Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana

Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana
Terrebonne Parish Courthouse
Map of Louisiana highlighting Terrebonne Parish
Location in the state of Louisiana
Map of the United States highlighting Louisiana
Louisiana's location in the U.S.
Founded March 22, 1822
Named for terre bonne, French for good earth
Seat Houma
Largest city Houma
Area
 • Total 2,080 sq mi (5,387 km2)
 • Land 1,232 sq mi (3,191 km2)
 • Water 850 sq mi (2,201 km2), 41%
Population
 • (2010) 111,860
 • Density 91/sq mi (35/km²)
Congressional district 6th
Time zone Central: UTC-6/-5
Website www.tpcg.org

Terrebonne Parish (French: Paroisse Terrebonne) is a parish located in the southern part of the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 111,860.[1] The parish seat is Houma.[2] The parish was founded in 1822.[3]

Terrebonne Parish is part of the Houma-Thibodaux, LA Metropolitan Statistical Area.

It is the second-largest parish in the state in terms of land area, and it has been a center of Cajun culture since the 18th century. More than 10% of its residents speak French at home.

Terrebonne is represented in the Louisiana House of Representatives by the Republican businessman Gordon Dove of Houma. Dove's seat was previously held by Hunt Downer, a former Speaker of the Louisiana House of Representatives.

Ray Authement, the fifth president of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, from 1974 to 2008 and the longest-serving president of a public university in the United States, was born in rural Terrebonne Parish, near Chauvin, in 1928.[4][5]

History

Houma was named after the Houma people. The native word houma means red, and the tribe's war emblem was the crawfish. Historians say the Houma were related to the Muskogean-speaking Choctaw, and migrated into the area from present-day Mississippi and Alabama. They first settled near what is now Baton Rouge. After many conflicts with other Indian tribes, and losing a war to the Tunica in 1706, to escape the encroachment of Europeans, the Houma Indians continued moving south to more remote areas in the bayous. They settled in present-day Terrebonne Parish in the mid to late eighteenth century. They established a camp known as Ouiski Bayou on the high ground northwest of what later developed as downtown Houma. They were subsequently pushed from the highlands of the north to the coastal regions of the south by the European settlements in the late 1700s and 1800s. Evidence of the Houma Tribe can still be found in this area today.

One of the most southern of all Louisiana parishes, Terrebonne Parish was established on March 22, 1822, from the southern part of Lafourche Interior, bordering on the Gulf of Mexico. Covering an area of 2100 square miles, it is the second-largest parish in the state. The early French settlers named the parish for the fertility of its soils: terre bonne means "good earth."

In 1834, Terrebonne Parish founded the city of Houma in order to establish a centrally located and more easily accessible parish seat. Prior to this, the county seat had been set at Williamsburg (now Bayou Cane), approximately 4 miles northwest of present-day downtown Houma. Government officials believed that the site of Houma, at the convergence of six bayous, would provide better access for commerce and development in Terrebonne Parish, as most transportation and shipping was by water. It was near a former settlement of the Houma Tribe of Native Americans. Williamsburg was at the junction of two: Bayou Cane and Bayou Terrebonne.

Richard H. Grinage and Hubert M. Belanger donated one arpent of frontage along Bayou Terrebonne on March 18, 1834 for the new government seat. This land became the foundation around which Houma was developed. Because of this significant donation, Grinage and Belanger are considered the "Fathers of Houma."

European settlers

Most of the settlers who came to Terrebonne migrated from the Mississippi River, down Bayou Lafourche to Bayou Terrebonne. There was an influx of French colonists from New Orleans to the bayou country in 1762 after the Spanish took over rule of the colony following the French defeat by the British in the Seven Years' War (known as the French and Indian War in North America). The district Spanish commandant granted concessions of title to not more than 630 acres of land to each newcomer to the bayou lands. While many Frenchmen came into the area prior to this, British and Spanish colonists also recorded claims.

