Surigaonon language

Surigaonon
Tandaganon
Native to Philippines
Region Surigao del Norte, most part of Surigao del Sur, Dinagat Islands, and some portion of Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur and Davao Oriental
Ethnicity Surigaonon people
Native speakers
 500,000  (2009)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3 Either:
sgd – Surigaonon
tgn – Tandaganon
Glottolog suri1274[2]

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Area where Surigaonon is spoken according to Ethnologue

Surigaonon is a Philippine language spoken by Surigaonon people in the province of Surigao del Norte, Dinagat Islands, Surigao del Sur, and some portions of Agusan del Norte especially the towns near the Mainit Lake, Agusan del Sur and Davao Oriental. Though it seems related to Cebuano it was due mainly to the influx of many Cebuanos in the region and some Cebuano words were loaned, although most Cebuano speakers can hardly understand Surigaonon speakers except for Cebuanos who has been living in the region for years.

It is very closely related to the Tausug language of Sulu (specially the root Tausug language without the Arabic words influence) and the dying Butuanon dialect of Butuan. The very close variety spoken in Tandag city, San Miguel, Tago, Bayabas, Cagwait, Marihatag, San Agustin and most part of Lianga is called Tandaganon and it can be classified as a separate language or simply just a southern variation of Surigaonon at which most of the speakers lives in the south (Surigao del Sur) and Surigaonon itself is the northern (Surigao del Norte) variation which has far more speakers than Tandaganon to which they occupies all of the municipalities of Surigao del Norte and the northern municipalities of Surigao del Sur. Surigaonon and Tandaganon can understandand each other perfectly well even if they use their own languages when talking to each other (The same treatment to Boholano dialect of Cebuano).

Surigaonon or/and Tandaganon is spoken in Surigao del Norte and most part of Surigao del Sur (except in the City of Bislig, Municipalities of Barobo, Hinatuan, Lingig and Tagbina wherein most of the inhabitants are descendants of Cebuanos who migrated from Visayas who speak Cebuano and the rest are natives who speak Kamayo a different language but distantly related to Surigaonon).

Phonology

According to Dumanig (2005), Surigaonon has a similar phonological inventory as her sister Visayan languages, Cebuano and Boholano.

Vowels

Below is the vowel system of Surigaonon (Dumanig, 2005):

Table of vowel phonemes of Suriganoon
Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid ɛ o
Open a

Consonants

Below is a chart of Surigaonon consonants (Dumanig, 2005).

Bilabial Dental Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Plosive Voiceless p t k ʔ
Voiced b d ɡ
Fricative s h
Flap ɾ
Lateral l
Approximant w j

Clusters

Surigaonon has 25 consonant clusters (br, bl, bw, by, dr, dy, dw, gr, gw, kr, kl, kw, mw, my, nw, pr, pl, pw, py, sw, sy, tr, tw, ty, hw) and 4 diphthongs (aw, ay, iw, uy), which is similar to Cebuano.

