Stranger in Moscow

"Stranger in Moscow"
Single by Michael Jackson
from the album HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I
Released	November 4, 1996 (Worldwide) August 28, 1997 (U.S.)
Format	CD single, cassette single, 7", 12"
Recorded	September 16, 1993 – October 1994
Genre	Downtempo,[1] trip hop,[2] pop, R&B
Length	5:44 (Album Version) 5:24 (Album Edit) 4:05 (Radio Edit) 5:32 (Video Mix)
Label	Epic
Writer(s)	Michael Jackson, Brad Buxer (uncredited)[3]
Producer(s)	Michael Jackson
Michael Jackson singles chronology
"HIStory/Ghosts" (1997) "Stranger in Moscow" (1997) "Is It Scary" (1997)
HIStory Continues track listing "They Don't Care About Us" (2) "Stranger in Moscow" (3) "This Time Around" (4) Music video "Stranger In Moscow" on YouTube

"Stranger in Moscow" is a song by American recording artist Michael Jackson from his ninth studio album HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I. The song was released worldwide in November 1996, but was not released in the United States until August 1997 by Epic Records. The track was written by Jackson in September 1993, at the height of the highly publicized child abuse accusations made against him, while on the Dangerous World Tour stop in Moscow. It was originally written as a poem by Jackson, then adapted into a song.

The song's music video depicts the lives of six individuals, including Jackson, who are left isolated and disconnected from the world around them. The song was performed on the HIStory World Tour in 1996–97. It was covered a few times by other artists.

Context, production and music

In the book The Many Faces of Michael Jackson, author Lee Pinkerton, like many other reviewers, noted that HIStory‍‍ '​‍s album tracks like "Stranger in Moscow" were Jackson's response to recent events in his personal life.^[4] In 1993, the relationship between Jackson and the press soured entirely when he was accused of child sexual abuse. Although never charged with a crime, Jackson was subject to intense media scrutiny while the criminal investigation took place. Complaints about the coverage and media included using sensational headlines to draw in readers and viewers when the content itself did not support the headline,^[5] accepting stories of Jackson's alleged criminal activity in return for money,^[6] accepting leaked material from the police investigation in return for money paid,^[7] deliberately using pictures of Jackson's appearance at its worst,^[8] a lack of objectivity^[8] and using headlines that strongly implied Jackson's guilt.^[8]

At the time, Jackson said of the media reaction, "I will say I am particularly upset by the handling of the matter by the incredible, terrible mass media. At every opportunity, the media has dissected and manipulated these allegations to reach their own conclusions".^[9] The entertainer began taking painkillers, Valium, Xanax and Ativan to deal with the stress of the allegations made against him.^[10] A few months after the allegations became news, Jackson had lost approximately 10 pounds (4.5 kg) in weight and had stopped eating.^[11] Jackson's health had deteriorated to the extent that he canceled the remainder of his Dangerous World Tour and went into rehabilitation.^[12][13] Jackson booked the whole fourth floor of the clinic, and was put on a Valium IV to wean him from painkillers.^[12][13][14] The singer's spokesperson told reporters that Jackson was "barely able to function adequately on an intellectual level".^[13] While in the clinic, Jackson took part in group and one-on-one therapy sessions.^[12][13]

When Jackson left the US to go into rehabilitation, the media showed the singer little sympathy. The Daily Mirror held a "Spot the Jacko" contest, offering readers a trip to Walt Disney World if they could correctly predict where the entertainer would appear next.^[12] A Daily Express headline read, "Drug Treatment Star Faces Life on the Run", while a News of the World headline accused Jackson of being a fugitive. These tabloids also falsely alleged that Jackson had traveled to Europe to have cosmetic surgery that would make him unrecognizable on his return.^[12] Geraldo Rivera set up a mock trial, with a jury made up of audience members, even though Jackson had not been charged with a crime.^[15]

"Stranger in Moscow" is an R&B ballad,^[14][16] penned by Jackson in 1993 during his Dangerous World Tour stop in Moscow. The instrumental portion of the song is based on the end credits theme of Sonic the Hedgehog 3 (1994), a video game which Jackson and his tour keyboardist Brad Buxer were brought in to compose music for.^[3] Jackson dropped out of the project after scandals involving him arose around this time.^[17] The lyrics for the song are based upon a poem written by Jackson. A background guitar was played by Steve Lukather while keyboards, synthesizers and bass are credited to David Paich and Steve Porcaro.^[18] Originally, HIStory was planned as a greatest hits release, with a few new tracks. However, Jackson and his collaborators were so pleased with the result of "Stranger in Moscow" that they decided to give HIStory a full studio album as the second disc.^[19] Jackson used elements of Russian imagery and symbolism to help promote the concept of fear and alienation in the track, in a similar fashion to Simply Red's album Love and the Russian Winter several years later.^[20] It concludes with a narrative, spoken in Russian, by a KGB interrogator (Ed Wiesnieski).^[21] The narrative, translated into English is, "Why have you come from the west? Confess! To steal the great achievements of the people, the accomplishments of the workers...".^[22]

Music and critical reception

	"Stranger in Moscow" Excerpt of the single "Stranger in Moscow". The first segment presents an instrumental solo followed by the repetitive chorus that brought critical acclaim.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

Stranger in Moscow has a tempo of 66 beats per minute, making it one of Jackson's slowest songs.^[23] The song was critically acclaimed by critics and music producers. James Hunter of Rolling Stone commented "[Jackson is] angry, miserable, tortured, inflammatory, furious about what he calls, in 'Stranger in Moscow', a 'swift and sudden fall from grace'...HIStory feels like the work of someone with a bad case of Thriller nostalgia. Occasionally this backward focus works to Jackson's advantage: On 'Stranger in Moscow' he remembers the synth-pop '80s while constructing wracked claims of danger and loneliness that rival any Seattle rocker's pain."^[24]