Other settlers into the area in 1760 were French colonists from Acadia (modern Nova Scotia), who had been expelled by the British in 1755 during the Seven Years' War. They became known as "Cajuns" (Acadians). Many settled on the banks of the bayous in Terrebonne Parish. They chose this area because of its isolated geographic location, a minimum of government control, fertile land, and an abundance of fish and wildlife. These people lived in relative cultural seclusion for generations and continued their family traditions of living off the land. Today they celebrate their heritage through their festivals and church fairs.

In 1848, Houma was incorporated as a city by an act of legislature. By this time, industry in Houma consisted largely of plantations for sugar cane, the harvesting of seafood, fur trading and logging industries. The cultivation of sugar cane was the principal agricultural industry in the parish. The first plantation in the parish was established in 1828. By 1851, Terrebonne had 110 plantations with 80 sugar houses.

Southdown Plantation was founded in 1828 by the Minor family and developed for sugar cane cultivation and processing. Stephen Minor had served as the Secretary to the Spanish Governor Gayoso of Louisiana. Today, the Miinor family home built in 1858 and enlarged in 1893 serves as the parish museum. The sugar mill was sold in 1979, dismantled and shipped to Guatemala, where it was reassembled. It is still in use today.

Settlers had canals dug between the bayous to decrease travel time within the parish and make trade more efficient. In 1872, a railroad that linked Schriever to Houma became instrumental in increasing trade and travel within and outside the parish.

In 1923, the construction of the Intracoastal Waterway led to the abandonment of the canals. The Intracoastal was later extended to Lafourche Parish and to Bayou Lafourche, increasing Houma's importance as a portal city.

20th century

During World War II, Houma was selected for the establishment of a Lighter Than Air Blimp Naval Station, which operated from May 1943 to September 1944. The Navy base, which used blimp squadrons to scan the coastline for enemy vessels, was one of only two blimp stations operating on the Gulf Coast.

Terrebonne has depended on natural resources: oysters, shrimp, crabs and fish contribute their share of wealth to the parish. The oysters from Terrebonne parish have become internationally known as the finest in the world. In the great stretches of marshland surrounding Terrebonne parish, trapping of Louisiana muskrat, mink, otter, raccoon, and nutria pelts are another form of local commerce.

Development of oil and gas resources in the parish began in 1929, bringing a period of economic development and prosperity unparalleled anywhere in the state. The industry grew into enormous dimensions with the discovery of offshore oil. Terrebonne became the gateway to the heaviest concentration of offshore oil service companies in the state. By 1960, with the combination of rich oil production backed by Houma's productive waters, fertile soil, and natural mineral resources, Houma became one of the fastest-growing cities in America. In 1961, the Houma Navigational Canal was completed to provide a 30-mile link to Terrebonne Bay and the Gulf of Mexico.

By the late 1970s, Houma's main focus was the oil industry. Those companies not related to oil and gas depended on this industry for their survival. When the bottom fell out of the oil industry in the early 1980s because of cheaper foreign product and dwindling local resources, Houma fell with it. For nearly two years, the Houma-Terrebonne area experienced an unemployment rate near 25%.

The Houma community has worked to diversify the parish economy. While the oil industry is still the primary source of revenue for the Houma-Terrebonne area, alternative industries are emerging. Terrebonne parish accounts for over 20% of Louisiana's seafood production. In addition, the medical industry is growing in the area. Tourism, too, is a popular source of commerce in and around Houma. The addition of Houma's new Civic Center promises to attract more entertainment and convention revenue to the city.

The draw of authentic Acadian culture, diverse environment and wildlife, plantation homes, excellent food, and close proximity to New Orleans, Baton Rouge and Lafayette attracts visitors to its central location.

