Stem cell marker
Stem cell markers are genes and their protein products used by scientists to isolate and identify stem cells. Stem cells can also be identified by functional assays. Below is a list of genes/protein products that can be used to identify various types of stem cells, or functional assays that do the same.[1]
Stem cell marker names
- AA4[2]
- AA4.1[3]
- P-gp (CD243)[4]
- ABCB5[5]
- ABCG2 (CDw338)[6]
- ALDH[7]
- alkaline phosphatase[8]
- alpha6-integrin[9]
- Anti-WNT2B monoclonal antibody[10]
- antithrombin III (AT)[11]
- asialo GM1[12]
- Bcl-2[13]
- Beta-galactosidase (β-gal) of ROSA26 mice[14]
- beta1-integrin[9]
- bromodeoxyuridine[15]
- c-kit (CD117)[16]
- c-Met[17]
- C1qR(p)[18]
- END (CD105)[19]
- PROM1 (CD133) [20][21][22]
- ALCAM (CD166)[19]
- ITGB1 (CD29)[23]
- TNFRSF8 (CD30)[24]
- PECAM-1 (CD31)[25]
- Siglec-3 (CD33)[26]
- CD34[27]
- CD44[23]
- NCAM (CD56)[28]
- CD73[23]
- CD9[29]
- CD90[30]
- CDCP1[31]
- Circulating anticoagulants protein C (PC)[11]
- CK19[32]
- CLV3[33]
- cyclic CMP[34]
- ECMA-7[35]
- EDR1[36]
- EEC[37]
- FGF-4[38]
- Flk-2[39]
- Flk1(+)[40]
- Flt3/Flk2[41]
- FMS (CD115)[42]
- FORSE-1[15]
- G alpha16[43]
- GDF3[36]
- GFPM[44]
- Giant granules of beige C57B1/6 (bg) mice[45]
- Gli2[46]
- Gli3[46]
- glial fibrillary acidic protein[15]
- glycoprotein IB[47]
- GSTA1[48]
- HAS2 gene expression[49]
- Her5[50]
- hMYADM[51]
- HSA[41]
- hsp25[52]
- Id2[53]
- IL-3Ralpha[54]
- Integrins[55]
- interleukin-3 receptor alpha chain[56]
- Iron oxide nanoparticles[57]
- KDR[58]
- Keratin 15 (aka. CK15, Cytokeratin 15) [32][59][60][61]
- Keratin 19 (aka. CK19, Cytokeratin 19, K19) [62][63][64]
- Kit[3]
- L-selectin (CD62L)[65]
- Lamin A/C[66]
- Lewis X antigen (Le(X))[67]
- LeX[68]
- Lgr5[69]
- Lrp4[70]
- MCM2[71]
- MCSP[72]
- Metallothionein (MT) crypt-restricted immunopositivity indices (MTCRII)[73]
- monosomy 7[74]
- Mouse orthologue of ARX[75]
- MRP4[76]
- Msi-1[77]
- Musashi[77]
- Musashi-1[78]
- Mutant BCRP[79]
- nestin[80]
- neurofilament microtubule-associated protein 2[81]
- neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2)[82]
- notch 1[83]
- nrp-1[84]
- Nucleostemin[85]
- OC.3[86]
- Oct-4[87]
- OST-PTP[88]
- P-gp/MDR1[89]
- p21[64]
- p63[90]
- p75[91]
- PCLP[92]
- PCNA[15]
- PECAM[6]
- PgP-1[41]
- phosphorylating-p38[93]
- Podocalyxin[94]
- procalcitonin (PCT)[95]
- PSCs[96]
- pSV2gpt[97]
- PTPRC[23]
- purified LRC[98]
- Rat liver fatty acid-binding protein/human growth hormone transgenes (Fabpl/hGH)[99]
- RC1 antigen[100]
- Rex-1[101]
- Sca-1[102]
- SCF[103]
- Side Population (SP)[104]
- SOX10[91]
- SOX2[105]
- SOX9[106]
- SP phenotype[107]
- SSEA-1[108]
- SSEA-3[109]
- SSEA-4[110]
- Stat3[111]
- Stat5[112]
- Stella[36]
- Stra8[113]
- Stro-1[114]
- Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP)[115]
- TdT[116]
- telomerase reverse transcriptase[110]
- electrophoretic pattern of hemoglobin[117]
- Thrombomucin[118]
- Thy-1[119]
- Tra-1-60[120]
- TWIST1[121]
- VEGFR-2[122]
- vimentin[123]
- X-Smoothened[46]
- XKrk1[124]
- Zac1[15]
References
- ↑ "Appendix E: Stem Cell Markers". Stem Cell Information. Bethesda, Maryland: National Institutes of Health. 17 June 2001. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
