Stefan Nerezov

Stefan Nerezov
Native name	Стефан Михайлов Нерезов
Born	(1867-11-12)12 November 1867 Sevlievo
Died	16 April 1925(1925-04-16) (aged 57) Sofia
Allegiance	Bulgaria
Service/branch	Bulgarian Army
Years of service	1885 - 1920
Rank	General of the Infantry
Commands held	Ninth Pleven Infantry Division First Army Chief of the General Staff of the Bulgarian Army
Battles/wars	First Balkan War Second Balkan War First World War Morava Offensive Kosovo Offensive Battle of Doiran
Awards	Order of Bravery Order of St Alexander Order of Military Merit Iron Cross I Class Iron Cross II Class

Stefan Mikhailov Nerezov (Bulgarian: Стефан Михайлов Нерезов) (born 12 November 1867 in Sevlievo, died 16 April 1925 in Sofia) was a Bulgarian General and Chief of the Bulgarian Army Staff.

Biography

Stefan Nerezov was born in Sevlievo, at the time part of the Ottoman Empire. After the liberation of Bulgaria he was a volunteer in the Student's Legion during the Serbo-Bulgarian War and took part in the defense of the unification of the Principality of Bulgaria and the province of Eastern Rumelia. After the war he served for a short time as a corporal in the 12th Infantry Regiment and in 1887 he was accepted in Sofia Military School. After his graduation he served in the 4th Artillery Regiment but in 1892 was sent to specialize in the Turin Military Academy in Italy. There he spent four years between 1892 and 1896.

With his return to Bulgaria he performed different duties in the General Staff of the Army and in some of the field units. In 1903 Prince Ferdinand took him in his retinue and made him Commandant of the Palace and promoted to major. In 1908 Nerezov was appointed Chief of the Operations Department of the Army Staff and as such took part in the preparations for the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1912.In 1911 he was promoted to colonel

Balkan Wars

During the First Balkan War besides Chief of the Operations Department of the Army Staff he was also Assistant to the chief of the General Staff general Ivan Fichev. With the end of the that war the growing tension between the former allies general Fichev, who was deeply opposed to a military solution of the disputes between Bulgaria and Serbia, preferred to resign from his post but his resignation was never accepted. Nevertheless he did not take part in the preparation of the war. Some of his functions were assumed by colonel Nerezov. Bulgaria didn't have a general plan for a war against its former allies so in May colonel Nerezov submitted his suggestions for approval by the High Command. In them he planned a simultaneous attack by all five Bulgarian armies with the bulk of the forces directs against Macedonia while the rest drive deep into the prewar borders of Serbia in order to cut its supply and communication lines. This planned was approved but was not fulfilled as intended.

When the war began on 16 June 1913 only two of the Bulgarian armies were ordered to attack while the other three remained idle for almost one week. This and the entry of Romania in the war meant that Nerezov's plan was compromised. The Bulgarian High Command chose to withdraw the forces deployed against Old Serbia even though they had achieved success in the initial operations by taking Knjaževac and were poised to take Pirot and advance to Niš. The Bulgarians now concentrated their forces to the south and managed to completely halt the Serbian advance after the battle of Kalimanci and almost encircle the Greek Army in the battle of Kresna Gorge. These successful military operations couldn't prevent the Romanian Army from threatening the rear of the Bulgarian Army and reaching the vicinity of capital Sofia which forced the Bulgarian capitulation.

First World War

In 1914 colonel Nerezov took the command of the 2nd Infantry Brigade of the Ninth Pleven Infantry Division and was promoted to major general the next year and took command of the entire division. With the entry of Bulgaria in the war his division was assigned to the First Army for operations against the valleys of the rivers Timok and Morava. In the following battles the Serbian Army was defeated but managed to avoid encirclement at Kosovo Pole. With the end of the Serbian Campaign the Ninth Division arrived at the Macedonian Front where it became part of the 11th German Army.

On 25 November 1916 he was appointed commander of the Third Army on the Dobrudja Front where he remained for one year. In 1917 he was appointed to command the newly created Morava Army Region in occupied Serbia.

In Summer of 1918 when the 5th Bulgarian Division was defeated at the Battle of Skra-di-Legen the Commander in Chief general Nikola Zhekov decided that a command change was needed in the First Army in order to increase the morale of its troops. General Dimitar Geshov was replaced with general Nerezov, who was described as "more healthy, more lively and more steadfast".^[1] In August he was promoted to Lieutenant General.

