Sphenacodontoidea
| Sphenacodontoids Temporal range: Late Carboniferous-Recent, 303.4–0Ma | |
|---|---|
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| Ctenospondylus | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Synapsida |
| Clade: | Sphenacodontia |
| Clade: | Sphenacodontoidea |
Sphenacodontoidea is a node-based clade that defined to include the most recent common ancestor of the Sphenacodontidae and the Therapsida and their descendants (including mammals). They are defined according to a number of specialised characteristics concerning proportions of the bones of the skull and the teeth.
The Sphenacodontoidea evolved from earlier Sphenacodontia such as Haptodus via a number of transitional stages of small, unspecialised pelycosaurs.
Taxonomy and Phylogeny
The following taxonomy follows Fröbisch et al. (2011) and Benson (in press) unless otherwise noted.[1][2]
Class Synapsida
- Sphenacodontia
- Sphenacodontoidea
- Family †Sphenacodontidae
- †Bathygnathus
- †Ctenorhachis
- †Cutleria
- †Macromerion
- †Neosaurus
- †Secodontosaurus
- ? †Steppesaurus
- Subfamily †Sphenacodontinae
- ORDER THERAPSIDA
- Class Mammalia
- Family †Sphenacodontidae
- Sphenacodontoidea
References
- ↑ Jörg Fröbisch, Rainer R. Schoch, Johannes Müller, Thomas Schindler and Dieter Schweiss (2011). "A new basal sphenacodontid synapsid from the Late Carboniferous of the Saar-Nahe Basin, Germany" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56 (1): 113–120. doi:10.4202/app.2010.0039.
- ↑ Benson, R.J. (2012). "Interrelationships of basal synapsids: cranial and postcranial morphological partitions suggest different topologies". Journal of Systematic Paleontology. in press. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.631042.
- Laurin, M. and Reisz, R. R., 1997, Autapomorphies of the main clades of synapsids - Tree of Life Web Project
See also
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