TOP2B
DNA topoisomerase 2-beta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TOP2B gene.[2][3]
This gene encodes a DNA topoisomerase, an enzyme that controls and alters the topologic states of DNA during transcription. This nuclear enzyme is involved in processes such as chromosome condensation, chromatid separation, and the relief of torsional stress that occurs during DNA transcription and replication. It catalyzes the transient breaking and rejoining of two strands of duplex DNA which allows the strands to pass through one another, thus altering the topology of DNA. Two forms of this enzyme exist as likely products of a gene duplication event. The gene encoding this form, beta, is localized to chromosome 3 and the alpha form is localized to chromosome 17. The gene encoding this enzyme functions as the target for several anticancer agents, for example mitoxantrone, and a variety of mutations in this gene have been associated with the development of drug resistance. Reduced activity of this enzyme may also play a role in ataxia-telangiectasia. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants; however, the second variant has not yet been fully described.[4]
Interactions
TOP2B has been shown to interact with BAZ1B,[5] HDAC1,[6][7] Histone deacetylase 2,[6] T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain,[8] Small ubiquitin-related modifier 1[9] and P53.[10]
References
- ↑ Wu, C. -C.; Li, Y. -C.; Wang, Y. -R.; Li, T. -K.; Chan, N. -L. (2013). "On the structural basis and design guidelines for type II topoisomerase-targeting anticancer drugs". Nucleic Acids Research 41 (22): 10630–10640. doi:10.1093/nar/gkt828. PMID 24038465.
- ↑ Tan KB, Dorman TE, Falls KM, Chung TD, Mirabelli CK, Crooke ST, Mao J (January 1992). "Topoisomerase II alpha and topoisomerase II beta genes: characterization and mapping to human chromosomes 17 and 3, respectively". Cancer Res 52 (1): 231–4. PMID 1309226.
- ↑ Jenkins JR, Ayton P, Jones T, Davies SL, Simmons DL, Harris AL, Sheer D, Hickson ID (January 1993). "Isolation of cDNA clones encoding the beta isozyme of human DNA topoisomerase II and localisation of the gene to chromosome 3p24". Nucleic Acids Res 20 (21): 5587–92. doi:10.1093/nar/20.21.5587. PMC 334390. PMID 1333583.
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: TOP2B topoisomerase (DNA) II beta 180kDa".
- ↑ Kitagawa, Hirochika; Fujiki Ryoji, Yoshimura Kimihiro, Mezaki Yoshihiro, Uematsu Yoshikatsu, Matsui Daisuke, Ogawa Satoko, Unno Kiyoe, Okubo Mataichi, Tokita Akifumi, Nakagawa Takeya, Ito Takashi, Ishimi Yukio, Nagasawa Hiromichi, Matsumoto Toshio, Yanagisawa Junn, Kato Shigeaki (June 2003). "The chromatin-remodeling complex WINAC targets a nuclear receptor to promoters and is impaired in Williams syndrome". Cell (United States) 113 (7): 905–17. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00436-7. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 12837248.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Tsai, S C; Valkov N; Yang W M; Gump J; Sullivan D; Seto E (November 2000). "Histone deacetylase interacts directly with DNA topoisomerase II". Nat. Genet. (UNITED STATES) 26 (3): 349–53. doi:10.1038/81671. ISSN 1061-4036. PMID 11062478.
- ↑ Johnson, C A; Padget K; Austin C A; Turner B M (February 2001). "Deacetylase activity associates with topoisomerase II and is necessary for etoposide-induced apoptosis". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 276 (7): 4539–42. doi:10.1074/jbc.C000824200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11136718.
- ↑ Nakano, H; Yamazaki T; Miyatake S; Nozaki N; Kikuchi A; Saito T (March 1996). "Specific interaction of topoisomerase II beta and the CD3 epsilon chain of the T cell receptor complex". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 271 (11): 6483–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.11.6483. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 8626450.
- ↑ Mao, Y; Desai S D; Liu L F (August 2000). "SUMO-1 conjugation to human DNA topoisomerase II isozymes". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 275 (34): 26066–73. doi:10.1074/jbc.M001831200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10862613.
- ↑ Cowell, I G; Okorokov A L; Cutts S A; Padget K; Bell M; Milner J; Austin C A (February 2000). "Human topoisomerase IIalpha and IIbeta interact with the C-terminal region of p53". Exp. Cell Res. (UNITED STATES) 255 (1): 86–94. doi:10.1006/excr.1999.4772. ISSN 0014-4827. PMID 10666337.
