Synthetoceratinae
| Synthetoceratinae Temporal range: Miocene | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Artiodactyla |
| Family: | †Protoceratidae |
| Subfamily: | †Synthetoceratinae Frick (1937) |
Synthetoceratinae is a subfamily of Protoceratidae (deer-like) herbivorous mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla endemic to North America during the Miocene epoch, living 23.03—3.9 Ma, existing for approximately 19.13 million years.[1]
Taxonomy
Synthetoceratinae was named by Frick (1937). Its type is Synthetoceras. It was considered monophyletic by Webb et al. (2003). It was assigned to Protoceratidae by Webb (1981), Prothero (1998), Webb et al. (2003), Hulbert and Whitmore (2006) and Prothero and Ludtke (2007).[2][3][4][5]
Tribes
Synthetoceratinae contains the tribes Kyptoceratini and Synthetoceratini. Within these tribes are the genus Kyptoceras and Syndyoceras respectively.
References
- ↑ PaleoBiology Database: Synthetoceratinae, basic info
- ↑ S. D. Webb, B. L. Beatty, and G. Poinar, Jr. 2003. New evidence of Miocene Protoceratidae including a new species from Chiapas, Mexico. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 279:348-367
- ↑ D. R. Prothero. 1998. Protoceratidae. In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.), Evolution of Tertiary mammals of North America 431-438
- ↑ . C. Hulbert and F. C. Whitmore. 2006. Late Miocene mammals from the Mauvilla Local Fauna, Alabama. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 46(1):1-28
- ↑ D. R. Prothero and J. A. Ludtke. 2007. Family Protoceratidae. in D. R. Prothero and S. Foss (eds.), The Evolution of Artiodactyls 169-176