State Railway of Thailand
State Railway of Thailand (SRT) การรถไฟแห่งประเทศไทย (รฟท.) | |
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Locale | Thailand |
Dates of operation | 1890–present |
Track gauge | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) (Metre gauge) |
Length | 4,070 km |
Headquarters | Bangkok |
The State Railway of Thailand (Thai: การรถไฟแห่งประเทศไทย) is the state-owned rail operator in Thailand. The network serves around 50 million passengers per annum.
History
SRT was founded as the Royal State Railways of Siam (RSR) in 1890. Construction of the Bangkok-Ayutthaya railway (71 km or 44 mi), the first part of the Northern Line, was started in 1891 and completed on May 23, 1892. The Thonburi-Phetchaburi line (150 km or 93 mi), later the Southern Line, was opened on June 19, 1903.
The Northern Line was originally built as 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge, but in September 1919 it was decided to standardize on 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) meter gauge and the Northern Line was regauged during the next ten years. On July 1, 1951, RSR changed its name to the present State Railway of Thailand.
In 2014 SRT had 4,043 km (2,512 mi) of track, all of it meter gauge Nearly all is single-track (3,685 km), although some important sections around Bangkok are double (251 km) or triple-tracked (107 km) and there are plans to extend this.[1]
Issues
The SRT has long been popularly perceived by the public as inefficient and resistant to change. Trains are usually late, and most of its equipment is old and poorly maintained. The worst financially performing state enterprise, the SRT consistently operates at a loss despite being endowed with large amounts of property and receiving large government budgets; it reported a preliminary loss of 7.58 billion baht in 2010.[2] Recurring government attempts at restructuring and/or privatization throughout the 2000s have always been strongly opposed by the union and have not made any progress.[3][4]
Network
The SRT operates all of Thailand's national rail lines. Bangkok's Hua Lamphong, or Krungthep Station, is the main terminus of all routes. Phahonyothin and ICD Ladkrabang are the main freight terminals.
Northern Line
The Northern Line begins alongside the Northeastern Line up until Ban Phachi Junction. Here, it splits from the Northeastern Line and proceeds through Lopburi, Nakhon Sawan, Phichit, Phitsanulok, Denchai, Lampang, Lamphun, before finally reaching Chiang Mai 751 kilometers from Bangkok. There is also a branch off the mainline from Ban Dara junction to Sawankhalok in Sukhothai Province.
- Bang Sue Junction - The largest freight yard in Thailand and hence the Phahonyothin main freight terminal. There is also a locomotive depot.
- Ayutthaya Station - Northern Bangkok suburban station. High passenger revenue, second only to Bangkok Station.
- Ban Phachi Junction - A major junction, where the Northern and Northeastern lines separate.
- Lopburi Railway Station - The end of northern Bangkok suburban service; a military town with lots of history.
- Nakhon Sawan Station - Nakhon Sawan Main Station, Nong Pling Station until 1956.
- Phichit Station- Phichit Main Station
- Phitsanulok Station - Phitsanulok Main station, town with the famous Phra Phuttha Chinnarat
- Ban Dara Junction - Junction for Sawankhalok Line
- Sawankhalok Station- Terminus of Sawankhalok Branch. Station for Sukhothai Province and travel to Sukhothai and Si Satchanalai Historical Parks.
- Uttaradit Station - Main station, Uttaradit Province.
- Sila At Station - Depot on the Northern Line. Refueling station and up trains will be cut at this station
- Den Chai Station - the dropping point for Phrae with a proposal for a junction for Den Chai – Chiang Rai route
- Nakhon Lampang Station - Depot on the Northern Line. Train will be cut further if going north to Chiang Mai.
- Khun Tan Station- Station in the mountains, base point and entrance for Doi Khuntan National Park. Railway bungalows also here
- Lamphun Station - Main station for Lamphun Province
- Chiang Mai Station - Northern terminus.
