The Falling Man

The photograph of The Falling Man
For the Don DeLillo novel, see Falling Man (novel). For another use, see The Falling Soldier.

The Falling Man is a photograph taken by Associated Press photographer Richard Drew of a man falling from the North Tower of the World Trade Center at 9:41:15 a.m. during the September 11 attacks in New York City. The subject of the image, whose identity remains uncertain, was one of the people trapped on the upper floors of the skyscraper who either fell searching for safety or jumped to escape the fire and smoke. At least 200 people are believed to have fallen or jumped to their deaths that day while other estimates say the number is half of that or less.[1][2][3] Officials could not recover or identify the bodies of those forced out of the buildings prior to the collapse of the towers. All deaths in the attacks except those of the hijackers were ruled to be homicides due to blunt trauma (as opposed to suicides).[4] The New York City medical examiner's office said it does not classify the people who fell to their deaths on September 11 as "jumpers": "A 'jumper' is somebody who goes to the office in the morning knowing that they will commit suicide. These people were forced out by the smoke and flames or blown out."[3]

The photograph gives the impression that the man is falling straight down; however, a series of photographs taken of his fall showed him to be tumbling through the air.[5]

The photographer has noted that, in at least two cases, newspaper stories commenting on the image have attracted a barrage of criticism from readers who found the image "disturbing".[6] Regarding the social and cultural significance of the Falling Man, the theologian Mark D. Thompson of Moore Theological College said that "perhaps the most powerful image of despair at the beginning of the twenty-first century is not found in art, or literature, or even popular music. It is found in a single photograph."[7]

Publication history

The photograph initially appeared in newspapers around the world, including on page 7 of The New York Times on September 12, 2001. The photo's caption read "A person falls headfirst after jumping from the north tower of the World Trade Center. It was a horrific sight that was repeated in the moments after the planes struck the towers."[8] It appeared only once in the Times because of criticism and anger against its use.[9] Six years later, it appeared on page 1 of the New York Times Book Review on May 27, 2007.[10]

"The Falling Man" is the title of an article about the photograph by Tom Junod that was published in the September 2003 issue of Esquire magazine. The article was adapted as a documentary film by the same name. The article and film reveal the "Falling Man" may have been Jonathan Briley, who worked on the 106th floor of the north tower of the World Trade Center. If the falling man was indeed Jonathan Briley, he may have fallen accidentally from the restaurant on that floor while searching for fresh air and safety, or decided to jump. He was an asthmatic and would have known he was in danger when smoke began to pour into the restaurant.[11]

Identification

I hope we're not trying to figure out who he is and more figure out who we are through watching that.

Gwendolyn, 9/11: The Falling Man

The identity of the subject of the Falling Man has never been officially confirmed. The fact that so many people were trapped in the tower has made identifying the man in the 12 photos difficult. It is thought that at least 200 people fell to their deaths, though the actual number is not certain.[3]

The Globe and Mail reporter Peter Cheney suggested the man may have been Norberto Hernandez, based on his research, but, when Hernandez' family closely examined the entire photo sequence, they did not feel that it was him.[12]

Michael Lomonaco, the chef at Windows on the World, suggested that the man was Jonathan Briley, a 43-year-old employee of the North Tower restaurant.[13] Briley was initially identified by his brother, Timothy.[11] Lomonaco was able to identify Briley by his clothes and his body type. In one of the pictures, the Falling Man's shirt or white jacket was blown open and up, revealing an orange tee shirt similar to the shirt that Briley wore often. His older sister, Gwendolyn, originally helped in identifying the Falling Man. She told reporters of The Sunday Mirror, "When I first looked at the picture ... and I saw it was a man—tall, slim—I said, 'If I didn't know any better, that could be Jonathan.'"[14] Briley, a resident of Mount Vernon, New York, was a sound engineer, and his brother Alex is an original member of the 1970s disco group Village People.

Other uses

9/11: The Falling Man is a 2006 documentary film about the picture and the story behind it. It was made by American filmmaker Henry Singer and filmed by Richard Numeroff, a New York-based director of photography. The film is loosely based on Junod's Esquire story. It also drew its material from photographer Lyle Owerko's pictures of falling people. It debuted on March 16, 2006, on the British television network Channel 4. It later made its North American premiere on Canada's CBC Newsworld on September 6, 2006, and has been broadcast in over 30 countries. The U.S. premiere was September 10, 2007, on the Discovery Times Channel.

The novel Falling Man, by Don DeLillo, is about the September 11 attacks. The Falling Man in the novel is a performance artist recreating the events of the photograph.[15] DeLillo says he was unfamiliar with the title of the picture when he named his book. The artist straps himself into a harness and jumps from an elevated structure in a high visibility area (such as a highway overpass), hanging in the pose of the Falling Man.

See also

Impending Death

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Flynn, Kevin; Dwyer, Jim (September 10, 2004). "Falling Bodies, a 9/11 Image Etched in Pain". The New York Times.
  2. ↑ Whitworth, Melissa (September 3, 2011). "9/11: 'Jumpers' from the World Trade Center still provoke impassioned debate". London: Telegraph. Retrieved 2013-12-13.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Cauchon, Dennis. "Desperation forced a horrific decision". USA Today.
  4. ↑ Leonard, Tom (September 9, 2011). "The 9/11 victims America wants to forget: The 200 jumpers who flung themselves from the Twin Towers who have been 'airbrushed from history'". London: Daily Mail. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
  5. ↑ Pompeo, Joe (2011-08-29). "Photographer behind 9/11 "Falling Man" retraces steps, recalls "unknown soldier"". Yahoo! News. Retrieved 2011-08-31.
  6. ↑ Howe, Peter (2001). "Richard Drew". The Digital Journalist, January 2010
  7. ↑ Brian Rosner, ed. (2008). "Luther on Despair". The Consolations of Theology. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-8028-6040-8.
  8. ↑ Mills (2009). "Images of Terror". Dissent: 75–80.
  9. ↑ Susie Linfield (August 27, 2011). "The Encyclopedia of 9/11: Jumpers: Why the most haunting images of 2001 were hardly ever seen.". New York.
  10. ↑ Boutin, Maurice (2009). "The Current State of the Individual: A Meditation on "The Falling Man"". In Arvin Sharma. The World's Religions after September 11. pp. 3–9. ISBN 0-275-99621-2.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Junod, Tom (2003). Esquire Magazine, ed. "The Falling Man".
  12. ↑ Cheney, Peter (2001-09-22). "The life and death of Norberto Hernandez". "The Globe and Mail". Retrieved 2015-02-19.
  13. ↑ "Jonathan Briley". September 11: A Memorial (CNN). Retrieved July 7, 2014.
  14. ↑ "9/11: The image of The Falling Man that still haunts 10 years on". Retrieved 2013-05-03.
  15. ↑ Versluys, Kristiaan. "9/11 in the Novel". In Matthew J. Morgan. The Impact of 9/11 on the Media, Arts, and Entertainment: The Day that Changed Everything? 4. Palgrave Macmillian. pp. 142–143. ISBN 978-0-230-60841-2.

Sources

External links