Further reading
- Champoux JJ (2002). "DNA topoisomerases: structure, function, and mechanism.". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 70: 369–413. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.70.1.369. PMID 11395412.
- Austin CA, Fisher LM (1990). "Isolation and characterization of a human cDNA clone encoding a novel DNA topoisomerase II homologue from HeLa cells.". FEBS Lett. 266 (1–2): 115–7. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(90)81520-X. PMID 2163884.
- Chung TD, Drake FH, Tan KB et al. (1990). "Characterization and immunological identification of cDNA clones encoding two human DNA topoisomerase II isozymes". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86 (23): 9431–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.23.9431. PMC 298510. PMID 2556712.
- Austin CA, Sng JH, Patel S, Fisher LM (1993). "Novel HeLa topoisomerase II is the II beta isoform: complete coding sequence and homology with other type II topoisomerases". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1172 (3): 283–91. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(93)90215-Y. PMID 8383537.
- Davies SL, Jenkins JR, Hickson ID (1993). "Human cells express two differentially spliced forms of topoisomerase II beta mRNA". Nucleic Acids Res. 21 (16): 3719–23. doi:10.1093/nar/21.16.3719. PMC 309874. PMID 8396237.
- Nakano H, Yamazaki T, Miyatake S et al. (1996). "Specific interaction of topoisomerase II beta and the CD3 epsilon chain of the T cell receptor complex". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (11): 6483–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.11.6483. PMID 8626450.
- Biersack H, Jensen S, Gromova I et al. (1996). "Active heterodimers are formed from human DNA topoisomerase II alpha and II beta isoforms". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (16): 8288–93. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.16.8288. PMC 38663. PMID 8710863.
- Meyer KN, Kjeldsen E, Straub T et al. (1997). "Cell cycle-coupled relocation of types I and II topoisomerases and modulation of catalytic enzyme activities". J. Cell Biol. 136 (4): 775–88. doi:10.1083/jcb.136.4.775. PMC 2132491. PMID 9049244.
- Fukunaga R, Hunter T (1997). "MNK1, a new MAP kinase-activated protein kinase, isolated by a novel expression screening method for identifying protein kinase substrates". EMBO J. 16 (8): 1921–33. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.8.1921. PMC 1169795. PMID 9155018.
- Ng SW, Liu Y, Schnipper LE (1998). "Cloning and characterization of the 5'-flanking sequence for the human DNA topoisomerase II beta gene". Gene 203 (2): 113–9. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00500-3. PMID 9426241.
- Yamane K, Kawabata M, Tsuruo T (1998). "A DNA-topoisomerase-II-binding protein with eight repeating regions similar to DNA-repair enzymes and to a cell-cycle regulator". Eur. J. Biochem. 250 (3): 794–9. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00794.x. PMID 9461304.
- Cowell IG, Willmore E, Chalton D et al. (1998). "Nuclear distribution of human DNA topoisomerase IIbeta: a nuclear targeting signal resides in the 116-residue C-terminal tail". Exp. Cell Res. 243 (2): 232–40. doi:10.1006/excr.1998.4150. PMID 9743583.
- Lang AJ, Mirski SE, Cummings HJ et al. (1998). "Structural organization of the human TOP2A and TOP2B genes". Gene 221 (2): 255–66. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(98)00468-5. PMID 9795238.
- Sng JH, Heaton VJ, Bell M et al. (1999). "Molecular cloning and characterization of the human topoisomerase IIalpha and IIbeta genes: evidence for isoform evolution through gene duplication". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1444 (3): 395–406. doi:10.1016/S0167-4781(99)00020-2. PMID 10095062.
- Bjergbaek L, Jensen S, Westergaard O, Andersen AH (1999). "Using a biochemical approach to identify the primary dimerization regions in human DNA topoisomerase IIalpha". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (37): 26529–36. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.37.26529. PMID 10473615.
- Cowell IG, Okorokov AL, Cutts SA et al. (2000). "Human topoisomerase IIalpha and IIbeta interact with the C-terminal region of p53". Exp. Cell Res. 255 (1): 86–94. doi:10.1006/excr.1999.4772. PMID 10666337.
- Mao Y, Desai SD, Liu LF (2000). "SUMO-1 conjugation to human DNA topoisomerase II isozymes". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (34): 26066–73. doi:10.1074/jbc.M001831200. PMID 10862613.
- Mirski SE, Voskoglou-Nomikos T, Young LC et al. (2000). "Simultaneous quantitation of topoisomerase II alpha and beta isoform mRNAs in lung tumor cells and normal and malignant lung tissue". Lab. Invest. 80 (6): 787–95. doi:10.1038/labinvest.3780083. PMID 10879730.