- ↑ Petrenko O, Beavis A, Klaine M, Kittappa R, Godin I, Lemischka IR (June 1999). "The molecular characterization of the fetal stem cell marker AA4". Immunity 10 (6): 691–700. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80068-0. PMID 10403644.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Taoudi S, Morrison AM, Inoue H, Gribi R, Ure J, Medvinsky A (September 2005). "Progressive divergence of definitive haematopoietic stem cells from the endothelial compartment does not depend on contact with the foetal liver". Development 132 (18): 4179–91. doi:10.1242/dev.01974. PMID 16107475.
- ↑ Islam MO, Kanemura Y, Tajria J et al. (July 2005). "Characterization of ABC transporter ABCB1 expressed in human neural stem/progenitor cells". FEBS Letters 579 (17): 3473–80. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2005.05.019. PMID 15950972.
- ↑ Frank NY, Margaryan A, Huang Y et al. (May 2005). "ABCB5-mediated doxorubicin transport and chemoresistance in human malignant melanoma". Cancer Research 65 (10): 4320–33. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3327. PMID 15899824.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Bernardo AS, Barrow J, Hay CW et al. (July 2006). "Presence of endocrine and exocrine markers in EGFP-positive cells from the developing pancreas of a nestin/EGFP mouse". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 253 (1–2): 14–21. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2006.03.003. PMID 16698177.
- ↑ Chute JP, Muramoto GG, Whitesides J et al. (August 2006). "Inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase and retinoid signaling induces the expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103 (31): 11707–12. doi:10.1073/pnas.0603806103. PMC 1544234. PMID 16857736.
- ↑ Nagafuchi S, Katsuta H, Kogawa K et al. (July 1999). "Establishment of an embryonic stem (ES) cell line derived from a non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse: in vivo differentiation into lymphocytes and potential for germ line transmission". FEBS Letters 455 (1–2): 101–4. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00801-7. PMID 10428481.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Shinohara T, Avarbock MR, Brinster RL (May 1999). "β1- and α6-integrin are surface markers on mouse spermatogonial stem cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 96 (10): 5504–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.10.5504. PMC 21889. PMID 10318913.
- ↑ Katoh M (December 2005). "WNT2B: comparative integromics and clinical applications (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 16 (6): 1103–8. doi:10.3892/ijmm.16.6.1103. PMID 16273293.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Gordon B, Haire W, Ruby E et al. (March 1997). "Factors predicting morbidity following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation". Bone Marrow Transplantation 19 (5): 497–501. doi:10.1038/sj.bmt.1700684. PMID 9052918.
- ↑ Harris MT, Schwarting GA, Stout RD (September 1981). "Selective expression of asialo GM1 on maturational subsets of lymphocytes in normal and athymic mice". Thymus 3 (3): 153–67. PMID 6171918.
- ↑ Polakowska RR, Piacentini M, Bartlett R, Goldsmith LA, Haake AR (March 1994). "Apoptosis in human skin development: morphogenesis, periderm, and stem cells". Developmental Dynamics 199 (3): 176–88. doi:10.1002/aja.1001990303. PMID 7517223.
