Theseus, reality television and coverage of the Iraq War as her inspiration.^[148]^[149]^[150]

Controversies

During the film's opening weekend, controversial statements about various members of the cast arose, sparking open dialogue about issues of racism, sexism and unrealistic body image. Comparisons were also made between The Hunger Games premise of children's killing each other, and the child soldiers of the Lord's Resistance Army led by Joseph Kony.^[151]^[152]^[153] In a Jezebel article published March 26, 2012, Dodai Stewart reported that several users on Twitter posted racist tweets, criticizing the portrayals of Rue, Thresh and Cinna by African American actors.^[154]^[155] In a 2011 interview with Entertainment Weekly, Collins stated that while she did not have any ethnic background in mind for lead characters Katniss and Gale because the book is written in "a time period where hundreds of years have passed" and there would be "a lot of ethnic mixing", she explains "there are some characters in the book who are more specifically described", and states that both Rue and Thresh are African American.^[156] Lyneka Little of The Wall Street Journal states that although it is easy to find bigoted or offensive postings online, "the racist 'Hunger Games' tweets, because they are so shockingly ignorant even by the standards of the fringes of the internet, have kicked up a storm".^[157]

Fahima Haque of The Washington Post, Bim Adewunmi of The Guardian, and Christopher Rosen of The Huffington Post all reiterate the fact that Rue and Thresh are described in The Hunger Games as having dark brown skin, as well as Collins's assertion that they were intended to be depicted as African Americans.^[154]^[158]^[159] Adewunmi remarked that "it comes to this: if the casting of Rue, Thresh and Cinna has left you bewildered and upset, consider two things. One: you may be a racist—congrats! Two: you definitely lack basic reading comprehension. Mazel tov!"^[159] Erik Kain of Forbes saw the controversy as a way to appreciate the value of free speech. He states that while society may never be free of racism, "racist comments made on Facebook and Twitter quickly become public record. Aggregations of these comments, like the Jezebel piece, expose people for what they are. Sure, many hide under the cloak of anonymity, but many others cannot or choose not to. And as the internet becomes more civilized and its denizens more accountable, this sort of thing carries more and more weight."^[155] Amandla Stenberg responded to the controversy with the following statement: "As a fan of the books, I feel fortunate to be part of The Hunger Games family... It was an amazing experience; I am proud of the film and my performance. I want to thank all of my fans and the entire Hunger Games community for their support and loyalty."^[160] Dayo Okeniyi was quoted saying "I think this is a lesson for people to think before they tweet" and "It's sad... We could now see where society is today. But I try not to think about stuff like that."^[161]

A number of critics expressed disappointment in Lawrence's casting as Katniss because her weight was not representative of a character who has suffered a life of starvation. Manohla Dargis, in her review of the film for The New York Times stated "[a] few years ago Ms. Lawrence might have looked hungry enough to play Katniss, but now, at 21, her seductive, womanly figure makes a bad fit for a dystopian fantasy about a people starved into submission".^[162] Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter said that in certain scenes, Lawrence displays "lingering baby fat".^[163] These remarks have been rebuked by a number of journalists for pushing unrealistic body image expectations for women.^[164]

L.V. Anderson of Slate states that "[j]ust as living in a world with abundant calories does not automatically make everyone fat, living in a dystopian world like Panem with sporadic food access would not automatically make everyone skinny. Some bodies, I daresay, would be even bigger than Lawrence's."^[165] Since none of Lawrence's male co-stars have come under the same scrutiny, Anderson concludes complaints about Lawrence's weight are inherently sexist.^[165] MTV asked for responses from audiences on the controversy and reported that most found criticism of Lawrence's weight "misguided".^[166] One response pointed to Collins's physical description of Katniss in The Hunger Games novel which reads: "I stand straight, and while I'm thin, I'm strong. The meat and plants from the woods combined with the exertion it took to get them have given me a healthier body than most of those I see around me."^[167] Los Angeles Times writer Alexandra Le Tellier commented that "[t]he sexist commentary along with the racist barbs made by so-called fans are as stomach-churning as the film's cultural commentary, which, in part, shines a light on the court of public opinion and its sometimes destructive power to determine someone else's fate".^[168]

The film has been rated 12A by the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) in the UK for "intense threat, moderate violence and occasional gory moments".^[2] To achieve that rating, Lionsgate had to cut or substitute seven seconds of film by "digitally removing blood splashes and the sight of blood on wounds and weapons."^[169] The uncut version was ultimately released on Blu-ray in the UK with a 15 certificate.^[170] In the United States, the film was granted a PG-13 rating from the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA)^[171] for "intense violent thematic material and disturbing images—all involving teens"; as Collins had originally anticipated.^[172]

Screening of The Hunger Games was delayed indefinitely in Vietnam.^[173] The film was to be released on March 30, 2012, but, according to a member of the Vietnamese National Film Board, the Board considers the film to be too violent and unanimously voted for the indefinite delay. It was later banned.^[174]

Accolades

Main article: List of accolades received by The Hunger Games (film)

Home media

The film was released in North America and the Netherlands on DVD and Blu-ray Disc August 18, 2012, and in the rest of Europe on September 3, 2012. Extras include 'The World is Watching: The Making of The Hunger Games', numerous featurettes, the propaganda video in its entire form, a talk with the director Gary Ross and also Elvis Mitchell and a marketing archive.

In its first weekend on sale, Lionsgate reported that 3.8 million DVD/Blu-ray Disc copies of the movie were sold, with more than one-third in the Blu-ray Disc format.^[175] Three weeks after the release of the movie to home media formats in the US, over 5 million DVD units and 3.7 million Blu-ray Disc units have been sold.^[176]^[177] With 10,336,637 it became the top-selling videos of 2012.^[178]

Sequels

Main articles: The Hunger Games: Catching Fire, The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1 and The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2

On August 8, 2011, while still shooting the film, Lionsgate announced that a film adaptation of the second novel in The Hunger Games trilogy, The Hunger Games: Catching Fire, was scheduled to be released on November 22, 2013.^[179] In November 2011, Lionsgate entered negotiations with screenwriter Simon Beaufoy to adapt the novel for screen, since the post-production schedule for The Hunger Games was too crowded for Ross and Collins to adapt the next film as originally planned.^[180] The Hunger Games: Catching Fire began production in the summer of 2012.^[181] Gary Ross will not return for Catching Fire, and instead Francis Lawrence will direct.^[182]^[183]^[184]^[185] On May 6, 2012, it was reported that Michael Arndt was in talks to re-write the script for Catching Fire.^[186] Arndt officially signed on as the new script writer on May 24, 2012.^[187] The Hunger Games: Catching Fire began filming September 10, 2012, and concluded December 21, 2012;^[188] it premiered in London on November 11, 2013,^[189] before premiering on November 22, 2013 in the US as was originally scheduled.

In July 2012, release dates were confirmed for two films based on the last book Mockingjay. The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1 was released November 21, 2014, and The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2 will be released November 20, 2015.^[190] Lawrence, Hutcherson, Hemsworth, and Harrelson have all signed on to the whole franchise.^[3]^[191]