Northeastern Line
The Northeastern Line begins on the same route as the Northern Line, splitting at Ban Phachi Junction towards Nakhon Ratchasima. Then at Thanon Chira Junction, the line splits with one route passing Khon Kaen and Udon Thani before terminating at Nong Khai 624 kilometers from Bangkok. The other route passes through Buriram, Surin, Si Sa Ket to reach Ubon Ratchathani, 575 kilometers from Bangkok.
There is also another branch route originating from Kaeng Khoi Junction in Saraburi Province passing through Lamnarai in Lopburi Province, Chaturat in Chaiyaphum Province, before joining the mainline heading towards Nong Khai at Bua Yai Junction in Nakhon Ratchasima Province.
- Saraburi Station - Main Saraburi station, named Pak Priaw station until 1934.
- Kaeng Khoi Junction - The Bua Yai Line and Khlong Sip Kao line diverge from the mainline here. Main Depot with refueling facility. The point for dividing freight trains into two trains to pass difficult section of Dong Phraya Yen (Kaeng Khoi - Pak Chong) or combining divided freight trains back into one train
- Pak Chong Station - The gateway to Nakhon Ratchasima and the point for dividing freight trains into two to pass difficult section of Dong Phraya Yen (Kaeng Khoi - Pak Chong) or combining divided freight trains back into one train
- Nakhon Ratchasima Station - Main depot of the Northeastern Line with refueling facility and a branch line to 2nd Army Support Command. Main Nakhon Ratchasima station.
- Thanon Chira Junction - Junction for Nong Khai line close to Fort Suranaree (2nd Army Region HQ)
- Buriram Station - Buriram provincial station with a branch line to a quarry at Khao Kradong
- Surin Station - Main Surin station
- Si Sa Ket Station - Main Si Sa Ket station.
- Ubon Ratchathani Station in town of Warin Chamrap - Terminus of South Isaan Line (also known as Ubon Line) with Depot and refueling facility. Named Varindr station until 1942-1943. Main Ubon Ratchathani Station.
- Lam Narai Station- Station on the Lam Narai/Bua Yai Branch, for Chai Badan Municipality.
- Chatturat Station- Station on the Lam Narai/Bua Yai Branch, alight for Chaiyaphum.
- Bua Yai Junction - junction with refueling facility
- Khon Kaen Station - Khon Kaen main station
- Udon Thani Station - Udon Thani main station with refueling facility.
- Nong Khai Station in town of Nong Khai - Terminus of North Isaan Line (also known as Nong Khai Line), provides a connection to Thanaleng Station in Vientiane, Laos. Main Nong Khai station.
Southern Line
The Southern Line begins in Bangkok and heads west towards Nakhon Pathom before splitting into 3 different routes. One route heads west towards Kanchanaburi Province (km 210) while another heads north towards Suphan Buri (km 157). The Southern Line itself continues southbound through Ratchaburi, Phetchaburi, Hua Hin, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Chumphon, to Surat Thani 678 kilometers away. From Surat Thani, there is a westerly branch towards Khiri Ratnikhom while the main line continues south to Thung Song Junction in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province where another branch reaches Kantang in Trang Province. The main line from Nakhon Sri Thammarat continues through Phatthalung before reaching Hatyai Junction in Songkhla Province. From here, the line branches to connect with the Malaysian railway at Padang Besar and Sungai Golok passing through Yala Province in the process.
- Bang Sue Junction - Main junction and freight terminal with main Diesel Locomotive Depot and Refueling facility
- Bang Bamru Station- Suburban Station, all trains must stop here. First station after crossing the Rama 6 Bridge from Bang Sue.
- Taling Chan Junction- Junction for Southern Main Line(Bang Sue-Taling Chan Link) and Thonburi Branch.
- Thonburi Station - Former terminus of Southern Line, however some southern trains remain to start the journey here.
- Salaya Station- Suburban Station, for Phutthamonthon District and Mahidol University (Salaya Campus)
- Nakhon Pathom Station - Main southern suburban station. Main Nakhon Pathom station.
- Nong Pladuk Junction - Junction for Namtok Branch Line and Suphan Buri Branch Line.
