TOX

This article is about the protein. For other uses, see Tox (disambiguation).
Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box

PDB rendering based on 2co9.
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
Identifiers
SymbolsTOX ; TOX1
External IDsOMIM: 606863 MGI: 2181659 HomoloGene: 8822 GeneCards: TOX Gene
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez9760252838
EnsemblENSG00000198846ENSMUSG00000041272
UniProtO94900Q66JW3
RefSeq (mRNA)NM_014729NM_145711
RefSeq (protein)NP_055544NP_663757
Location (UCSC)Chr 8:
59.72 – 60.03 Mb		Chr 4:
6.69 – 6.99 Mb
PubMed search

Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein TOX is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TOX gene.[1][2][3]

Structure and function

The TOX gene encodes a protein that belongs to a large superfamily of chromatin associated proteins that share an approximately 75 amino acid DNA binding motif, the HMG (high mobility group)-box (named after that found in the canonical member of the family, high mobility group protein 1). Some high mobility group (HMG) box proteins (e.g., LEF1) contain a single HMG box motif and bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner, while other members of this family (e.g., HMGB1) have multiple HMG boxes and bind DNA in a sequence-independent but structure-dependent manner. While TOX has a single HMG-box motif,[3] it is predicted to bind DNA in a sequence-independent manner.[4] TOX is also a member of a small subfamily of proteins (TOX2, TOX3, and TOX4) that share almost identical HMG-box sequences.[4] TOX3 has been identified as a breast cancer susceptibility locus.[5][6] TOX is highly expressed in the thymus, the site of development of T lymphocytes. Knockout mice that lack TOX have a severe defect in development of certain subsets of T lymphocytes.[7]

References

  1. ↑ Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Suyama M, Kikuno R, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O (Apr 1999). "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XI. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Res 5 (5): 277–86. doi:10.1093/dnares/5.5.277. PMID 9872452.
  2. ↑ Wilkinson B, Chen JY, Han P, Rufner KM, Goularte OD, Kaye J (Mar 2002). "TOX: an HMG box protein implicated in the regulation of thymocyte selection". Nat Immunol 3 (3): 272–80. doi:10.1038/ni767. PMID 11850626.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box gene TOX".
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 O'Flaherty E, Kaye J (April 2003). "TOX defines a conserved subfamily of HMG-box proteins". BMC Genomics 4: 13. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-4-13. PMC 155677. PMID 12697058.
  5. ↑ Easton DF, Pooley KA, Dunning AM et al. (June 2007). "Genome-wide association study identifies novel breast cancer susceptibility loci". Nature 447 (7148): 1087–93. doi:10.1038/nature05887. PMC 2714974. PMID 17529967.
  6. ↑ Stacey SN, Manolescu A, Sulem P et al. (July 2007). "Common variants on chromosomes 2q35 and 16q12 confer susceptibility to estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer". Nat. Genet. 39 (7): 865–9. doi:10.1038/ng2064. PMID 17529974.
  7. ↑ Aliahmad P, Kaye J (January 2008). "Development of all CD4 T lineages requires nuclear factor TOX". J. Exp. Med. 205 (1): 245–56. doi:10.1084/jem.20071944. PMC 2234360. PMID 18195075.

Further reading