Comparison between Surigaonon, Cebuano, and Tausug

English Tausug Surigaonon Cebuano
What is your name? Unu in ngān mu? Unu an ngayan mu?/Unu may imo pangayan?/ Unu an pangayan nimo?/ Unu'y pangan mo? (Tandaganon) Unsa ang pangalan nimo?
My name is Muhammad In ngān ku Muhammad An ngayan ku kay Muhammad/An ako ngayan kay Muhammad/ Ang pangayan ko si Muhammad/ An ako pangan(ngan) kay Muhammad(Tandaganon) Ang pangalan nako kay Muhammad
How are you? Maunu-unu nakaw? Kumusta naman kaw?/ "Kumusta na kaw?" or "Kumusta nasa kaw?"(Tandaganon) Kumusta ka?
I am fine, (too) Marayaw da isab Madayaw da (sab(isab) or da nu-un) aku (Tandaganon) or Marajaw da/ra i-/sab aku (Surigaonon) Maayo ra ko/Maayo
Where is Ahmad? Hawnu hi Ahmad? Hain si Ahmad?(Tandaganon)/ Haman si Ahmad? Asa si Ahmad?
He is in the house Ha bāy siya Sa bay siya or yaun siya sa bahay(Tandaganon) / Jaon sija sa bayay Naa siya sa balay
Thank you Magsukul Salamat Salamat
‘I am staying at’ or ‘I live at’ Naghuhula’ aku ha Yaghuya aku sa(Tandaganon)/ Naghuja aku sa(Surigaonon) Nagpuyo ako sa
I am here at the house. Yari aku ha bay. Yadi aku sa bay(Tandaganon)./ Jari aku sa bayay Ni-a ko sa balay.
I am Hungry. Hiyapdi' aku. In-gutom aku or Paga-gutom ako(Tandaganon). / Tag gutom ako Gi-gutom ko.
He is there, at school. Yadtu siya ha iskul. Yadtu siya sa iskuylahan(Tandaganon). /Jadto sija sa iskuylahan. Tu-a sya sa iskuylahan
Person Tau Tao(Tandaganon) Tawo
(Sea/River) current Sug Suwg(Tandaganon) Sulog
Day Adlaw Buntag(Tandaganon) Adlaw
Night Duwm Gabi-i/Duwm(Tandaganon)/Duyum (Surigaonon) Gabi-i
Today Biháun Kuman na adlaw(Tandaganon and Surigaonon) Karon Adlawa
Yesterday Káhapun Káhapun Gahapon
The day before yesterday Ta’kisa Min-agi na adlaw(Tandaganon) Ni-agi na adlaw
Tomorrow Kunsuwm Siluwm/ Silom(Tandaganon) Ugma
The day after tomorrow Ku’nisa Sunod na adlaw(Tandaganon) Sunod na adlaw
Tonight Duwm ini Kuman na duwm or Kuman duwm(Tandaganon)/ Kuman na duyum or Kuman duyum (Surigaonon) Karon nga gabi-i/Ining gabi-i
Last night Kábi-i Kábi-i(Tandaganon) Kagabi-i
Morning Mahinaat/Maynaat Buntag(Tandaganon) Buntag
Afternoon Mahapun Hapun(Tandaganon) Hapun
Noon Mataas Suga Gabi-i(Tandaganon) Udto
Midnight Tungaan Duwm Tunga-tunga nan Duwn or Tunga'y Duwm(Tandaganon) Tunga sa gabi-i
What day is today? Adlaw unu biháun? Unu na adlaw kuman? or Unu kuman na adlawa?(Tandaganon) Unsa nga adlaw karon?
What day will you leave? Adlaw unu kaw tumulak? Unu na adlaw kaw mo-larga(mu-panaw?/Kun-o kaw mo-larga(mu-panaw)?/Kanus-a kaw mu-larga(mu-panaw)(Tandaganon) Unsa nga adlaw ka mo-larga?
My walked last Saturday. Miyanaw aku sin sabtu’ yaun. An ako panaw nan sabado yadtu.(Tandaganon) Ang lakaw nako ni adtong sabado.
When did they eat? Ka’nu sila kimaun? Kinun-u sila kin-maun?/Kagan-o sila nangaon(mikaon)?(Tandaganon) Kanus-a sila nikaon?
When did you arrive? Ka’nu kamu dimatung? Kinun-u/Kagan-o kamu(kaw) min-abot? Kanus-a kamo niabot?
When are going to school? Ku’nu kaw pa iskul? kinun-u/Kun-o kaw mokadto sa iskuylahan?(Tandaganon) Kanus-a ka mo-adto sa iskuylahan?
Where are you going? Pakain kamu manaw? Pahain kamu mamanaw?(Tandaganon)/ Hain kaw pasingud?(Tandaganon) Asa ka pa-ingon?
Who is that guy? Hisiyu in usug yaun? Sin-o yaun?/ Sin-o taraw yaon(informal)?(Tandaganon) Kinsa na nga tawhana?
Who own this shirt? Kansiyu in badju ini? Kanin-o ini badu?(Tandaganon) Kang kinsa nga senina kini?
Where is mother? Hain hi Inah? Hain si nanay?(Tandaganon) Asa si mama?
When was your birth date? Ka’nu kaw piyag-anak? Kinun-u kaw in anak?/Kagan-o kaw gi-anak?(Tandaganon) Kanus-a ka gipanganak?
Why are you crying? Mayta’ kaw timangis? Nasa ga-hilak(ga-tyaho) sa kaw?(Tandaganon) Ngano nga naghilak ka?
How do you sleep? Biyariin kaw magtuwg? Paga unu mo pagkaturog?(Tandaganon)/Paga unu mo sa taraw pagkaturug?(informal) Unsaon man nimo pagkatulog?
How is mother doing? Maunu-unu na hi Inah? Ya-unu na sa si Ina?/ Kumosta na si mama(nanay)?(Tandaganon) Kumusta na man si mama?

Sample words and phrases

References

  1. ↑ Surigaonon at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    Tandaganon at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Surigao". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.