TYPSET and RUNOFF

RUNOFF was the first computer text formatting program to see significant use. It was written in 1964 for the CTSS operating system by Jerome H. Saltzer in MAD assembler.

It actually consisted of a pair of programs, TYPSET (which was basically a document editor), and RUNOFF (the output processor). RUNOFF had support for pagination and headers, as well as text justification (TJ-2 appears to have been the earliest text justification system, but it did not have the other capabilities).

RUNOFF is a direct predecessor of the runoff document formatting program of Multics, which in turn was the ancestor of the roff and nroff document formatting programs of Unix, and their descendants. It was also the ancestor of FORMAT for the IBM System/360, and of course indirectly of every computerized word processing system.

Likewise, RUNOFF for CTSS was the predecessor of the various RUNOFFs for DEC's operating systems, via the RUNOFF developed by the University of California, Berkeley's Project Genie for the SDS 940 system.[1][2]

The name is alleged to have come from the phrase at the time, I'll run off a copy.

Example

Input:

When you're ready to order,
call us at our toll free number:
.SK
.CENTER
1-800-555-xxxx
.SK
Your order will be processed
within two working days and shipped

Output:

   When you're ready to order, call us at our toll free number:

                             1-800-555-xxxx

   Your order will be processed within two working days and shipped

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ John V. Everett (1997-02-08). "Re: Runoffs (was: TJ-2, a very early word-processor-like program for the PDP-1)". Newsgroup: alt.sys.pdp10. Usenet: 5diaq1$6cn$2@kirin.wwa.com. Retrieved 2008-11-14.
  2. ↑ Barnes, Larry (27 March 1973). RUNOFF: A Program for the Preparation of Documents (PDF). Bitsavers' PDF Document Archive. Washington, DC: Office of the Secretary of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. R-37. Retrieved 14 November 2008.

References