In September the Allies began their final offensive to knock out Bulgaria out of the war. The Bulgarian Army which was stretched on a 350 km front with all its forced arrayed in a single line had little reserves to prevent a breakthrough at the Battle of Dobro Pole. General Nerezov's First Army was attacked by the British and Greeks at the Battle of Doiran. The fighting was hard but unlike other sectors of the front the Bulgarian troops kept their high morale and battle readiness due to the personal visits of the commander of the army on the battlefield. Unlike other commanders he had also positioned his forces in such a way that made available two infantry regiments as an immediate reserve. As a result the Bulgarians achieved an important victory which encouraged general Nerezov to begin preparations for a counter-attack with his army. However the Senior German and Bulgarian commanders were overwhelmed by the Dobro Pole debacle and feared giving a last general battle with all available forces. Instead the First Army was ordered to retreat and for the remaining days of the war it was pursued by the British and fought only small rearguard battles. The war ended in Bulgarian defeat and the First Army was demobilized in October 1918.

Later life

After the war general Nerezov served as Inspector of the Infantry and in 1919 as Chief of the Bulgarian Army Staff. In 1920 he was promoted to General of the Infantry which was the highest rank in the Bulgarian Army and went in to the reserve. General Nerezov died on 16 April 1925 when he was killed in the St Nedelya Church assault.

Awards

• Order of Bravery, II grade and III grade,1 and 2 class
• Order of St Alexander, IV and V grade without swords
• Order of Military Merit, I grade with military decorations
• German Iron Cross

References

Sources

Bulgaria in World War I
Prelude	South-western front: Serbian Campaign, Macedonian front	Romanian front • Outcome • Others	Important persons
Balkan Wars 1912–1913 First Balkan War 1913 Treaty of London Second Balkan War Treaty of Bucharest Treaty of Istanbul Neutrality 1914 Ottoman–Bulgarian alliance 1915 Negotiations of Bulgaria with the Central Powers and the Entente Bulgarian-German treaty Secret Bulgarian-German agreement Military convention between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria Bulgarian-Turkish convention Mobilization	Commanders  Bulgaria Nikola Zhekov • Kliment Boyadzhiev • Georgi Todorov• Stefan Nerezov • Vladimir Vazov Entente:  Serbia: Radomir Putnik • Živojin Mišić • Stepa Stepanović • Petar Bojović;  France: Maurice Sarrail • Adolphe Guillaumat • Franchet d'Esperey;  United Kingdom: George Milne;  Greece: Panagiotis Danglis Field Armies + Eleventh Army First Army Second Army Fourth Army Battles 1915 Morava Offensive • Ovche Pole Offensive • Kosovo Offensive (1915) • Battle of Krivolak 1916 First battle of Doiran • Battle of Lerin • Battle of Struma • Monastir Offensive 1917 Second battle of Doiran • 2nd Cerna Bend • Second battle of Monastir 1918 Battle of Skra-di-Legen • Battle of Dobro Pole • Third battle of Doiran	Commanders  Bulgaria Nikola Zhekov • Panteley Kiselov • Stefan Toshev • Todor Kantardzhiev • Ivan Kolev Entente:  Romania: Constantin Prezan • Alexandru Averescu;  Russia: Andrei Zaionchkovsky • Vladimir Sakharov Field Armies Third Army Battles 1916 Battle of Turtucaia • Battle of Dobrich • First Cobadin • Flămânda Offensive • Second Cobadin • Battle of Bucharest Outcome 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • Armistice of Focşani • Treaty of Bucharest • Protocol of Berlin Outcome Armistice of Salonica Vladaya revolt Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine Others Bulgarian administration in Kosovo Anti-military propaganda	Ferdinand Vasil Radoslavov Alexander Malinov Aleksandar Stamboliyski Aleksandar Protogerov August von Mackensen Boris Drangov Vladimir Vazov Georgi Todorov (general) Ivan Kolev Kliment Boyadzhiev Konstantin Zhostov Krastyu Zlatarev Nikola Zhekov Panteley Kiselov Stefan Toshev Stefan Nerezov Todor Kantardzhiev