The parish has been run by the Terrebonne Parish Consolidated Government since it absorbed the powers of the City of Houma. The parish is led by President Michel Claudet, elected in 2007.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the parish has a total area of 2,082 square miles (5,390 km2), of which 1,232 square miles (3,190 km2) is land and 850 square miles (2,200 km2) (41%) is water.[6] It is the fifth-largest parish in Louisiana by land area and third-largest by total area. The Gulf of Mexico is located to the south of the parish.

Major highways

Adjacent parishes

National protected area

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18302,121—
18404,410107.9%
18507,72475.1%
186012,09156.5%
187012,4513.0%
188017,95744.2%
189020,16712.3%
190024,46421.3%
191028,32015.8%
192026,974−4.8%
193029,81610.5%
194035,88020.3%
195043,32820.8%
196060,77140.3%
197076,04925.1%
198094,39324.1%
199096,9822.7%
2000104,5037.8%
2010111,8607.0%
Est. 2013112,7490.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[7]
1790-1960[8] 1900-1990[9]
1990-2000[10] 2010-2013[1]

As of the census of 2008, there were 108,576 people, 35,997 households, and 27,393 families residing in the parish. The population density was 83 people per square mile (32/km²). There were 39,928 housing units at an average density of 32 per square mile (12/km²). The racial makeup of the parish was 74.07% White, 17.79% Black or African American, 5.29% Native American, 0.81% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.54% from other races, and 1.48% from two or more races. 1.56% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 10.66% reported speaking French or Louisiana French at home, while 1.5% speak Spanish.

There were 35,997 households out of which 39.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.00% were married couples living together, 14.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.90% were non-families. 19.30% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the average family size was 3.29.

In the parish the population was spread out with 29.20% under the age of 18, 10.10% from 18 to 24, 29.80% from 25 to 44, 21.10% from 45 to 64, and 9.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 96.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.10 males.

The median income for a household in the parish was $35,235, and the median income for a family was $39,912. Males had a median income of $34,869 versus $20,705 for females. The per capita income for the parish was $16,051. About 15.80% of families and 19.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.90% of those under age 18 and 17.60% of those age 65 or over. (Newly entered 2008 census number requires newly updated figures in above information). [5]In 2009 Terrebonne Parish has one of the lowest unemployment rates in the country.

Education

Terrebonne Parish School District operates public schools.

Media

The parish was setting of the 2005 motion picture The Skeleton Key. (The movie was not actually filmed in Houma, or Terrebonne Parish.) It has been the setting for several other movies in recent years, most notably the 2012 film Beasts of the Southern Wild which was filmed in Montegut and inspired by the plight of bayou communities such as Isle de Jean Charles.[11]

The parish is the location for the fictional Belle Reve prison, a prominent facility in the DC Comics universe.

The parish is also the setting of A&E's reality series Cajun Justice about the exploits of the Sheriff's Department.

Terrebonne Parish is the location of controversy related to its rich petroleum resources, set against the needs of a seriously endangered natural wildlife population, initiating the conspiracy that ended in the murders of two Supreme Court Justices in the movie The Pelican Brief, starring Julia Roberts and Denzel Washington, adapted from a novel of the same name written by John Grisham.

National Guard

C Company 2-156th Infantry Battalion of the 256th IBCT resides in Houma, Louisiana.

Communities

Map of Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana With Municipal Labels

Cities

Census-designated places

Unincorporated communities

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
  2. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  3. ↑ "Terrebonne Parish". Center for Cultural and Eco-Tourism. Retrieved September 5, 2014.
  4. ↑ "Newsmaker of the Year". theind.com. Retrieved June 23, 2013.
  5. ↑ "Ray Paul Authement". wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com. Retrieved June 22, 2013.
  6. ↑ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
  7. ↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
  8. ↑ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
  9. ↑ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
  10. ↑ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
  11. ↑ Rachel Arons, "A Mythical Bayou's All-Too-Real Peril: The Making of 'Beasts of the Southern Wild", New York Times June 8, 2012

External links

Coordinates: 29°20′N 90°50′W / 29.34°N 90.84°W