- Ban Pong Station - Interchange to Kanchanaburi for those who did not travel along Nam Tok branch line
- Ratchaburi Station - Terminal for southern suburban service, also Ratchaburi main station.
- Phetchaburi Station - Phetchaburi main station.
- Hua Hin Station - Provincial Station for Hua Hin in Prachuap Khiri Khan with beautiful architecture, crew changing station.
- Wang Phong Station- One of the stations in Pran Buri. Also for the nearby Thanarat Military Camp. More trains stop here for Pran Buri than Pran Buri Station itself.
- Pran Buri Station- Smaller station for Pran Buri, with a famous Saturday Night Market opposite the station.
- Prachuap Khiri Khan Station - Prachuap Khiri Khan main station.
- Bang Saphan Yai Station - Regional Town Station, however all trains going further south must stop here.
- Chumphon Station - Main Chumphon station, locomotive depot with refueling facility
- Lang Suan Station- Provincial Station in Chumphon. Furthest extent of southern services from Thonburi.
- Ban Thung Pho Junction - Southern Container Yard, for Khiri Ratthanikhom Branch.
- Khiri Ratthanikhom Station - Terminus for the Khiri Ratthanikhom Branch and the abandoned railway plan to Phang-Nga and Tanun (Phuket).
- Surat Thani Station - Crew changing station and Surat Thani main station.
- Thung Song Junction - Locomotive Depot, refueling facility and junction for Kantang Branch.
- Trang Station - Trang main station.
- Kantang Station - Terminus of Kantang Branch.
- Khao Chum Thong Junction - Junction for Nakhon Si Thammarat Branch.
- Nakhon Si Thammarat Station - Terminus of Nakhon Si Thammarat Branch. Nakhon Si Thammarat main station.
- Phatthalung Station - Phatthalung main station, crew changing station
- Hat Yai Junction - Main junction for Malaysia and Singapore and Main Line of Southern Line, Locomotive Depot and refueling facility. Main Songkhla Station.
- Padang Besar Station - International KTM station in Malaysia. Trains continue to Butterworth (Penang) and further.
- Pattani Station - formerly Khok Pho station, Pattani main station.
- Yala Station - Main Yala station, crew changing station
- Tanyong Mas Station - for Ra Ngae district and Narathiwat.
- Sungai Kolok Station - Terminus of Southern Line. Used to be an international station until the termination of cross border services.
Namtok Branch
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Legend
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- Thonburi Station - Terminus of Western Line
- Taling Chan Junction - Junction for Bangsue - Taling Chan link (also known as Rama 6 Line), the connection between south and north SRT systems opened with the building of the only rail bridge across the Chao Phraya River in 1925.
- Salaya Station - Bangkok suburban station close to Mahidol University (Salaya Campus)
- Nakhon Pathom Station - Nakhon Pathom main station.
- Nong Pladuk Junction - Junction for Suphan Buri and Kanchanaburi.
- Suphanburi Station - A 2-car DMU operates to Bangkok in the early morning and from Bangkok in the evening.
- Kanchanaburi Station - Main Kanchanaburi station
- Nam Tok Station - Terminus of Western Line.
Eastern Line
The Eastern Line begins at Bangkok before heading through Chacheongsao, Prachinburi to terminate at Aranyaprathet station in Sa Kaew Province 255 kilometers distant. There is an unused rail link to Cambodia from Aranyaprathet. A branch line also connects Khlong 19 to the Northeastern Line at Kaeng Khoi Junction. At Chacheongsao station, there is another branch to Sattahip from which there is also another branch to Sriracha Junction 139 kilometers from Bangkok. From Sriracha Junction, there is yet another branch towards Laem Chabang deep sea port and Maptaphut.
- Makkasan Station - the main depot of SRT (Makkasan Works), and City Air Terminal Station for Suvarnabhumi Airport Express Train (closer to Asok Halt than to Makkasan station)
- Hua Mak Station - Bangkok suburban station
- Hua Takhe Station - Junction for ICD.
- Chachoengsao Junction - Junction for Laem Chabang (double track opened January 2012[5]) and Aranyaprathet Line. Main Chachoengsao station.
