The Adventures of Alix

The Adventures of Alix
The cover of the first book
Publication information
Publisher	Tintin magazine, Lombard, Casterman
Genre
Publication date	1948–
Main character(s)	Alix Enak
Creative team
Writer(s)	Jacques Martin, François Maingoval, Patrick Weber
Artist(s)	Jacques Martin, Rafael Moralès, Marc Henniquiau, Cédric Hervan, Christophe Simon, Ferry
Creator(s)	Jacques Martin

Alix, or The Adventures of Alix, is a popular Franco-Belgian comics series drawn in the ligne claire style by one of its masters, Jacques Martin (1921-2010). The stories revolve around a young Gallo-Roman man named Alix in the late Roman Republic. Although the series is renowned for its historical accuracy and stunning set detail, the hero has been known to wander into anachronistic situations up to two centuries out of his era. The stories unfold throughout the reaches of the Roman world, including the city of Rome, Gaul, the German frontier, Mesopotamia, Africa and Asia Minor. One voyage goes as far as China.

Characters and story

Alix is stunning, fearless, generous and devoted to just causes. Born in Gaul, separated from his parents and sold into slavery, he is later adopted by a Roman noble contemporary to Julius Caesar. This mixed background provides Alix with an identity crisis and divided loyalties, especially in the context of the founding myths of French nationalism revolving around Vercingetorix.

In the second adventure Alix is joined by Enak, a slightly younger Egyptian orphan, who remains his constant companion and sounding board. Originally forbidden to have a female companion by the 1949 law governing children's literature, Alix later finds himself entangled with amorous women, but he always hesitates to commit. The pursuit of social justice provides a pretext for moving on.

The authors

Jacques Martin created the Alix series as one of his earliest heroes, and he continued solo conception, plot, dialogue and illustration for 50 years, even while developing other series such as Lefranc. Due to failing eyesight and advancing age, since 1998 Martin gradually retired from the series, turning over tasks to various assistants. Rafael Morales became his first assistant, taking charge of the final illustrations with some assistance by Marc Henniquiau, while Martin continued writing the stories and performing the first sketches and layouts.^[1] In 2006, Martin turned over the final writing task to François Maingoval, while still conceiving the main storyline in rough draft form. In 2008, Maingoval shifted his attention to a spin-off series (see Alix raconte below), while Patrick Weber assumed the mantle of writing the main Alix series.

Characters

• Alix: the hero of the series in the title role, pure of heart, perpetually 25 and wise for his years.
• Enak: a boy of fourteen, who meets Alix in Le sphinx d'or. Not originally intended as a principal character, he becomes Alix's constant and faithful companion.
• Arbacès: sworn enemy of the heroes, this crafty and cruel Greek keeps turning up in their path.
• Julius Caesar: friend and protector of Alix, the latter nevertheless finds himself sometimes torn between just causes and the interests of the great man.
• Pompey: Caesar's rival, he repeatedly seeks to eliminate Alix, obviously without succeeding to end the series.
• Vanik: cousin of Alix.
• Astorix: Gallic chieftain, and father of Alix, not to be confused with Asterix, who was created over a decade later.
• Honorus Galla: Roman governor, friend and loyal lieutenant of Julius Caesar, who adopted Alix as his son.

Alix titles

The series first appeared as a serial in the Franco-Belgian comics magazine Tintin on 16 September 1948.^[2] Three more adventures appeared before Les Editions du Lombard (the publishing house responsible for Tintin magazine) began reissuing them in hardcover book form. Lapsing in 1959, Lombard turned over rights to Casterman (publisher of The Adventures of Tintin) in 1965. After going out of print for several years, the earlier Lombard volumes were also reintroduced to new readers in 1969–1973. As Tintin magazine declined in sales and popularity, L'enfant grec (1979) was the last Alix story to appear in its pages. Thereafter Alix was only published in book form.

The Adventures of Alix by Jacques Martin as sole creator

Title	Tintin	Lombard	Casterman
1. Alix l'intrépide	1948–1949	1956	1973
2. Le sphinx d'or	1949–1950	1956	1971
3. L'île maudite	1951–1952	1957	1969
4. La tiare d'Oribal	1955–1956	1958	1969
5. La griffe noire	1958–1959	1959	1965
6. Les légions perdues	1962–1963		1965
7. Le dernier Spartiate	1966–1967		1967
8. Le tombeau étrusque	1967–1968		1968
9. Le dieu sauvage	1969		1970
10. Iorix le grand	1971–1972		1972
11. Le prince du Nil	1973		1974
12. Le fils de Spartacus	1974		1975
13. Le spectre de Carthage	1976		1977
14. Les proies du volcan	1977		1978
15. L'enfant grec	1979		1980
16. La tour de Babel			1981
17. L'empereur de Chine			1983
18. Vercingétorix			1985
19. Le cheval de Troie			1988
20. Ô Alexandrie			1996