- ↑ Asari S, Okada S, Ohkubo Y et al. (August 2004). "Beta-galactosidase of ROSA26 mice is a useful marker for detecting the definitive erythropoiesis after stem cell transplantation". Transplantation 78 (4): 516–23. doi:10.1097/01.TP.0000128854.20831.6F. PMID 15446309.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 Valente T, Junyent F, Auladell C (June 2005). "Zac1 is expressed in progenitor/stem cells of the neuroectoderm and mesoderm during embryogenesis: differential phenotype of the Zac1-expressing cells during development". Developmental Dynamics 233 (2): 667–79. doi:10.1002/dvdy.20373. PMID 15844099.
- ↑ Raisky O, Nykänen AI, Krebs R et al. (April 2007). "VEGFR-1 and -2 regulate inflammation, myocardial angiogenesis, and arteriosclerosis in chronically rejecting cardiac allografts". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 27 (4): 819–25. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000260001.55955.6c. PMID 17290032.
- ↑ Suzuki A, Zheng YW, Fukao K, Nakauchi H, Taniguchi H (2004). "Liver repopulation by c-Met-positive stem/progenitor cells isolated from the developing rat liver". Hepato-gastroenterology 51 (56): 423–6. PMID 15086173.
- ↑ Danet GH, Luongo JL, Butler G et al. (August 2002). "C1qRp defines a new human stem cell population with hematopoietic and hepatic potential". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99 (16): 10441–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.162104799. PMC 124933. PMID 12140365.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Nagatomo K, Komaki M, Sekiya I et al. (August 2006). "Stem cell properties of human periodontal ligament cells". Journal of Periodontal Research 41 (4): 303–10. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00870.x. PMID 16827724.
- ↑ Peichev M, Naiyer AJ, Pereira D et al. (1 February 2000). "Expression of VEGFR-2 and AC133 by circulating human CD34(+) cells identifies a population of functional endothelial precursors". Blood 95 (3): 952–8. PMID 10648408.
- ↑ Zhou L, Wei X, Cheng L, Tian J, Jiang JJ (March 2007). "CD133, one of the markers of cancer stem cells in Hep-2 cell line". The Laryngoscope 117 (3): 455–60. doi:10.1097/01.mlg.0000251586.15299.35. PMID 17334305.
- ↑ Kania G, Corbeil D, Fuchs J et al. (2005). "Somatic stem cell marker prominin-1/CD133 is expressed in embryonic stem cell-derived progenitors". Stem Cells 23 (6): 791–804. doi:10.1634/stemcells.2004-0232. PMID 15917475.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 Herrera MB, Bruno S, Buttiglieri S et al. (December 2006). "Isolation and characterization of a stem cell population from adult human liver". Stem Cells 24 (12): 2840–50. doi:10.1634/stemcells.2006-0114. PMID 16945998.
- ↑ Pera MF, Herszfeld D (1998). "Differentiation of human pluripotent teratocarcinoma stem cells induced by bone morphogenetic protein-2". Reproduction, Fertility, and Development 10 (7–8): 551–5. doi:10.1071/RD98097. PMID 10612460.
- ↑ Miranville A, Heeschen C, Sengenès C, Curat CA, Busse R, Bouloumié A (July 2004). "Improvement of postnatal neovascularization by human adipose tissue-derived stem cells". Circulation 110 (3): 349–55. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000135466.16823.D0. PMID 15238461.
- ↑ Blakolmer K, Jaskiewicz K, Dunsford HA, Robson SC (June 1995). "Hematopoietic stem cell markers are expressed by ductal plate and bile duct cells in developing human liver". Hepatology 21 (6): 1510–6. doi:10.1002/hep.1840210606. PMID 7539394.
- ↑ Ning H, Lin G, Lue TF, Lin CS (December 2006). "Neuron-like differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells and vascular smooth muscle cells". Differentiation 74 (9–10): 510–8. doi:10.1111/j.1432-0436.2006.00081.x. PMID 17177848.
- ↑ Van Den Heuvel MC, Slooff MJ, Visser L et al. (June 2001). "Expression of anti-OV6 antibody and anti-N-CAM antibody along the biliary line of normal and diseased human livers". Hepatology 33 (6): 1387–93. doi:10.1053/jhep.2001.24453. PMID 11391527.