- Khlong Sip Kao Junction- Junction for the Aranyaprathet Line and the Cargo Link to Kaeng Khoi Junction.
- Prachin Buri Station- Main Prachin Buri Province Rail Station.
- Sa Kaeo Station - Main Sa Kaeo station
- Aranyaprathet Station - Terminus of North Eastern Line.
- Chon Buri Station- Main Chon Buri station
- Si Racha Junction - Junction for Laem Chabang Deep Sea Port.
- Khao Chi Chan Junction- Junction for Sattahip Commercial Port and Map Taphut Freight Line
- Ban Phlu Ta Luang Station -Terminus for current, operational, ordinary train from Bangkok.
- Map Taphut Station - Terminus of East Coast Line - freight trains only.
Maeklong Line
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Legend
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The Maeklong Railway, also operated by the SRT, is independent of the national rail network and is split into two sections. The line begins at Wongwian Yai in Bangkok before terminating at Mahachai where a ferry is used by passengers to cross the Tha Chin River. The line starts again across the river at Ban Laem and continues towards Mae Klong.[6]
Freight Lines
SRT operates freight-only services on the following lines:
Makkasan Station-Mae Nam-Tha Rua Mai
Mae Nam-Bang Chak Oil Refinery
Khlong Sip Kao Junction-Ongkharak Station-Wihan Daeng Station-Bu Yai Station-Kaeng Khoi Junction
Ban Chong Tai Station-Cement Works
Hin Lap Station-Cement Works
Samran Station-Oil Refinery
Services
Intercity services
SRT operates intercity passenger services on the following lines:
Northern Line
- Bangkok-Ayutthaya-Lopburi-Nakhon Sawan-Phitsanulok-Lampang-Chiang Mai
Northeastern Line
- Bangkok-Ayutthaya-Saraburi-Nakhon Ratchasima-Khon Kaen-Udon Thani-Nong Khai
- Bangkok-Ayutthaya-Saraburi-Nakhon Ratchasima-Buriram-Surin-Sisaket-Ubon Ratchathani
Eastern Line
- Bangkok-Chachoengsao-Prachinburi-Kabin Buri-Sa Kaeo-Aranyaprathet
- Bangkok-Chachoengsao-Chon Buri-Pattaya-Ban Phlu Ta Luang
Southern Line
- Bangkok-Nakhon Pathom-Hua Hin-Surat Thani-Hat Yai-Butterworth (Malaysia)(International Express)
- Bangkok-Nakhon Pathom-Hua Hin-Surat Thani-Hat Yai-Sungei Kolok
- Bangkok-Nakhon Pathom-Hua Hin-Surat Thani-Thung Song-Nakhon Si Thammarat
- Bangkok-Nakhon Pathom-Hua Hin-Surat Thani-Thung Song-Kantang
- Bangkok-Nakhon Pathom-Kanchanaburi-Nam Tok
International services
SRT operates international services to Butterworth in Penang, Malaysia, in conjunction with Malaysian state operator KTM.
A link across the First Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge to Thanaleng Railway Station, near Vientiane, opened in March 2009.[7]
There are plans to re-open rail links to Cambodia via Poipet from the railhead at Aranyaprathet. Railway connections to Myanmar (Burma), notably the infamous Death Railway, are defunct.
In December 2010, following Chinese plans to extend their (standard gauge) network to Xishuangbanna on the China-Laos border and further into Laos,[8] the Thai government agreed to start negotiations on building a standard-gauge network.[9] This would initially involve two lines: from Bangkok to the Lao border, and a longer line from Bangkok along the peninsula to the Malay border.[10]
SRT also allows operation of the Eastern and Oriental Express on their tracks which runs from Singapore to Bangkok and vice versa, with a few trips to Laos and Chiang Mai.