Jon Pareles of The New York Times stated, "The ballads are lavishly melodic. 'Stranger In Moscow', with odd lyrics like 'Stalin's tomb won't let me be,' has a gorgeous chorus for the repeated question "How does it feel?".^[14] Fred Shuster of the Daily News of Los Angeles described it as, "a lush, gorgeous minor-key ballad with one of the album's catchiest choruses"^[25]

Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic noted of HIStory, "Jackson produces some well-crafted pop that ranks with his best material...'Stranger in Moscow' is one of his most haunting ballads.^[26] Longtime collaborator Bruce Swedien, has described "Stranger in Moscow" as one of the best songs Jackson had ever done.^[19] Patrick Macdonald of The Seattle Times described "Stranger in Moscow" as "a pretty ballad interspersed with sounds of rain."^[27] Further praise came in 2005 when it was felt that the song had successfully portrayed "eerie loneliness" and was characterized as beautiful by Josephine Zohny of PopMatters.^[28] Tom Molley of the Associated Press described it as "[a] ethereal and stirring description of a man wounded by a 'swift and sudden fall from grace' walking in the shadow of the Kremlin".^[29]

Chris Willman of Los Angeles Times stated "'Stranger in Moscow', is a step removed from the focused paranoia of much of the rest of the album, more akin to the deeper, fuzzier dread of a past perennial like 'Billie Jean'. Jackson imagines himself alone and adrift in a psychic Russia, pre-glasnost, hunted by an unseen KGB: 'Here abandoned in my fame / Armageddon of the brain', he sings in the somber, constricted verses, before a sweeping coda kicks up four minutes in and the stalkee suddenly breaks his cool to wail about a desolate, inconsolable loneliness. Here, in this song, is the real genius—and probably real personhood—of Michael Jackson".^[30]

Rod Temperton, one of Jackson's songwriters from his earlier career, believes that this is his best song.^[31]

Music video plot and influence

Michael Jackson walking the streets of the city in the music video

The song's music video, directed by Nick Brandt, and shot in Los Angeles, is focused around six unrelated people living in a cityscape while the rest of the world moves around them in slow motion. The first half of the video introduces these figures. They are a man looking down at the city from his bedroom window, a woman sitting alone in a coffee shop, a homeless man lying on the damp street, a lone figure feeding pigeons, a boy ostracized from a game of baseball, and Jackson himself is the sixth figure, seen walking the city streets while he sings. Special effects are used to show birds and wasps flying, glass breaking and coffee spilling, all in slow motion.

In the second half of the scenario, heavy rain descends on the city and the citizens try to flee, all again seen in slow motion. From the safety of shelter, the six "strangers" watch everyone's futile attempts to avoid the sudden change in weather. Eventually they decide to go outside, where they look up at the sky and allow the rain to soak them. The video ends with Michael whipping his hair. During this scene, you hear a voicing softly in Russian, a reference to Moscow.

The music video also appears on Jackson's video albums HIStory on Film, Volume II and Michael Jackson's Vision.

Jackson's biographer J. Randy Taraborrelli, has stated that the video is based on Jackson's real life. He used to walk alone at night looking for new friends, even at the peak of his musical popularity. The 1980s saw him become deeply unhappy; Jackson explained, "Even at home, I'm lonely. I sit in my room sometimes and cry. It's so hard to make friends ...I sometimes walk around the neighborhood at night, just hoping to find someone to talk to. But I just end up coming home".^[29][32]

Live performances

Jackson first performed the song during the HIStory World Tour, which also turned out to be the last live performance of the song. Jackson always performed the song wearing golden jacket and pants. The song was always lipsynced, instead focusing on Jackson's robotic and gliding dance moves. Along with 'Shake Your Body (Down To The Ground)," "Billie Jean," and "Smooth Criminal," it was one of the songs where Jackson did the moonwalk. The song was also due to be performed for the This Is It concert series, but the shows were cancelled due to his death.

Cover versions

• The German electronica group Transformer di Roboter released a cover version of "Stranger in Moscow" on their MySpace page on January 1, 2002. The bass line of the track was replicated using the iconic Apple Macintosh startup chime.
• The British act Alpines uploaded a cover version on their 'covers' MySpace page on January 1, 2010.
• Kevin Parker released a cover by his Australian psychedelic rock band Tame Impala on Soundcloud on March 12, 2014.^[33]

Charts

Track listing

Personnel

• Written, composed and produced by Michael Jackson
• Vocal arrangement by Michael Jackson and John Barnes
• Solo and background vocals by Michael Jackson
• Keyboard, synthesizer and bass by David Paich
• Keyboard and synthesizer by Steve Porcaro
• Background guitar by Steve Lukather
• Michael Jackson's heartbeat recording by Dr. Eric Chevlen: digitally processed in the Synclavier
• Rhythm arrangement by Michael Jackson and John Barnes

See also

• Sonic the Hedgehog 3, the ending theme of which was composed by Michael Jackson and Brad Buxer and was the instrumental basis of the song.

Notes

References

• Campbell, Lisa (1995). Michael Jackson: The King of Pops Darkest Hour. Branden. ISBN 0-8283-2003-9. 
• George, Nelson (2004). Michael Jackson: The Ultimate Collection. Sony BMG.
• Pinkerton, Lee (1998). The Many Faces of Michael Jackson. Music Sales Distribution. ISBN 0-7119-6783-0. 
• Taraborrelli, J. Randy (2004). The Magic and the Madness. Terra Alta, WV: Headline. ISBN 0-330-42005-4.