- ↑ Kanatsu-Shinohara M, Toyokuni S, Shinohara T (January 2004). "CD9 is a surface marker on mouse and rat male germline stem cells". Biology of Reproduction 70 (1): 70–5. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.103.020867. PMID 12954725.
- ↑ Okumoto K, Saito T, Hattori E et al. (May 2003). "Differentiation of bone marrow cells into cells that express liver-specific genes in vitro: implication of the Notch signals in differentiation". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 304 (4): 691–5. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00637-5. PMID 12727209.
- ↑ Kimura H, Morii E, Ikeda JI et al. (September 2006). "Role of DNA methylation for expression of novel stem cell marker CDCP1 in hematopoietic cells". Leukemia 20 (9): 1551–6. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2404312. PMID 16926850.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 Regauer S (May 2006). "Extramammary Paget's disease--a proliferation of adnexal origin?". Histopathology 48 (6): 723–9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2006.02405.x. PMID 16681689.
- ↑ Schoof H, Lenhard M, Haecker A, Mayer KF, Jürgens G, Laux T (March 2000). "The stem cell population of Arabidopsis shoot meristems in maintained by a regulatory loop between the CLAVATA and WUSCHEL genes". Cell 100 (6): 635–44. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80700-X. PMID 10761929.
- ↑ Scavennec J, Carcassonne Y, Gastaut JA, Blanc A, Cailla HL (1 August 1981). "Relationship between the levels of cyclic cytidine 3':5'-monophosphate, cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate, and cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate in urines and leukocytes and the type of human leukemias". Cancer Research 41 (8): 3222–7. PMID 6265079.
- ↑ Boulter CA, Wagner EF (March 1988). "The effects of v-src expression on the differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells". Oncogene 2 (3): 207–14. PMID 3127777.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 Giuliano CJ, Kerley-Hamilton JS, Bee T et al. (October 2005). "Retinoic acid represses a cassette of candidate pluripotency chromosome 12p genes during induced loss of human embryonal carcinoma tumorigenicity". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1731 (1): 48–56. doi:10.1016/j.bbaexp.2005.08.006. PMID 16168501.
- ↑ Reid CD (June 1987). "The significance of endogenous erythroid colonies (EEC) in haematological disorders". Blood Reviews 1 (2): 133–40. doi:10.1016/0268-960X(87)90008-7. PMID 3332094.
- ↑ Lane MA, Chen AC, Roman SD, Derguini F, Gudas LJ (November 1999). "Removal of LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor) results in increased vitamin A (retinol) metabolism to 4-oxoretinol in embryonic stem cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 96 (23): 13524–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.23.13524. PMC 23981. PMID 10557354.
- ↑ Christensen JL, Weissman IL (December 2001). "Flk-2 is a marker in hematopoietic stem cell differentiation: A simple method to isolate long-term stem cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98 (25): 14541–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.261562798. PMC 64718. PMID 11724967.
- ↑ Hu Y, Zhang Z, Torsney E et al. (May 2004). "Abundant progenitor cells in the adventitia contribute to atherosclerosis of vein grafts in ApoE-deficient mice". The Journal of Clinical Investigation 113 (9): 1258–65. doi:10.1172/JCI19628. PMC 398426. PMID 15124016.
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- ↑ Pfeilstöcker M, Karlic H, Paukovits J et al. (April 1999). "In vivo and in vitro effects of cytokines and the hemoregulatory peptide dimer (pEEDCK)2 (pyroGlu-Glu-Asp-Cys-Lys)2 on G alpha16-positive hematopoiesis". Leukemia 13 (4): 590–4. doi:10.1038/sj/leu/2401377. PMID 10214866.
- ↑ Kume A, Hashiyama M, Suda T, Ozawa K (1999). "Green fluorescent protein as a selectable marker of retrovirally transduced hematopoietic progenitors". Stem Cells 17 (4): 226–32. doi:10.1002/stem.170226. PMID 10437986.