Rail links to adjacent countries
- Malaysia - same 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) gauge
- Laos - 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) gauge across Mekong River on Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge
- Cambodia - disused (being rebuilt)
- Myanmar - defunct - (see Death Railway).But projected extension will rebuild the route.[11]
- Proposed link from Kanchanaburi to Port Dawei (2011)
Commuter trains
The SRT operates commuter rail services from Bangkok along the Northern and Northeastern Lines up to Ayutthaya, Ban Phachi Junction, Lopburi and Kaeng Khoi Junction. Ten trains run along the route on a daily basis.[12] A new service serving between Thonburi and Sala Ya was launched on 22 October 2010.[13]
The Red Line project is a new commuter rail system also owned by the SRT. It is currently under construction and will replace portions of rail lines running through Bangkok, eliminating at-grade crossings.
Other services
SRT operates the Airport Link to Suvarnabhumi Airport which opened in 2010.[14] It is medium speed (160 km/h) and links with BTS Skytrain at Phaya Thai Station and MRT at Phetchaburi Station,and a new transit center at Makkasan allows airline passengers to check-in.
Locomotives & multiple units
Active fleet
Diesel electric locomotives
Type | Manufacturer | Numbers | Year(s) built | Quantity built | Power (horsepower) | Max Speed (km/h) | Image | Note | ||||||
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UM12C (GE) | General Electric | 4001-4050 | 1964 (4001-4040) 1966 (4041-4050) |
50 | 1320 (2 × 660) |
103 [15] | Refurbished around 2010-2011. | |||||||
AD24C (ALS) | Alsthom | 4101-4154 | 1974–1975 | 54 | 2400 | 90 | First batch of AD24C locomotives. Some of them were refurbished with new MTU Friedrichshafen and Cat diesel engine. | |||||||
AD24C (AHK) | Alsthom, Henschel and Krupp | 4201-4230 | 1980 | 30 | 2400 | 100 | Second batch of AD24C, built under license by Henschel and Krupp.Some of them were refurbished with new MTU Friedrichshafen diesel engineand Cat diesel engine. | |||||||
AD24C (ALD) | Alsthom | 4301-4309 | 1983 | 9 | 2400 | 100 | Third batch of AD24C.Some of them were refurbished with new MTU Friedrichshafen diesel engineand Cat diesel engine. | |||||||
AD24C (ADD) | Alsthom | 4401-4420 | 1985 | 20 | 2400 | 100 | Fourth and last batch of AD24C.Some of them were refurbished with new MTU Friedrichshafen diesel engineand Cat diesel engine. | |||||||
8FA-36C (HID) | Hitachi | 4501-4522 | 1993 | 22 | 2860 (2 × 1430) |
100 | First batch of Main Line Locomotive Program, used MAN B&W Diesel engine in the short-term , then replaced by Cummins KTTA-50L engine, later modified to KTA-50L | |||||||
CM22-7i (GEA) | General Electric | 4523-4560 | 1995–1996 | 38 | 2860 (2 × 1430) |
100 | Second batch of Main Line Locomotive Program, used Cummins KTA-50L engine. Some locomotives were air-conditioned. | CSR U-20 | CSR Quishuan | 5101-5110(Delivered to Laemchabang port already)
5111-5201(In construction) |
2013–Present | 100 | 3800 |
Diesel hydraulic locomotives
Type | Manufacturer | Numbers | Year built | Quantity built | Power (horsepower) | Max Speed (km/h) | Image | Note | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DH1200BB | Henschel | 3001-3027 | 1964 | 27 | 1200 | 90 | All locomotives except #3015and3013 are withdrawn. #3026 preserved. Some of them were sold to Italian-Thai construction and rebuilt by Vossloh, the rest were scrapped. | ||
M1500BB | Krupp and Krauss-Maffei | 3101-3130 | 1969 | 30 | 1500 | 90 | Alls are withdrawn expect#3121 Now use at Death railway |
Diesel multiple units
