Taipan

This article is about the Australian snake. For other uses, see Tai-Pan (disambiguation).
Taipans
Inland taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Elapidae
Genus: Oxyuranus
Kinghorn, 1923[1]

The taipans are snakes of the genus Oxyuranus in the elapid family. They are large, fast-moving, highly venomous, and endemic to Australasia. There are currently three recognized species, one of which, the coastal taipan, has two subspecies. The taipans are considered some of the most deadly known snakes.

Etymology

A coastal taipan.

The common name, taipan, was coined by anthropologist Donald Thomson after the word used by the Wik-Mungkan Aboriginal people of central Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia.[2]

Species and geographic ranges

The three known species are: the coastal taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus), the inland taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus), and a recently discovered third species, the Central Ranges taipan (Oxyuranus temporalis).[3] The coastal taipan has two subspecies: the coastal taipan (O. s. scutellatus), found along the northeastern coast of Queensland, and the Papuan taipan (O. s. canni), found on the southern coast of Papua New Guinea.

Diet

Their diets consist primarily of small mammals, especially rats and bandicoots.

Venom

Species of this genus possess highly neurotoxic venom with some other toxic constituents that have multiple effects on victims. The venom is known to paralyze victim's nervous system and clot the blood, which then blocks blood vessels and uses up clotting factors. Members of this genus are considered to be among the most venomous land snakes based on their murine LD50, an indicator of the toxicity on mice. The inland taipan is considered to be the most venomous land snake and the coastal taipan, which is arguably the largest Australian venomous snake, is the third-most venomous land snake.[4] The central ranges taipan has been less researched than other species of this genus, so the exact toxicity of its venom is still not clear, but it may be even more venomous than the other taipan species.[5] Apart from venom toxicity, quantities of venom delivered should also be taken into account for the danger posed. The coastal taipan is capable of injecting a large quantity of venom due to its large size.[6]

In 1950, Kevin Budden, an amateur herpetologist, was one of the first people to capture a taipan alive, although he was bitten in the process and died the next day.[7] The snake, which ended up dying a few weeks later, was milked by Melbourne zoologist David Fleay and its venom used to develop an antivenom, which became available in 1955.[8][9]

Temperament also varies from species to species. The inland taipan is generally shy while the coastal taipan can be quite aggressive when cornered and will actively defend itself.[6]

Taxonomy

Species Taxon author[10] Subspecies Common name
Oxyuranus microlepidotusT (F. McCoy, 1879) 0 Inland taipan
Oxyuranus scutellatus (W. Peters, 1867) 2 Coastal taipan
Oxyuranus temporalis Doughty et al., 2007 0 Central Ranges taipan

References

  1. ↑ ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System). www.itis.gov.
  2. ↑ Sutton, Peter. Wik Ngathan Dictionary, 1995.
  3. ↑ Doughty, Paul et al. "A New Species of Taipan (Elapidae: Oxyuranus) from Central Australia." Zootaxa 1422, 2007 (pages 45–58).
  4. ↑ Thomas, Séan, & Eugene Griessel - Dec 1999. "LD50".
  5. ↑ "One of the Most Venomous Snakes in the World - Oxyuranus temporalis." International Institute for Species Exploration, 2008.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "IMMEDIATE FIRST AID for bites by Australian Taipan or Common Taipan".
  7. ↑ "80-Year-Old Vintage Snake Venom Can Still Kill". January 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
  8. ↑ "Taipan "belonga devil"". News (Adelaide, South Australia). 1 August 1950. p. 11. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
  9. ↑ Williams, David (January 2004). "The Death of Kevin Budden". Retrieved 16 January 2014.
  10. ↑ The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.

Further reading

External links

Look up taipan in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.