- ↑ Sonoda T, Hayashi C, Seike H et al. (February 1985). "Extensive proliferation of subsequently injected marrow cells in parental-to-F1 hematopoietic chimeras that restored normal stem cell concentration after initial transplantation". Experimental Hematology 13 (2): 143–50. PMID 2857651.
- ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 Perron M, Boy S, Amato MA et al. (April 2003). "A novel function for Hedgehog signalling in retinal pigment epithelium differentiation". Development 130 (8): 1565–77. doi:10.1242/dev.00391. PMID 12620982.
- ↑ Tschöpe D, Langer E, Schauseil S, Rösen P, Kaufmann L, Gries FA (February 1989). "Increased platelet volume--sign of impaired thrombopoiesis in diabetes mellitus". Klinische Wochenschrift 67 (4): 253–9. doi:10.1007/BF01717328. PMID 2927060.
- ↑ Czerwinski M, Kiem HP, Slattery JT (March 1997). "Human CD34+ cells do not express glutathione S-transferases alpha". Gene Therapy 4 (3): 268–70. doi:10.1038/sj.gt.3300381. PMID 9135742.
- ↑ Grskovic B, Pollaschek C, Mueller MM, Stuhlmeier KM (June 2006). "Expression of hyaluronan synthase genes in umbilical cord blood stem/progenitor cells". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1760 (6): 890–5. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.02.002. PMID 16564133.
- ↑ Chapouton P, Adolf B, Leucht C et al. (November 2006). "her5 expression reveals a pool of neural stem cells in the adult zebrafish midbrain". Development 133 (21): 4293–303. doi:10.1242/dev.02573. PMID 17038515.
- ↑ Wang Q, Li N, Wang X et al. (January 2007). "Membrane protein hMYADM preferentially expressed in myeloid cells is up-regulated during differentiation of stem cells and myeloid leukemia cells". Life Sciences 80 (5): 420–9. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2006.09.043. PMID 17097684.
- ↑ Stahl J, Wobus AM, Ihrig S, Lutsch G, Bielka H (September 1992). "The small heat shock protein hsp25 is accumulated in P19 embryonal carcinoma cells and embryonic stem cells of line BLC6 during differentiation". Differentiation 51 (1): 33–7. doi:10.1111/j.1432-0436.1992.tb00677.x. PMID 1451960.
- ↑ Gultice AD, Selesniemi KL, Brown TL (June 2006). "Hypoxia inhibits differentiation of lineage-specific Rcho-1 trophoblast giant cells". Biology of Reproduction 74 (6): 1041–50. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.105.047845. PMID 16481593.
- ↑ Testa U, Riccioni R, Diverio D, Rossini A, Lo Coco F, Peschle C (February 2004). "Interleukin-3 receptor in acute leukemia". Leukemia 18 (2): 219–26. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2403224. PMID 14671644.
- ↑ Hall PE, Lathia JD, Miller NG, Caldwell MA, ffrench-Constant C (September 2006). "Integrins are markers of human neural stem cells". Stem Cells 24 (9): 2078–84. doi:10.1634/stemcells.2005-0595. PMID 16690778.
- ↑ Jordan CT, Upchurch D, Szilvassy SJ et al. (October 2000). "The interleukin-3 receptor alpha chain is a unique marker for human acute myelogenous leukemia stem cells". Leukemia 14 (10): 1777–84. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2401903. PMID 11021753.
- ↑ Jendelová P, Herynek V, Urdzíková L et al. (April 2004). "Magnetic resonance tracking of transplanted bone marrow and embryonic stem cells labeled by iron oxide nanoparticles in rat brain and spinal cord". Journal of Neuroscience Research 76 (2): 232–43. doi:10.1002/jnr.20041. PMID 15048921.
- ↑ Ziegler BL, Valtieri M, Porada GA et al. (September 1999). "KDR receptor: a key marker defining hematopoietic stem cells". Science 285 (5433): 1553–8. doi:10.1126/science.285.5433.1553. PMID 10477517.
