St. Albans Raid

St. Albans Raid
Part of the American Civil War

St. Albans bank tellers being forced to pledge allegiance to the Confederacy,
DateOctober 19, 1864
LocationSt. Albans (city), Vermont
44°48′37″N 73°09′08″W / 44.81028°N 73.15222°WCoordinates: 44°48′37″N 73°09′08″W / 44.81028°N 73.15222°W
Result Confederate victory
Belligerents
United States United States (Union) Confederate States of America CSA (Confederacy)
Commanders and leaders
Bennett H. Young
Strength
21 cavalry
Casualties and losses
1 killed
2 wounded		 1 wounded

The St. Albans Raid was the northernmost land action of the American Civil War. It was a controversial raid from Canada by Confederate soldiers meant to rob banks in retaliation for the Union Army burning Southern cities and to force the Union Army to divert troops to defend their northern border. It took place in St. Albans, Vermont, on October 19, 1864.[1]

Background

In this wartime incident, Kentuckian Bennett H. Young led the Confederate States Army forces. Young had been captured after the Battle of Salineville in Ohio ended Morgan's Raid the year before. He managed to escape to Canada, then part of the British Empire. After meeting with Confederate agents there, he returned to the Confederacy, where he proposed raids on the Union from the Canadian border to build the Confederate treasury and force the Union Army to divert troops from the South. Young was commissioned as a lieutenant and returned to Canada, where he recruited other escaped Confederates for a raid on St. Albans, Vermont, a quiet city just 15 miles (24 km) from the Canadian border.

Raid

Young and two others checked into a local hotel on October 10, saying they had come from St. John's, Canada East, for a "sporting vacation". Two or three more men arrived daily, until by October 19, 21 Confederate cavalrymen had assembled. Shortly before 3 p.m. the men staged simultaneous robberies of the city's three banks. They identified themselves as Confederate soldiers and took a total of $208,000 (US$ 3,140,000 in 2015). During the robberies, eight or nine Confederates held the villagers at gun point on the village green, taking their horses to prevent pursuit. Several armed villagers tried to resist, and one was killed and another wounded. Young ordered his men to burn the city, but the 4-US-fluid-ounce (120 ml) bottles of Greek fire they used failed to ignite, and only one shed was destroyed by fire.

The raiders escaped to Canada, despite a delayed pursuit. In response to U.S. demands, the Canadian authorities arrested the raiders, recovering $88,000. However, a Canadian court ruled that because they were soldiers under military orders, officially neutral Canada could not extradite them. Canada freed the raiders, but returned to St. Albans the money they had found.[2]

As an unintended consequence, the raid served to turn many Canadians against the Confederacy, since they felt that Canada was being drawn into the conflict without its consent. The Confederate agents in Canada realized this and no further raids were made.

Only one of the three banks still stands, the Franklin County Bank, which became the Franklin Lamoille Bank and is now a TD Bank branch. Other sites surviving are Taylor Park and the American House, where some of the raiders stayed.[3]

Film

The 1954 film The Raid was loosely based on this incident.[4]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Wilson, 1992
  2. ↑ "Saint Albans Raid". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved May 2, 2014.
  3. ↑ Campi p.11
  4. ↑ "The Raid (1954)". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved May 2, 2014.

Further reading

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to St. Albans Raid.