Type | Manufacturer | Numbers | Year built | Quantity built | Power (horsepower) | Max Speed (km/h) | Image | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RHN | Hitachi | 1011-1048 (power cars) 11-48 (trailer cars) |
1967 | 38+38 | 220 | 90 | Now use as a Northeastern line commuter train. | |
RTS | Tokyu | D9-D16 (power cars) TS4-TS7 (center/trailer cars) |
1971 | 8+4 | 220 | 70 | Ex-Mahachai railways, to be refurbished. Similar bodyshell of THN and NKF but with different formation (power car-2 trailer cars). | |
THN | Tokyu, Hitachi and Nippon Sharyo | 1101–1140 | 1983 | 40 | 235 | 105 | Similar to NKF. | |
NKF | Nippon Sharyo, Hitachi, Fuji Heavy Industries,Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Niigata Tekkousho, and Kinki Sharyo | 1201–1264, (center) 2101-2112 | 1985 | 64+12 | 235 | 105 | Similar to THN, but with plastic chairs. | |
ASR | BREL, Derby Works | 2501–2512, (center) 2113-2120 | 1991 | 12+8 | 285 | 160 but Ministry of transport turn down to 120 km/h | Metre gauge version of British Rail Class 158, with different gangways and couplers, and with inward-opening slam doors instead of plug doors. 3-car set until 2011, when all were refurbished with new seats, vinyl floors, an extra coach and new livery. | |
APD .20 | Daewoo Heavy Industries | 2513-2524 (center) 2121-2128 | 1995 | 10+8 | 298 | 120 | First batch, narrow body. | |
APD .60 | Daewoo Heavy Industries | 2525-2544 | 1996 | 20+40 | 298 | 120 | Second batch, wide body. |
See also
References
- ↑ Thongkamkoon, Chaiwat. "Thailand's Railway Development Strategy 2015-2022" (PDF). Railway Technology Development Institute of Thailand. Retrieved 2014-11-28.
- ↑ Chantanusornsiri, Wichit (23 January 2012). "State railway to finally account for assets and liabilities". Bangkok Post.
- ↑ Mahitthirook, Amornrat; Marukatat, Saritdet (22 December 2010). "Getting on track needs strong political will". Bangkok Post.
- ↑ Bowring, Philip (23 October 2009). "Thailand's Railways: Wrong Track". Asia Sentinel. Asia Sentinel. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
- ↑ New Eastern rail line gets on track, The Bangkok Post, 13/01/2012
- ↑ Barrett, Kenneth (2013). "Walk 1 Wong Wian Yai". 22 Walks in Bangkok (EBOOK SAMPLE 36 PP. 2.5MB). Singapore: Tuttle. p. 25. ISBN 978 1 4629 1380 0. Retrieved 2014-07-27.
The Mahachai-Mae Klong line was built by the Tha Cheen Railway Company under a private concession and opened in early 1905, its purpose being to bring fish and farm produce from the coast.
- ↑ "Inaugural train begins Laos royal visit". Railway Gazette International. 2009-03-05.
- ↑ "NEW CHINA-LAOS LINK". Railways Africa. Retrieved 2010-11-09.
- ↑ "STANDARD GAUGE FOR THAILAND". Railways Africa. Retrieved 2010-12-19.
- ↑ "Railway Gazette: Two standard gauge main lines recommended". Retrieved 2011-02-27.
- ↑ "Neighbours to the west get closer | Bangkok Post: news". Bangkok Post. 2012-02-28. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
- ↑ "Commuter line timetable". SRT website. State Railway of Thailand. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
- ↑ ศูนย์ประชาสัมพันธ์และบริการท่องเที่ยว (22 October 2010). การรถไฟแห่งประเทศไทยพัฒนารถไฟสายศิริราช-ศาลายานำร่อง เตรียมสร้างโครงข่าย. press release (in Thai). Retrieved 20 January 2012.
- ↑ "Bangkok Suvarnabhumi airport rail link opens". Railway Gazette International. 2010-08-24.
- ↑ http://www.railway.co.th/home/srt/knowledge/locomotives.asp
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to State Railway of Thailand. |
- State Railway of Thailand
- The Official Online Ticketing from the State Railway of Thailand
- Winchester, Clarence, ed. (1936), "Trains in Siam", Railway Wonders of the World, pp. 1364–1368 illustrated description of the Siamese railways in the 1930s
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