Tell Qaramel

Tell Qaramel
Shown within Syria
Location	Aleppo Governorate, Syria
Coordinates	36°22′41″N 37°16′30″E / 36.378°N 37.275°E / 36.378; 37.275
Type	settlement
History
Periods	Neolithic
Site notes
Excavation dates	1999—2007
Archaeologists	Ryszard F. Mazurowski

Tell Qaramel (also Tel Qaramel or Tel al-Qaramel, Arabic: تل القرامل‎) is a tell, or archaeological mound, located in the north of present-day Syria, 25 km north of Aleppo and about 65 km south of the Taurus mountains, adjacent to the river Quweiq.^[1][2][3][4]

Excavations

A survey in the late 1970s found evidence of settlement at the site from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A period through to the Hellenistic period. The later phases of occupation are closely associated with the mound of the tell itself; however, the pre-pottery Neolithic phase is associated with a wider area of about 3 hectares, extending to the south and south-west of the tell.^[5] It is this area that has been the focus of detailed investigation since 1999 by a joint Polish-Syrian team led by Prof. Ryszard F. Mazurowski of Warsaw University.

Before the excavations began, it was assumed that permanent sedentary settlements would occur only in combination with the first farming of cereals, and the first domestication and keeping of animals such as sheep and goats, marking the start of the Neolithic period, part of a transition between the proto-Neolithic and Pre-Pottery Neolithic A cultures. However the remains of the structures uncovered at Tell Qaramel appear to be older than this, giving the first evidence of permanent stone-built settlement without signs of animal domestication or organised farming.^[3][4] Particularly striking are the remains of a succession of five round, stone-built towers, each over 6 metres in diameter, with stone walls over 1.5m thick. These have been carbon-dated to between the eleventh millennium and 9650 BC. This dating makes the towers roughly two thousand years older than the stone tower found at Jericho, which was previously believed to be the oldest known tower structure in the world.^[1]

See also

• Cities of the ancient Near East

References

Further reading

• R.F. Mazurowski et al (1999–2007), Tell Qaramel: Excavations, Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 11, 285–296 (1999); 12, 327–341 (2000); 13, 295–307 (2001); 14, 315–330 (2002); 15, 355–370 (2003); 16, 497–510 (2004); 17, 483–499 (2005); 18, 571–586 (2006); 19, 565–585 (2007)
• Youssef Kanjou (2009), Study of Neolithic human graves from Tell Qaramel in Northern Syria, International Journal of Modern Anthropology, 2 25–37
• R.F. Mazurowski et al (2009), Chronology of the Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic Settlement Tell Qaramel, Northern Syria, in the Light of Radiocarbon Dating, Radiocarbon, 51(2) 771–781. (Abstract)
• R.F. Mazurowski, Y. Kanjou (eds., 2012), Tell Qaramel 1999–2007. Protoneolithic and Early Pre-pottery Neolithic Settlement in Northern Syria. Warsaw: Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology. ISBN 978-83-903796-3-0.

External links

• Poster about the site (Polish)
• Discussion of the radiocarbon dates, PPND - the Platform for Neolithic Radiocarbon Dates, Ex Oriente eV, Free University of Berlin.