- ↑ Misago N, Narisawa Y (September 2006). "Cytokeratin 15 expression in neoplasms with sebaceous differentiation". Journal of Cutaneous Pathology 33 (9): 634–41. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2006.00500.x. PMID 16965339.
- ↑ Tiede S, Koop N, Kloepper JE, Fässler R, Paus R (November 2009). "Nonviral in situ green fluorescent protein labeling and culture of primary, adult human hair follicle epithelial progenitor cells". Stem Cells 27 (11): 2793–803. doi:10.1002/stem.213. PMID 19750535.
- ↑ Nijhof JG, Braun KM, Giangreco A et al. (August 2006). "The cell-surface marker MTS24 identifies a novel population of follicular keratinocytes with characteristics of progenitor cells". Development 133 (15): 3027–37. doi:10.1242/dev.02443. PMID 16818453.
- ↑ Youn SW, Kim DS, Cho HJ et al. (August 2004). "Cellular senescence induced loss of stem cell proportion in the skin in vitro". Journal of Dermatological Science 35 (2): 113–23. doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2004.04.002. PMID 15265523.
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- ↑ Constantinescu D, Gray HL, Sammak PJ, Schatten GP, Csoka AB (January 2006). "Lamin A/C expression is a marker of mouse and human embryonic stem cell differentiation". Stem Cells 24 (1): 177–85. doi:10.1634/stemcells.2004-0159. PMID 16179429.
- ↑ Muramatsu T, Muramatsu H (2004). "Carbohydrate antigens expressed on stem cells and early embryonic cells". Glycoconjugate Journal 21 (1–2): 41–5. doi:10.1023/B:GLYC.0000043746.77504.28. PMID 15467397.
- ↑ Ganat YM, Silbereis J, Cave C et al. (August 2006). "Early postnatal astroglial cells produce multilineage precursors and neural stem cells in vivo". The Journal of Neuroscience 26 (33): 8609–21. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2532-06.2006. PMID 16914687.
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- ↑ Legg J, Jensen UB, Broad S, Leigh I, Watt FM (December 2003). "Role of melanoma chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan in patterning stem cells in human interfollicular epidermis". Development 130 (24): 6049–63. doi:10.1242/dev.00837. PMID 14573520.
- ↑ Donnelly ET, Bardwell H, Thomas GA et al. (June 2005). "Metallothionein crypt-restricted immunopositivity indices (MTCRII) correlate with aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in mouse colon". British Journal of Cancer 92 (12): 2160–5. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602633. PMC 2361830. PMID 15928667.
- ↑ Hutter JJ, Hecht F, Kaiser-McCaw B et al. (1984). "Bone marrow monosomy 7: hematologic and clinical manifestations in childhood and adolescence". Hematological Oncology 2 (1): 5–12. doi:10.1002/hon.2900020103. PMID 6588021.
- ↑ Colombo E, Galli R, Cossu G, Gécz J, Broccoli V (November 2004). "Mouse orthologue of ARX, a gene mutated in several X-linked forms of mental retardation and epilepsy, is a marker of adult neural stem cells and forebrain GABAergic neurons". Developmental Dynamics 231 (3): 631–9. doi:10.1002/dvdy.20164. PMID 15376319.
- ↑ Steinbach D, Wittig S, Cario G et al. (December 2003). "The multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (MRP3) is associated with a poor outcome in childhood ALL and may account for the worse prognosis in male patients and T-cell immunophenotype". Blood 102 (13): 4493–8. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-11-3461. PMID 12816874.
- ↑ 77.0 77.1 Clarke RB, Spence K, Anderson E, Howell A, Okano H, Potten CS (January 2005). "A putative human breast stem cell population is enriched for steroid receptor-positive cells". Developmental Biology 277 (2): 443–56. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.07.044. PMID 15617686.
- ↑ Yoshida S, Shimmura S, Nagoshi N et al. (December 2006). "Isolation of multipotent neural crest-derived stem cells from the adult mouse cornea". Stem Cells 24 (12): 2714–22. doi:10.1634/stemcells.2006-0156. PMID 16888282.
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