TNFSF18

Tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 18

Rendering based on PDB 2Q1M.

Available structures

Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB

List of PDB id codes
2Q1M, 2R30, 2R32, 3B93, 3B94

Identifiers

Symbols

TNFSF18 ; AITRL; GITRL; TL6; hGITRL

External IDs

OMIM: 603898 MGI: 2673064 HomoloGene: 3732 GeneCards: TNFSF18 Gene

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• receptor binding • cytokine activity • tumor necrosis factor receptor binding • tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily binding
Cellular component	• extracellular space • plasma membrane • cell surface • integral component of membrane
Biological process	• T cell proliferation involved in immune response • signal transduction • cell-cell signaling • tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway • regulation of T cell proliferation • negative regulation of apoptotic process • positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 1:
173.04 – 173.05 Mb

Chr 1:
161.49 – 161.51 Mb

PubMed search

Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF18 gene.^[1]^[2]^[3]

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This cytokine is a ligand for receptor TNFRSF18/AITR/GITR. It has been shown to modulate T lymphocyte survival in peripheral tissues. This cytokine is also found to be expressed in endothelial cells, and is thought to be important for interaction between T lymphocytes and endothelial cells.^[3]

References

↑ Kwon B, Yu KY, Ni J, Yu GL, Jang IK, Kim YJ, Xing L, Liu D, Wang SX, Kwon BS (Mar 1999). "Identification of a novel activation-inducible protein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and its ligand". J Biol Chem 274 (10): 6056–61. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.10.6056. PMID 10037686.
↑ Gurney AL, Marsters SA, Huang RM, Pitti RM, Mark DT, Baldwin DT, Gray AM, Dowd AD, Brush AD, Heldens AD, Schow AD, Goddard AD, Wood WI, Baker KP, Godowski PJ, Ashkenazi A (Apr 1999). "Identification of a new member of the tumor necrosis factor family and its receptor, a human ortholog of mouse GITR". Curr Biol 9 (4): 215–8. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80093-1. PMID 10074428.
↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: TNFSF18 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 18".

Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E et al. (2003). "The Secreted Protein Discovery Initiative (SPDI), a Large-Scale Effort to Identify Novel Human Secreted and Transmembrane Proteins: A Bioinformatics Assessment". Genome Res. 13 (10): 2265–70. doi:10.1101/gr.1293003. PMC 403697. PMID 12975309.
Yu KY, Kim HS, Song SY et al. (2003). "Identification of a ligand for glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor constitutively expressed in dendritic cells". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 310 (2): 433–8. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.09.024. PMID 14521928.
Kim BJ, Li Z, Fariss RN et al. (2004). "Constitutive and cytokine-induced GITR ligand expression on human retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors". Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 45 (9): 3170–6. doi:10.1167/iovs.03-0919. PMID 15326137.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
Nardelli B, Zaritskaya L, McAuliffe W et al. (2006). "Osteostat/tumor necrosis factor superfamily 18 inhibits osteoclastogenesis and is selectively expressed by vascular endothelial cells". Endocrinology 147 (1): 70–8. doi:10.1210/en.2005-0518. PMID 16179414.
Hanabuchi S, Watanabe N, Wang YH et al. (2006). "Human plasmacytoid predendritic cells activate NK cells through glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-ligand (GITRL)". Blood 107 (9): 3617–23. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-08-3419. PMID 16397134.
Mahesh SP, Li Z, Liu B et al. (2006). "Expression of GITR ligand abrogates immunosuppressive function of ocular tissue and differentially modulates inflammatory cytokines and chemokines". Eur. J. Immunol. 36 (8): 2128–38. doi:10.1002/eji.200635893. PMID 16874737.
Baumgartner-Nielsen J, Vestergaard C, Thestrup-Pedersen K et al. (2006). "Glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor (GITR) and its ligand (GITRL) in atopic dermatitis". Acta Derm. Venereol. 86 (5): 393–8. doi:10.2340/00015555-0118. PMID 16955181.
Baltz KM, Krusch M, Bringmann A et al. (2007). "Cancer immunoediting by GITR (glucocorticoid-induced TNF-related protein) ligand in humans: NK cell/tumor cell interactions". FASEB J. 21 (10): 2442–54. doi:10.1096/fj.06-7724com. PMID 17360848.
Tuyaerts S, Van Meirvenne S, Bonehill A et al. (2007). "Expression of human GITRL on myeloid dendritic cells enhances their immunostimulatory function but does not abrogate the suppressive effect of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells". J. Leukoc. Biol. 82 (1): 93–105. doi:10.1189/jlb.0906568. PMID 17449724.
Bae EM, Kim WJ, Suk K et al. (2007). "Reverse signaling initiated from GITRL induces NF-kappaB activation through ERK in the inflammatory activation of macrophages". Mol. Immunol. 45 (2): 523–33. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2007.05.013. PMID 17602748.
Kim YS, Jung HW, Choi J et al. (2007). "Expression of AITR and AITR ligand in breast cancer patients". Oncol. Rep. 18 (5): 1189–94. doi:10.3892/or.18.5.1189. PMID 17914571.

TNFSF18

References

Further reading