The adventures of Alix by Jacques Martin with collaborators

Title	Date	Creation	Text	Illustration
21. Les barbares	1998	Jacques Martin	Jacques Martin	Rafael Moralès Marc Henniquiau
22. La chute d'Icare	2001	Jacques Martin	Jacques Martin	Rafael Moralès Marc Henniquiau
23. Le fleuve de jade	2003	Jacques Martin	Jacques Martin	Rafael Moralès Marc Henniquiau
24. Roma, Roma...	2005	Jacques Martin	Jacques Martin	Rafael Moralès Marc Henniquiau
25. C'était à Khorsabad	2006	Jacques Martin	François Maingoval	Cédric Hervan Christophe Simon
26. L'Ibère	2007	Jacques Martin	François Maingoval Patrick Weber	Christophe Simon
27. Le démon de Pharos	2008	Jacques Martin	Patrick Weber	Christophe Simon
28. La Cité engloutie	2009	Jacques Martin	Patrick Weber	Ferry

The adventures of Alix without Jacques Martin

Title	Date	Creation	Text	Illustration
29. Le testament de César	2010	Jacques Martin	Marco Venanzi	Marco Venanzi
30. La Conjuration de Baal	2011	Jacques Martin	Michel Lafon	Christophe Simon
31. L'Ombre de Sarapis	2012	Jacques Martin	François Corteggiani	Marco Venanzi

Alix in English

Alix has seen little translation into English. In 1971 the London publisher Ward Lock & Co issued two titles, The Sacred Helmet (La tiare d'Oribal), and The Black Claw (La griffe noire). These books are now considered relatively rare. Two more titles, The Lost Legions (Les légions perdues), and The Altar of Fire (Le dernier Spartiate) were also projected for publication that year, but never appeared. A reviewer for the Times Literary Supplement found Alix singularly lacking in humour compared to Asterix, effectively killing prospects for continued publication in a market not yet accustomed to the wider Franco-Belgian tradition.^[3]

Alix in other languages

The strip has been translated into several other European languages, such as Portuguese, German, Dutch, Spanish, Greek (10 books) Finnish, Danish, Swedish, Italian (3 books), English (only 2 books), Icelandic (6 books), Catalan. It was also translated into other languages such as Indonesian (4 books), Vietnamese (1 book) and Chinese (non official version - 2 books). Le fils de Spartacus has been published in Latin as Spartaci Filius. The name of Alix in Dutch language is Alex. (source)

Les Voyages d'Alix

This series depicts the culture and geography of antiquity with illustrations inspired by the adventures of Alix. Printed in full colour on higher quality stock than the comics series, these books aim to educate in a style identical to Jacques Martin's. Alix and Enak can frequently be seen in various settings. At least some of these books have been available in English, for example "Egypt (1)", though they may now be out of print.

• Rome 1 (illustrated by Gilles Chaillet) (1996)
• L'Égypte 1 (illustrated by Rafael Moralès) (1996)
• La marine antique 1 (illustrated by Marc Henniquiau) (1997)
• La Grèce 1 (illustrated by Pierre de Broche) (1997)
• La Grèce 2 (illustrated by Pierre de Broche) (1998)
• Rome 2 (illustrated by Gilles Chaillet) (1999)
• La marine antique 2 (illustrated by Marc Henniquiau) (1999)
• Le costume antique 1 (illustrated by Jacques Denoël) (1999)
• L'Égypte 2 (illustrated by Rafael Moralès) (2000)
• Le costume antique 2 (illustrated by Jacques Denoël) (2000)
• Carthage (illustrated by Vincent Hénin) (2000)
• Athènes (illustrated by Laurent Bouhy) (2001)
• Le costume antique 3 (illustrated by Jacques Denoël) (2002)
• Jérusalem (illustrated by Vincent Hénin) (2002)
• Pompéi 1 (illustrated by Marc Henniquiau) (2002)
• Persépolis (illustrated by Cédric Hevan) (2003)
• Pétra (illustrated by Vincent Hénin) (2003)
• Les Mayas (illustrated by Jean Torton) (2004)
• Les Étrusques (illustrated by Jean Torton) (2004)
• Les Jeux Olympiques (illustrated by Cédric Hervan and Yves Plateau) (2004)
• Les Mayas 2 (illustrated by Jean Torton) (2005)
• Les Aztèques (illustrated by Jean Torton) (2005)
• Lutèce (illustrated by Vincent Hénin) (2006)
• Les Vikings (illustrated by Eric Lenaerts) (2006)
• Les Incas (illustrated by Jean Torton) (2006)
• Les Étrusques 2 (illustrated by Jacques Denoël) (2007)

Alix raconte

Each book in this series presents a somewhat fictionalized biography of a famous person of Antiquity in comic strip form. When Alix is a contemporary of the subject, he occasionally appears as a secondary character. Texts are by François Maingoval. The series is not available in English.

• Alexandre le Grand (illustrated by Jean Torton) (2008)
• Cléopâtre (illustrated by Eric Leenaerts) (2008)
• Néron (illustrated by Yves Plateau) (forthcoming, 2008)

Works not in series

• L'odyssée d'Alix, by Jacques Martin (Casterman, 1987). ISBN 2-203-34902-6

Parodies

• Alex l'Intrépide, by Dupa, in: Tintin magazine (29 Sept. 1981)
• Axile, by Roger Brunel, in: Pastiches tome 1, 1980 (Glénat)

Awards

• 1978: Angoulême Best French Realistic Work, for Le spectre de Carthage ^[4]
• 1979: Prix Saint-Michel Prize (Brussels) for the three series Alix, Lefranc and Jhen
• 1989: BD d'Or at 1st Salon Européen de la BD (Grenoble), for Le Cheval de Troie

Sources

Footnotes

External links

• Alix official site on Casterman (French)
• Alix l'Intrépide unofficial site (French)